The Experts below are selected from a list of 237 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Kyosuke Momota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mechanisms underlying predator-driven biotic resistance against introduced barnacles on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido, Japan
    Biological Invasions, 2019
    Co-Authors: Takefumi Yorisue, Julius A. Ellrich, Kyosuke Momota
    Abstract:

    Introduced species are a major threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Thus, understanding biotic resistance (i.e. the ability of native species to limit introduced species) is a central goal of invasion biology. This paper examines mechanisms underlying biotic resistance. Consumption can limit introduced prey provided that native predators prefer such prey. Furthermore, predator nonconsumptive effects (NCEs), mediated through predator-released cues perceived by prey, can limit prey recruitment, a key Demographic Process for prey populations. However, information on predator NCEs is largely absent in the context of recruitment in introduced prey. Working on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido (Japan), we addressed this knowledge gap using native predatory dogwhelks ( Nucella lima ) that prey on native barnacles ( Chthamalus dalli ) and introduced barnacles ( Balanus glandula ). We experimentally examined dogwhelk preferences for barnacles in the laboratory and dogwhelk NCEs on barnacle recruitment in the field. We found that N. lima preferred B. glandula over C. dalli , likely as B. glandula prey is more profitable, as suggested by previous findings in congeneric dogwhelks. Moreover, we found that N. lima NCEs limited recruit density in C. dalli and B. glandula , likely as barnacle larvae moved away from dogwhelk cues to reduce future predation risk. Our study suggests that predator prey preferences and predator nonconsumptive limitation of prey recruitment are two mechanisms that can contribute to predator-driven biotic resistance against introduced prey.

Takefumi Yorisue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mechanisms underlying predator-driven biotic resistance against introduced barnacles on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido, Japan
    Biological Invasions, 2019
    Co-Authors: Takefumi Yorisue, Julius A. Ellrich, Kyosuke Momota
    Abstract:

    Introduced species are a major threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Thus, understanding biotic resistance (i.e. the ability of native species to limit introduced species) is a central goal of invasion biology. This paper examines mechanisms underlying biotic resistance. Consumption can limit introduced prey provided that native predators prefer such prey. Furthermore, predator nonconsumptive effects (NCEs), mediated through predator-released cues perceived by prey, can limit prey recruitment, a key Demographic Process for prey populations. However, information on predator NCEs is largely absent in the context of recruitment in introduced prey. Working on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido (Japan), we addressed this knowledge gap using native predatory dogwhelks ( Nucella lima ) that prey on native barnacles ( Chthamalus dalli ) and introduced barnacles ( Balanus glandula ). We experimentally examined dogwhelk preferences for barnacles in the laboratory and dogwhelk NCEs on barnacle recruitment in the field. We found that N. lima preferred B. glandula over C. dalli , likely as B. glandula prey is more profitable, as suggested by previous findings in congeneric dogwhelks. Moreover, we found that N. lima NCEs limited recruit density in C. dalli and B. glandula , likely as barnacle larvae moved away from dogwhelk cues to reduce future predation risk. Our study suggests that predator prey preferences and predator nonconsumptive limitation of prey recruitment are two mechanisms that can contribute to predator-driven biotic resistance against introduced prey.

Julius A. Ellrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mechanisms underlying predator-driven biotic resistance against introduced barnacles on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido, Japan
    Biological Invasions, 2019
    Co-Authors: Takefumi Yorisue, Julius A. Ellrich, Kyosuke Momota
    Abstract:

    Introduced species are a major threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Thus, understanding biotic resistance (i.e. the ability of native species to limit introduced species) is a central goal of invasion biology. This paper examines mechanisms underlying biotic resistance. Consumption can limit introduced prey provided that native predators prefer such prey. Furthermore, predator nonconsumptive effects (NCEs), mediated through predator-released cues perceived by prey, can limit prey recruitment, a key Demographic Process for prey populations. However, information on predator NCEs is largely absent in the context of recruitment in introduced prey. Working on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido (Japan), we addressed this knowledge gap using native predatory dogwhelks ( Nucella lima ) that prey on native barnacles ( Chthamalus dalli ) and introduced barnacles ( Balanus glandula ). We experimentally examined dogwhelk preferences for barnacles in the laboratory and dogwhelk NCEs on barnacle recruitment in the field. We found that N. lima preferred B. glandula over C. dalli , likely as B. glandula prey is more profitable, as suggested by previous findings in congeneric dogwhelks. Moreover, we found that N. lima NCEs limited recruit density in C. dalli and B. glandula , likely as barnacle larvae moved away from dogwhelk cues to reduce future predation risk. Our study suggests that predator prey preferences and predator nonconsumptive limitation of prey recruitment are two mechanisms that can contribute to predator-driven biotic resistance against introduced prey.

D R Dahal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Demographic anthropology social demography in nepal overview and scope
    POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL, 2000
    Co-Authors: D R Dahal
    Abstract:

    As elsewhere in the world Demographic anthropology/social demography is an emerging new field of anthropology and demography in Nepal. This paper is an attempt to cover two major areas in this field. The first part of the paper is an overview of the type of population research (in the field of migration fertility and mortality) done by anthropologists in Nepal and their contributions to this new field over the years. The objective here is to provide some reading materials to students and teachers who are interested in this field. The second part of the paper argues that macro-Demographic research done in Nepal have given minimal attention on “cultural variables” which are so basic in understanding the Demographic Process. Finally the paper notes that there is a good scope of a graduate-level course in anthropological demography within Tribhuvan University in Nepal. (authors)

Sergei P Kapitza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the phenomenological theory of world population growth
    Physics-Uspekhi, 1996
    Co-Authors: Sergei P Kapitza
    Abstract:

    Of all global problems world population growth is the most significant. Demographic data describe this Process in a concise and quantitative way in its past and present. Analysing this development it is possible by applying the concepts of systems analysis and synergetics, to work out a mathematical model for a phenomenological description of the global Demographic Process and to project its trends into the future. Assuming self-similarity as the dynamic principle of development, growth can be described practically over the whole of human history, assuming the growth rate to be proportional to the square of the number of people. The large parameter of the theory and the effective size of a coherent population group is of the order of 105 and the microscopic parameter of the phenomenology is the human lifespan. The Demographic transition — a transition to a stabilised world population of some 14 billion in a foreseeable future — is a systemic singularity and is determined by the inherent pattern of growth of an open system, rather than by the lack of resources. The development of a quantitative nonlinear theory of the world population is of interest for interdisciplinary research in anthropology and demography, history and sociology, for population genetics and epidemiology, for studies in evolution of humankind and the origin of man. The model also provides insight into the stability of growth and the present predicament of humankind, and provides a setting for discussing the main global problems.