The Experts below are selected from a list of 49317 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

F. Cheston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • WDM deployment in the local exchange network
    IEEE Communications Magazine, 1998
    Co-Authors: P.v. Hatton, F. Cheston
    Abstract:

    This article examines the complex issues surrounding deployment of wavelength-division multiplexing technology in the local exchange network. It discusses Demand, Economics, technology advantages/disadvantages, saleability, operations, interoperability, and optical networking. The emphasis is on Economics and manageability. After a review of these issues, the article looks forward to the optical network in a multi-vendor interoperable environment and to the continuing evolution of standards that will expedite the deployment of optical networking technology.

  • M Deployment in the Local
    1998
    Co-Authors: P.v. Hatton, F. Cheston
    Abstract:

    TRACT This article examines the complex issues surroundinq deployment of wavelength-division multiplexing technology in the local exchange network. It discusses Demand, Economics, technology advantagesidisadvantages, salability, operations, interoperability, and optical networking. The emphasis is on Economics and manageability. After a review of these issues, the article looks forward to the optical network in a multivendor interoDerable environment and to the continuina evolution of standards that will long term; but currently, the suitability expedite the deployment of optical networking technoloiy. his article examines the complexities surrounding T deployment of wave-division multiplexing (WDM) technology in the local exchange carrier’s (LEC’s) network. Because the authors are familiar with the characteristics and requirements of the Bell Atlantic network, the article is written from a Bell Atlantic perspective. While there may be some differences in how and when the technology is deployed, we feel that our network is representative of the issues the LECs face in deploying WDM systems. Dense WDM (DWDM) is emerging as the technology of choice for increasing fiber plant capacity in long-haul carriers’ networks. DWDM creates multiple optical circuit paths within a single fiber using wavelengths in the 1550 nm range. Each wavelength in the fiber may be considered a virtual fiber. Long-haul carriers compared the expense of laying new fibers with many optoelectronic repeaters on each fiber to placing WDM systems and a few Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) on long fiber spans. The WDM solution was clearly the most economical solution. However, until recently, the economic logic used by longhaul carriers did not apply in local exchange networks. The spans in the local exchange network are, on average, shorter than long-haul network spans. In response to the architectural differences in the long-haul carriers’ and LECs’ networks, DWDM system vendors have recently announced “metro” DWDM systems which are engineered and priced differently than the systems designed for long-haul spans. It is the new “metro” systems that are being evaluated for deployment in the local exchange network. It has generally been agreed that deployment of DWDM technology in the local exchange networks would occur when the offered technology was:

Hideaki Koizumi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ethical considerations of neuroscience research: The perspectives on neuroethics in Japan
    Neuroscience research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Tamami Fukushi, Osamu Sakura, Hideaki Koizumi
    Abstract:

    Recent technologies and developments in neuroscience have contributed to remarkable scientific discoveries, and have also raised many new philosophical, ethical, legal, and social issues. Research in "neuroethics" has identified various ethical issues, which will be difficult for current biomedical ethics to resolve from both an experimental and a social perspective, such as criminal applications of brain scans, incidental findings during non-clinical brain imaging, and cognitive enhancement. Although American and European neuroscience societies have demonstrated immediate, concrete reactions to these ethical issues, including academic conferences, study programs, and publications, Japanese neuroscientists have so far produced little response. Ethics is tightly linked with one's religion, nationality, culture, and social background, whereas science is tightly linked with the Demand, Economics, and politics of the society to which individuals belong. Taken together, it is important and necessary for Japanese neuroscientists to consider the ethical problems in Japanese neuroscience. In this paper, we first review the history of neuroethics in the world, and then report the less-developed ethical issues in the Japanese neuroscience community, focusing on neuroimaging and manipulative neuroscience as a first step in discussing how to apply principles in neuroethics to this rapidly progressing field of research.

P.v. Hatton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • WDM deployment in the local exchange network
    IEEE Communications Magazine, 1998
    Co-Authors: P.v. Hatton, F. Cheston
    Abstract:

    This article examines the complex issues surrounding deployment of wavelength-division multiplexing technology in the local exchange network. It discusses Demand, Economics, technology advantages/disadvantages, saleability, operations, interoperability, and optical networking. The emphasis is on Economics and manageability. After a review of these issues, the article looks forward to the optical network in a multi-vendor interoperable environment and to the continuing evolution of standards that will expedite the deployment of optical networking technology.

  • M Deployment in the Local
    1998
    Co-Authors: P.v. Hatton, F. Cheston
    Abstract:

    TRACT This article examines the complex issues surroundinq deployment of wavelength-division multiplexing technology in the local exchange network. It discusses Demand, Economics, technology advantagesidisadvantages, salability, operations, interoperability, and optical networking. The emphasis is on Economics and manageability. After a review of these issues, the article looks forward to the optical network in a multivendor interoDerable environment and to the continuina evolution of standards that will long term; but currently, the suitability expedite the deployment of optical networking technoloiy. his article examines the complexities surrounding T deployment of wave-division multiplexing (WDM) technology in the local exchange carrier’s (LEC’s) network. Because the authors are familiar with the characteristics and requirements of the Bell Atlantic network, the article is written from a Bell Atlantic perspective. While there may be some differences in how and when the technology is deployed, we feel that our network is representative of the issues the LECs face in deploying WDM systems. Dense WDM (DWDM) is emerging as the technology of choice for increasing fiber plant capacity in long-haul carriers’ networks. DWDM creates multiple optical circuit paths within a single fiber using wavelengths in the 1550 nm range. Each wavelength in the fiber may be considered a virtual fiber. Long-haul carriers compared the expense of laying new fibers with many optoelectronic repeaters on each fiber to placing WDM systems and a few Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) on long fiber spans. The WDM solution was clearly the most economical solution. However, until recently, the economic logic used by longhaul carriers did not apply in local exchange networks. The spans in the local exchange network are, on average, shorter than long-haul network spans. In response to the architectural differences in the long-haul carriers’ and LECs’ networks, DWDM system vendors have recently announced “metro” DWDM systems which are engineered and priced differently than the systems designed for long-haul spans. It is the new “metro” systems that are being evaluated for deployment in the local exchange network. It has generally been agreed that deployment of DWDM technology in the local exchange networks would occur when the offered technology was:

Tamami Fukushi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ethical considerations of neuroscience research: The perspectives on neuroethics in Japan
    Neuroscience research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Tamami Fukushi, Osamu Sakura, Hideaki Koizumi
    Abstract:

    Recent technologies and developments in neuroscience have contributed to remarkable scientific discoveries, and have also raised many new philosophical, ethical, legal, and social issues. Research in "neuroethics" has identified various ethical issues, which will be difficult for current biomedical ethics to resolve from both an experimental and a social perspective, such as criminal applications of brain scans, incidental findings during non-clinical brain imaging, and cognitive enhancement. Although American and European neuroscience societies have demonstrated immediate, concrete reactions to these ethical issues, including academic conferences, study programs, and publications, Japanese neuroscientists have so far produced little response. Ethics is tightly linked with one's religion, nationality, culture, and social background, whereas science is tightly linked with the Demand, Economics, and politics of the society to which individuals belong. Taken together, it is important and necessary for Japanese neuroscientists to consider the ethical problems in Japanese neuroscience. In this paper, we first review the history of neuroethics in the world, and then report the less-developed ethical issues in the Japanese neuroscience community, focusing on neuroimaging and manipulative neuroscience as a first step in discussing how to apply principles in neuroethics to this rapidly progressing field of research.

Lin Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Theoretical Comparison of Supply Side Economics and Demand Side Economics
    New Supply Side Economics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Lin Xiao
    Abstract:

    The supply or Demand Economics discussed in this book refers to theories focusing the economic analysis and policies on the supply side or the Demand side. The so called “supply Economics” and “Demand Economics” may not be as popular as other terms in Economics, but they are used as a basis of the methods and terminology in the following research into “structural reform on the supply side”. In this chapter, we briefly review the theories of both supply and Demand Economics as well as the development of their branches, aiming to form the theoretical foundation and methodology for the new supply side Economics in China. Since the subject of research is “structural reform on the supply side”, this chapter does not cover all that belong to supply and Demand Economics but the relevant theories and researches, including: (1) supply and Demand in market mechanism; (2) basic theories of supply side Economics and Demand side Economics; (3) reflection and transcendence of supply side Economics and Demand side Economics; (4) the studies and discussions in the Chinese economic academia.