The Experts below are selected from a list of 2874 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
José A. Caballero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Optimal Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Design
Heat Analysis and Thermodynamic Effects, 2011Co-Authors: Mauro A S S Ravagnani, Aline P. Silva, José A. CaballeroAbstract:Due to their resistant manufacturing features and design flexibility, shell and tube heat exchangers are the most used heat transfer equipment in industrial processes. They are also easy adaptable to operational conditions. In this way, the design of shell and tube heat exchangers is a very important subject in industrial processes. Nevertheless, some difficulties are found, especially in the shell-side design, because of the complex characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop. Figure 1 shows an example of this kind of equipment. In designing shell and tube heat exchangers, to calculate the heat exchange area, some Methods were proposed in the literature. Bell-Delaware is the most complete shell and tube heat exchanger design Method. It is based on mechanical shell side details and presents more realistic and accurate results for the shell side film heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. Figure 2 presents the Method flow model, that considers different streams: leakages between tubes and baffles, bypass of the tube bundle without cross flow, leakages between shell and baffles, leakages due to more than one tube passes and the main stream, and tube bundle cross flow. These streams do not occur in so well defined regions, but interacts ones to others, needing a complex mathematical treatment to represent the real shell side flow. In the majority of published papers as well as in industrial applications, heat transfer coefficients are estimated, based, generally on literature tables. These values have always a large degree of uncertainty. So, more realistic values can be obtained if these coefficients are not estimated, but calculated during the design task. A few number of papers present shell and tube heat exchanger design including overall heat transfer coefficient calculations (Polley et al., 1990, Polley and Panjeh Shah, 1991, Jegede and Polley, 1992, and Panjeh Shah, 1992, Ravagnani, 1994, Ravagnani et al. (2003), Mizutani et al., 2003, Serna and Jimenez, 2004, Ravagnani and Caballero, 2007a, and Ravagnani et al., 2009). In this chapter, the work of Ravagnani (1994) will be used as a base to the design of the shell and tube heat exchangers. A systematic procedure was developed using the Bell-Delaware Method. Overall and individual heat transfer coefficients are calculated based on a TEMA (TEMA, 1998) tube counting table, as proposed in Ravagnani et al. (2009), beginning with the smallest heat exchanger with the biggest number of tube passes, to use all the pressure drop
-
Optimal Design of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2009Co-Authors: Mauro A S S Ravagnani, Aline P. Silva, Evaristo C. Biscaia, José A. CaballeroAbstract:In this paper, the shell-and-tube heat exchangers design is formulated as an optimization problem and solved with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The objective is to minimize the global cost including area cost and pumping cost or just area minimization, depending on data availability, rigorously following the standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association and respecting pressure drops and fouling limits. Given fluids temperatures, flow rates, physical properties (density, heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity), pressure drop and fouling limits, and area cost data, the proposed Methodology calculates the optimal mechanical and thermal-hydraulic variables. The Bell−Delaware Method is used for the shell-side calculations. Some literature cases are studied and results show that in this type of problem, with a very large number of nonlinear equations, the PSO algorithm presents better results, avoiding local minima.
-
A MINLP Model for the Rigorous Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Using the Tema Standards
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2007Co-Authors: Mauro A S S Ravagnani, José A. CaballeroAbstract:In this paper a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model is proposed for the design of shell and tube heat exchangers. The model rigorously follows the TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association) Standards and Bell-Delaware Method is used to the shell side calculations. Mechanical design features (shell and tube bundle diameters, internal and external tube diameters, tubes length, pitch and tube arrangement, number of tubes and tube passes) and thermal-hydraulic variables (heat, area, individual and overall heat transfer coefficients, shell and tube pressure drops and fouling) are variables to be optimized. The equipment is designed under pressure drop and fouling limits. Three cases from the literature are studied, with two different objective functions, considering just the heat transfer area minimization or the annual cost minimization, including area and pumping expenses. More realistic values are obtained when compared with the literature, considering fouling and pressure drop effects according to TEMA Standards.
Mauro A S S Ravagnani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Optimal Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Design
Heat Analysis and Thermodynamic Effects, 2011Co-Authors: Mauro A S S Ravagnani, Aline P. Silva, José A. CaballeroAbstract:Due to their resistant manufacturing features and design flexibility, shell and tube heat exchangers are the most used heat transfer equipment in industrial processes. They are also easy adaptable to operational conditions. In this way, the design of shell and tube heat exchangers is a very important subject in industrial processes. Nevertheless, some difficulties are found, especially in the shell-side design, because of the complex characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop. Figure 1 shows an example of this kind of equipment. In designing shell and tube heat exchangers, to calculate the heat exchange area, some Methods were proposed in the literature. Bell-Delaware is the most complete shell and tube heat exchanger design Method. It is based on mechanical shell side details and presents more realistic and accurate results for the shell side film heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. Figure 2 presents the Method flow model, that considers different streams: leakages between tubes and baffles, bypass of the tube bundle without cross flow, leakages between shell and baffles, leakages due to more than one tube passes and the main stream, and tube bundle cross flow. These streams do not occur in so well defined regions, but interacts ones to others, needing a complex mathematical treatment to represent the real shell side flow. In the majority of published papers as well as in industrial applications, heat transfer coefficients are estimated, based, generally on literature tables. These values have always a large degree of uncertainty. So, more realistic values can be obtained if these coefficients are not estimated, but calculated during the design task. A few number of papers present shell and tube heat exchanger design including overall heat transfer coefficient calculations (Polley et al., 1990, Polley and Panjeh Shah, 1991, Jegede and Polley, 1992, and Panjeh Shah, 1992, Ravagnani, 1994, Ravagnani et al. (2003), Mizutani et al., 2003, Serna and Jimenez, 2004, Ravagnani and Caballero, 2007a, and Ravagnani et al., 2009). In this chapter, the work of Ravagnani (1994) will be used as a base to the design of the shell and tube heat exchangers. A systematic procedure was developed using the Bell-Delaware Method. Overall and individual heat transfer coefficients are calculated based on a TEMA (TEMA, 1998) tube counting table, as proposed in Ravagnani et al. (2009), beginning with the smallest heat exchanger with the biggest number of tube passes, to use all the pressure drop
-
Optimal Design of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2009Co-Authors: Mauro A S S Ravagnani, Aline P. Silva, Evaristo C. Biscaia, José A. CaballeroAbstract:In this paper, the shell-and-tube heat exchangers design is formulated as an optimization problem and solved with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The objective is to minimize the global cost including area cost and pumping cost or just area minimization, depending on data availability, rigorously following the standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association and respecting pressure drops and fouling limits. Given fluids temperatures, flow rates, physical properties (density, heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity), pressure drop and fouling limits, and area cost data, the proposed Methodology calculates the optimal mechanical and thermal-hydraulic variables. The Bell−Delaware Method is used for the shell-side calculations. Some literature cases are studied and results show that in this type of problem, with a very large number of nonlinear equations, the PSO algorithm presents better results, avoiding local minima.
-
A MINLP Model for the Rigorous Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Using the Tema Standards
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2007Co-Authors: Mauro A S S Ravagnani, José A. CaballeroAbstract:In this paper a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model is proposed for the design of shell and tube heat exchangers. The model rigorously follows the TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association) Standards and Bell-Delaware Method is used to the shell side calculations. Mechanical design features (shell and tube bundle diameters, internal and external tube diameters, tubes length, pitch and tube arrangement, number of tubes and tube passes) and thermal-hydraulic variables (heat, area, individual and overall heat transfer coefficients, shell and tube pressure drops and fouling) are variables to be optimized. The equipment is designed under pressure drop and fouling limits. Three cases from the literature are studied, with two different objective functions, considering just the heat transfer area minimization or the annual cost minimization, including area and pumping expenses. More realistic values are obtained when compared with the literature, considering fouling and pressure drop effects according to TEMA Standards.
-
Detailed equipment design in heat exchanger networks synthesis and optimisation
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2003Co-Authors: Mauro A S S Ravagnani, A. P. D'silva, Araújo AndradeAbstract:Abstract In heat exchanger network synthesis, important features like pressure drop and fouling effects are usually neglected. In this work a new Methodology is proposed to include these effects in grassroots as in retrofit designs. Heat exchangers are detailed designed during the heat exchanger network synthesis. Pinch analysis is used to obtain the heat exchangers network with the maximum energy recovery, and a new systematic procedure is proposed to the identification and loop breaking. Bell–Delaware Method for the shell side is used to design the heat exchangers. An example of the literature was studied and the results show differences between heat exchangers, with and without the detailed design, relative to heat transfer area, fouling and pressure drop. The great contribution of this work is that individual and global heat transfer coefficients are always calculated, in despite of the current literature, where these value are assumed in the design step. Moreover, the Methodology proposed to the heat exchangers design assures the minor heat exchanger according to TEMA standards, contributing to the minimisation of the heat exchanger network global annual cost. Finely, the new heat exchanger network considering pressure drops and fouling effects presents values more realistic then those one neglecting the equipment detailed design.
Marc A Rosen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
techno economic optimization of a shell and tube heat exchanger by genetic and particle swarm algorithms
Energy Conversion and Management, 2015Co-Authors: H Sadeghzadeh, M A Ehyaei, Marc A RosenAbstract:The use of genetic and particle swarm algorithms in the design of techno-economically optimum shell-and-tube heat exchangers is demonstrated. A cost function (including costs of the heat exchanger based on surface area and power consumption to overcome pressure drops) is the objective function, which is to be minimized. Selected decision variables include tube diameter, central baffles spacing and shell diameter. The Delaware Method is used to calculate the heat transfer coefficient and the shell-side pressure drop. The accuracy and efficiency of the suggested algorithm and the Delaware Method are investigated. A comparison of the results obtained by the two algorithms shows that results obtained with the particle swarm optimization Method are superior to those obtained with the genetic algorithm Method. By comparing these results with those from various references employing the Kern Method and other algorithms, it is shown that the Delaware Method accompanied by genetic and particle swarm algorithms achieves more optimum results, based on assessments for two case studies.
Liliane M. F. Lona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The economics of the detailed design of heat exchanger networks using the Bell Delaware Method
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2000Co-Authors: Marcia C. Roque, Liliane M. F. LonaAbstract:Abstract Pich technology has proven to be an important anduseful tool in the reduction of energy consumption in the chemical industry. However, heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis may not always be economically possible, since the costs of installing new heat exchange units, pipes and pumps can be extremely high. For this reason, other tools are necessary to try to make the final costs of the problem table to detect the pinch temperatures. This software defines a HEN for the process for the case of stream splitting and evaluates the economics of this procedure based on maximum energy recovery, compared with the results obtained when streams are not split. This analysis is based on calculation of the minimum heat transfer area and the cost of the equipment, which are compared with the costs involved in hot and cold utilities usage. The impact of the heat transfer coefficient on the final project was also taken into account and a comparison was made between values calculated using the Kern Method and those calculated according to the Bell Delaware Method for the shell side. Furthermore, loop breaking can provide the engineering with another useful economic tool, since it eliminates excess exchangers and transfers the heat load to another exchanger.
-
Synthesis of heat exchanger networks considering stream splitting and the rigorous calculation of the heat transfer coefficient according to the bell Delaware Method
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2000Co-Authors: Marcia C. Roque, Liliane M. F. LonaAbstract:Abstract On the context of cost minimization and maximum profit, connected to the interest about the preservation of the environment we live in, the minimization of energy consumption in a chemical industry is placed according to the new market trends. The concept of Pinch Analysis fits in this new scenery as a tool to define the least quantity of hot and cold utilities, as well as the number of heat exchangers to be used in the plant, in order to use the energy of the own process for the many heat exchange operations going on this process. On the present work, a software was developed to work with the heuristics of Pinch Analysis and with the concept of Problem Table, to detect the Pinch temperatures. This software defines a Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) for the process and consider the stream splitting taking into account the economic evaluation of this procedure which focus on the maximum energy recovery compared with the results obtained for the case of not splitting the streams. This analysis is based on the calculation of the minimum heat transfer area and the cost of the equipment which are compared with the costs involving hot and cold utilities usage. Another aspect that was taken into account was the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient according to the Bell Delaware Method for the shell side and the comparison between the results obtained by using its value.
M Serna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Optimal design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers using genetic algorithms
16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, 2006Co-Authors: J.m. Ponce, M Serna, V. Rico, A JimenezAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an approach based on genetic algorithms for the optimal design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The proposed approach uses a compact formulation of the Bell-Delaware Method to describe the shell-side flow pattern. The optimization procedure involves the determination of suitable values of major geometric parameters such as the number of tubes passes, standard internal and external tube diameters, tube layout and pitch, type of head, fluid allocation, number of sealing strips, inlet and outlet baffle spacing, and shell-side and tube-side pressure drops. The proposed Methodology takes into account several geometric and operational constraints typically recommended by design codes, and may provide global optimum solutions as opposed to local optimum solutions that are typically obtained with many other optimization Methods. An example previously solved with a disjunctive programming Method is used to show the application of the proposed approach. The results show how the previous design was significantly improved through the use of the optimization approach based on genetic algorithms.
-
A hybrid Methodology for detailed heat exchanger design in the optimal synthesis of heat exchanger networks
16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, 2006Co-Authors: J.m. García, J.m. Ponce, M SernaAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a hybrid Method for the synthesis and optimization of heat exchanger networks, which includes detailed design of heat exchangers. This task is achieved by combining the pinch design Method with mathematical programming techniques, together with an optimal design algorithm of shell and tube heat exchangers based on the rigorous Bell-Delaware Method. As result, the stream pressure drops are treated as optimization variables. Thus, the capital cost of the pumping devices and the electricity cost to run these equipments are considered in this problem together with the costs for heat exchanger area and utility consumption. The problem is decomposed as a binary tree, where each node is categorized as either capital-dominant or energydominant problem. Subsequent decomposition of each node is determined by this dominance. The final design is obtained recursively applying a design algorithm from child nodes to their parent node. The match-selection procedure is a hybrid Method that exhibits some of the features of both evolutionary and mathematical programming Methods. The Method starts allocating matches using an IP assignment model. This step is then followed by an evolutionary procedure in which the remaining selections of the design are treated as new problems. The process is repeated until no savings can be discovered. The Method avoids the solution of complex MINLP models, and consequently it is possible to solve large problems. Furthermore, it readily copes with typical constraints, such as forbidden matches and imposed matches. Therefore, safety and layout considerations are easily incorporated into the design.
-
a compact formulation of the bell Delaware Method for heat exchanger design and optimization
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2005Co-Authors: M Serna, A JimenezAbstract:An analytical expression that relates the pressure drop, the exchanger area and the film heat transfer coefficient for the shell side of a shell and tube heat exchanger is reported. The equation has been developed based on the Bell–Delaware Method, and may aid significantly in tasks such as heat exchanger design and optimization procedures. The mathematical approach used for this formulation can be extended to other heat exchanger systems to provide suitable compact pressure drop relationships. The use of the compact formulation within design and optimization algorithms is illustrated.
-
A Compact Formulation of the Bell–Delaware Method for Heat Exchanger Design and Optimization
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2005Co-Authors: M Serna, A JimenezAbstract:An analytical expression that relates the pressure drop, the exchanger area and the film heat transfer coefficient for the shell side of a shell and tube heat exchanger is reported. The equation has been developed based on the Bell–Delaware Method, and may aid significantly in tasks such as heat exchanger design and optimization procedures. The mathematical approach used for this formulation can be extended to other heat exchanger systems to provide suitable compact pressure drop relationships. The use of the compact formulation within design and optimization algorithms is illustrated.