The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Adam Michael Auerbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Neighborhood Associations and the Urban Poor: India’s Slum Development Committees
World Development, 2017Co-Authors: Adam Michael AuerbachAbstract:Summary How do slum dwellers organize and Demand Development from the state? The politics of urban slums has primarily been examined through the lens of clientelism. In contrast, associational activity has gone relatively understudied in these spaces, reserved instead as a focus of inquiry for middle-class neighborhoods. Drawing on twenty months of fieldwork and an original survey of 1,925 residents across 80 settlements in the north Indian cities of Jaipur, Rajasthan and Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, I find that local associations are prevalent features of political life in India’s slums. These associations—colloquially referred to as katchi basti vikas samitiyaan , or slum Development committees—afford residents a degree of organizational formality in otherwise informal spaces. They provide a medium for making individual and collective claims on the state. While patron–client networks do pervade slums, this study demonstrates that vertical ties co-exist with horizontal associations, producing a multi-dimensional space in which residents mitigate risk and Demand Development.
-
clients and communities the political economy of party network organization and Development in india s urban slums
World Politics, 2016Co-Authors: Adam Michael AuerbachAbstract:India’s urban slums exhibit dramatic variation in their levels of infrastructural Development and access to public services. Why are some vulnerable communities able to Demand and secure Development from the state while others fail to? Based on ethnographic fieldwork and original household survey data, the author finds that party networks significantly influence the ability of poor urban communities to organize and Demand Development. In slums with dense party networks, competition among party workers generates a degree of accountability in local patronclient hierarchies that encourages Development. Dense party networks also strengthen organizational capacity and provide settlements with vertical connectivity to politicians and officials. The presence of multiparty networks, however, may attenuate the positive influence of party network density. Interviews with political elites and the survey data suggest that politicians are less likely to provide services to slums with multiparty networks. From within settlements, partisan competition also creates perverse incentives for rival networks to undermine each other’s Development efforts. This article contributes to scholarship on clientelism, which has overlooked variation in the density and partisan balance of patron-client networks across poor urban communities and the resulting divergences in democratic responsiveness and Development that face those communities. It also contributes to research on distributive politics and the political economy of Development.
Werner Rothengatter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
TRANSPORT Demand Development IN GERMANY AFTER THE UNIFICATION.
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 1994Co-Authors: Werner RothengatterAbstract:Abstract The political changes in European east-west relations after opening the borders will be reflected in new dimensions of economic activity and commercial exchange. This will have far-reaching consequences for the Development of transport in the east-west direction in Europe. The German Ministry of Transport has charged a team of consulting companies and University Institutes to work out an integrated master plan for the unified Germany. The forecasts which have been performed for this master plan will be presented in this article. They consist of a forecast of the socioeconomic Development in German and European regions, of predicting the car ownership and deriving the traffic volumes and kilometers traveled in passenger's and good's transport as well as the spatial distribution of transport flows. These data are generated for the major transport modes such that the resulting flow matrices can be used as a base for the traffic assignment. All models used are policy sensitive such that they can produce consistent patterns of transport activities for every set of infrastructure/regulation policies. This property has been used to develop the first master plan for the federal transport infrastructure in the unified Germany.
Nico Bauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Assessment of transformation strategies for the German power sector under the uncertainty of Demand Development and technology availability
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvie Ludig, Eva Schmid, Markus Haller, Nico BauerAbstract:Abstract The long-term energy strategy issued by the German government in 2010 and 2011 embraces a substantial reduction of CO 2 emissions and high shares of renewable energy in electricity production, along with energy efficiency improvements and an accelerated nuclear phase-out. While several studies illustrate scenarios reaching these targets, there are substantial uncertainties pertaining to key assumptions, particularly long-term electricity Demand and the large-scale availability of offshore wind and carbon capture and storage (CCS). This paper explores conditions under which model-based scenarios for the German electricity sector comply with the official targets for CO 2 emission reductions and renewable shares. We apply the energy system model LIMES-D, which allows for a joint optimization of generation and transmission capacities. The results indicate that reducing electricity Demand plays a crucial role for attaining the government׳s targets. Scenarios for which either offshore wind or CCS is not available show an even stronger need for a decreasing electricity Demand to reach the targets and a different pattern of transmission capacity expansion than is the case with full technology availability. Hence, a broad technology portfolio could in turn hedge against future power Demand increases that may challenge the joint attainment of the German decarbonization and renewable energy targets.
Christian Breyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
global transportation Demand Development with impacts on the energy Demand and greenhouse gas emissions in a climate constrained world
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Siavash Khalili, Eetu Rantanen, Dmitrii Bogdanov, Christian BreyerAbstract:The pivotal target of the Paris Agreement is to keep temperature rise well below 2 °C above the pre-industrial level and pursue efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5 °C. To meet this target, all energy-consuming sectors, including the transport sector, need to be restructured. The transport sector accounted for 19% of the global final energy Demand in 2015, of which the vast majority was supplied by fossil fuels (around 31,080 TWh). Fossil-fuel consumption leads to greenhouse gas emissions, which accounted for about 8260 MtCO2eq from the transport sector in 2015. This paper examines the transportation Demand that can be expected and how alternative transportation technologies along with new sustainable energy sources can impact the energy Demand and emissions trend in the transport sector until 2050. Battery-electric vehicles and fuel-cell electric vehicles are the two most promising technologies for the future on roads. Electric ships and airplanes for shorter distances and hydrogen-based synthetic fuels for longer distances may appear around 2030 onwards to reduce the emissions from the marine and aviation transport modes. The rail mode will remain the least energy-Demanding, compared to other transport modes. An ambitious scenario for achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 is applied, also demonstrating the very high relevance of direct and indirect electrification of the transport sector. Fossil-fuel Demand can be reduced to zero by 2050; however, the electricity Demand is projected to rise from 125 TWhel in 2015 to about 51,610 TWhel in 2050, substantially driven by indirect electricity Demand for the production of synthetic fuels. While the transportation Demand roughly triples from 2015 to 2050, substantial efficiency gains enable an almost stable final energy Demand for the transport sector, as a consequence of broad electrification. The overall well-to-wheel efficiency in the transport sector increases from 26% in 2015 to 39% in 2050, resulting in a respective reduction of overall losses from primary energy to mechanical energy in vehicles. Power-to-fuels needed mainly for marine and aviation transport is not a significant burden for overall transport sector efficiency. The primary energy base of the transport sector switches in the next decades from fossil resources to renewable electricity, driven by higher efficiency and sustainability.
Thomas Nolan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
using a bundle approach to improve ventilator care processes and reduce ventilator associated pneumonia
The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 2005Co-Authors: Roger Resar, Peter J Pronovost, Carol Haraden, Terri Simmonds, Tom Rainey, Thomas NolanAbstract:Article-at-a-Glance Background A "bundle" of ventilator care processes (peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, elevation of the head of the bed, and a sedation vacation), which may also reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates, can serve as a focus for improvement strategies in intensive care units (ICUs). Between July 2002 and January 2004, teams of critical care clinicians from 61 health care organizations participated in a collaborative on improving care in the ICU. Methods ICU team members posted data monthly on a Web-based extranet and submitted narrative descriptions describing the changes tested and the strategies implemented. Results For the 35 units that consistently collected data on ventilator bundle element adherence and VAP rates, an average 44.5% reduction of VAP was observed. Discussion The goal-oriented nature of the bundle appears to Demand Development of the teamwork necessary to improve reliability. The observations seem sufficiently robust to support implementing the ventilator bundles to provide a focus for additional change in ICUs.