The Experts below are selected from a list of 71757 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robin Emsley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The relationships between antipsychotic dose and efficacy, and the time to treatment response
Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 2007Co-Authors: Robin EmsleyAbstract:This paper examines two aspects of antipsychotic treatment that have undergone revision based on recent research findings. The first concerns the relationship between the dose of antipsychotic medication and its efficacy. Evidence now exists that not all antipsychotics behave the same in this regard. For haloperidol and risperidone the near maximal effective dose appears to be much lower than originally thought, while for clozapine and olanzapine (and possibly quetiapine) increasing the dose above that normally prescribed may provide improved efficacy. The second aspect to be dealt with concerns the time it takes to the initial clinical response with antipsychotic treatment. There is compelling evidence that most patients respond rapidly, and a strong correlation has been described between early symptom reduction and later Outcome. This raises the possibility of developing an accurate model to predict treatment Outcome by combining early treatment response with other clinical and Demographic Outcome predictors. In diesem Manuskript werden zwei Aspekte der Behandlung mit Antipsychotika abgehandelt, die auf der Basis rezenter Untersuchungen einer Revision unterzogen wurden. Der erste betrifft die Dosiswirksamkeitsbeziehungen von Antipsychotika. Es gibt jetzt zunehmende Evidenz dafür, dass es hier Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Antipsychotika gibt. Die nahezu maximal effektive Dosis von Haloperidol und Risperidon erscheint deutlich niedriger als ursprünglich angenommen, während für Clozapin und Olanzapin (und möglicherweise auch für Quetiapin) Dosen oberhalb der üblicherweise verschriebenen zu einer optimierten Effektivität führen könnten. Der zweite Aspekt betrifft das Einsetzen der klinischen Wirksamkeit von Antipsychotika. Es kann jetzt als gut nachgewiesen gelten, dass die meisten Patienten rasch ansprechen. Zu dem wird eine starke Korrelation zwischen frühem Therapieansprechen und späteren Outcome beschrieben. Dies scheint die Möglichkeit zu eröffnen, ein treffsicheres Modell für den Therapieerfolg zu entwickeln.
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The relationships between antipsychotic dose and efficacy, and the time to treatment response
Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 2007Co-Authors: Robin EmsleyAbstract:This paper examines two aspects of antipsychotic treatment that have undergone revision based on recent research findings. The first concerns the relationship between the dose of antipsychotic medication and its efficacy. Evidence now exists that not all antipsychotics behave the same in this regard. For haloperidol and risperidone the near maximal effective dose appears to be much lower than originally thought, while for clozapine and olanzapine (and possibly quetiapine) increasing the dose above that normally prescribed may provide improved efficacy. The second aspect to be dealt with concerns the time it takes to the initial clinical response with antipsychotic treatment. There is compelling evidence that most patients respond rapidly, and a strong correlation has been described between early symptom reduction and later Outcome. This raises the possibility of developing an accurate model to predict treatment Outcome by combining early treatment response with other clinical and Demographic Outcome predictors.
Juha M. Alho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Demographic forecasts and fiscal policy rules
International Journal of Forecasting, 2014Co-Authors: Jukka Lassila, Tarmo Valkonen, Juha M. AlhoAbstract:All quantitative evaluations of fiscal sustainability that include the effects of population ageing must utilize Demographic forecasts. It is well known that such forecasts are uncertain, and some studies have taken that into account by using stochastic population projections jointly with economic models. We develop this approach further by introducing regular Demographic forecast revisions that are embedded in stochastic population projections. This allows us to separate, for each Demographic Outcome and under different policy rules, the expected and realized effects of population ageing on public finances. In our Finnish application, Demographic uncertainty produces a considerable sustainability risk. We consider policies that reduce the likelihood of getting highly indebted and demonstrate that, although Demographic forecasts are uncertain, they contain enough information to be useful in forward-looking policy rules.
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Fiscal sustainability and policy rules under changing Demographic forecasts
2011Co-Authors: Jukka Lassila, Tarmo Valkonen, Juha M. AlhoAbstract:All practical evaluations of fiscal sustainability that include the effects of population ageing must utilize Demographic forecasts. It is well known that such forecasts are uncertain, and that has been taken into account in some studies by using stochastic population projections jointly with economic models. We develop this approach further by introducing regular Demographic forecast revisions that are embedded in stochastic population projections. This allows us to separate systematically, in each Demographic Outcome and under different policy rules, the expected and the actualized effects of population ageing on public finances. We show that the likelihood of sustainability risks is significant, and that it would be wise to consider policies that reduce the likelihood of getting highly indebted. Furthermore, although Demographic forecasts are uncertain, they seem to contain enough information to be useful in forward-looking policy rules.
Jukka Lassila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Demographic forecasts and fiscal policy rules
International Journal of Forecasting, 2014Co-Authors: Jukka Lassila, Tarmo Valkonen, Juha M. AlhoAbstract:All quantitative evaluations of fiscal sustainability that include the effects of population ageing must utilize Demographic forecasts. It is well known that such forecasts are uncertain, and some studies have taken that into account by using stochastic population projections jointly with economic models. We develop this approach further by introducing regular Demographic forecast revisions that are embedded in stochastic population projections. This allows us to separate, for each Demographic Outcome and under different policy rules, the expected and realized effects of population ageing on public finances. In our Finnish application, Demographic uncertainty produces a considerable sustainability risk. We consider policies that reduce the likelihood of getting highly indebted and demonstrate that, although Demographic forecasts are uncertain, they contain enough information to be useful in forward-looking policy rules.
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Fiscal sustainability and policy rules under changing Demographic forecasts
2011Co-Authors: Jukka Lassila, Tarmo Valkonen, Juha M. AlhoAbstract:All practical evaluations of fiscal sustainability that include the effects of population ageing must utilize Demographic forecasts. It is well known that such forecasts are uncertain, and that has been taken into account in some studies by using stochastic population projections jointly with economic models. We develop this approach further by introducing regular Demographic forecast revisions that are embedded in stochastic population projections. This allows us to separate systematically, in each Demographic Outcome and under different policy rules, the expected and the actualized effects of population ageing on public finances. We show that the likelihood of sustainability risks is significant, and that it would be wise to consider policies that reduce the likelihood of getting highly indebted. Furthermore, although Demographic forecasts are uncertain, they seem to contain enough information to be useful in forward-looking policy rules.
Maxwell Boakye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in the use of bone morphogenetic protein as a substitute to autologous iliac crest bone grafting for spinal fusion procedures in the united states
Spine, 2011Co-Authors: Jay K Nathan, Maxwell BoakyeAbstract:STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for data related to spinal fusion procedures. OBJECTIVE: To identify trends in the use of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) versus iliac crest bone grafts in various spinal fusion procedures performed in the United States, explore stratification by patient Demographics, and analyze the impact on treatment cost. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: BMP has been shown to achieve better clinical Outcomes in anterior lumbar interbody fusions procedures, which led to its Food and Drug Administration approval for this indication in 2002. Since then, significant off-label use has occurred, without a full description of the results. METHODS: We searched the NIS for data relating to BMP administration or iliac crest bone grafting in a variety of spinal fusion procedures performed from 1993 to 2006, based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision classification. The NIS is the largest all-payer inpatient care database, with Demographic, Outcome, and cost data from approximately eight million annual patient discharges throughout the United States. Demographics among patients treated with BMP versus iliac crest bone graft were compared to reduce the likelihood of bias in the analysis. RESULTS: BMP became applied more frequently in each type of spinal fusion procedure examined over our study period, with the exception of anterior lumbar interbody fusions. Patients receiving iliac crest bone grafts versus BMP exhibited very similar Demographic characteristics, including age, socioeconomic status, and type of health care setting. Although BMP typically increased the cost of the procedure itself, it improved Outcomes and shorter hospital stays often provided a net benefit. CONCLUSION: BMP is increasingly being used in spinal fusion procedures, including ones for which it is not officially approved, because of the surgical and postsurgical benefits it provides. Given the morbidity that this may entail, monitoring Outcomes trends will help to inform guidelines for BMP use and ensure that its benefits continue to outweigh its costs.
Kosali Simon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Impact of the Affordable Care Act Young Adult Provision on Childbearing: Evidence From Tax Data
Demography, 2018Co-Authors: Bradley Heim, Ithai Lurie, Kosali SimonAbstract:We use panel U.S. tax data spanning 2008–2013 to study the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) young adult provision on an important Demographic Outcome: childbearing. The impact is theoretically ambiguous: gaining insurance may increase access to contraceptive services while also reducing the out-of-pocket costs of childbirth. Because employer-reported U.S. Wage and Tax Statements (W-2 forms) record access to employer-provided benefits, we can examine the impact of the coverage expansion by focusing on young adults whose parents have access to benefits. We compare those who are slightly younger than the age threshold with those who are slightly older. Our results suggest that the ACA young adult provision led to a modest decrease in childbearing.