The Experts below are selected from a list of 42 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mahdi Alkaisi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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strip tillage effect on seedbed soil temperature and other soil physical properties
Soil & Tillage Research, 2005Co-Authors: Mark A. Licht, Mahdi AlkaisiAbstract:The no-tillage system is perceived as having lower soil temperatures, wetter soil conditions, and greater surface penetration resistance compared with conventional and other conservation tillage systems. Concerns associated with the effect of the no-tillage system on certain soil physical properties (i.e. soil temperature, moisture, and compaction) prompted this study to evaluate the effect of an alternative tillage system, strip-tillage, on these physical properties, compared with chisel plow and no-tillage systems. The study was conducted on two Iowa State University research and Demonstration Farms in 2001 and 2002. One site was at the Marsden Farm near Ames, where the soils were Nicollet loam (Aquic Hapludolls) and Webster silty clay loam (Typic Haplaquolls). The second site was at the Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm near Nashua, where the soils were Kenyon loam (Typic Hapludolls) and Floyd loam (Aquic Hapludolls). Soil temperature increased in the top 5 cm under strip-tillage (1.2–1.4 ◦ C) over no-tillage and it remained close to the chisel plow soil temperature. This increase in soil temperature contributed to an improvement in plant emergence rate index (ERI) under strip-tillage compared with no-tillage. The results show no significant differences in soil moisture status between the three tillage systems, although the strip-tillage soil profile has slightly greater moisture content than chisel plow. Moisture content through the soil profile particularly at the lower depths under all tillage treatments was greater than the plant available water (PAW). However, the changes in soil moisture storage were much greater with strip-tillage and chisel plow than no-tillage from post-emergence to preharvest at 0–30 and 0–120 cm. It was observed also that most change in soil moisture storage occurred between post-emergence and tasseling. Penetration resistance was similar for both strip-tillage and no-tillage, but commonly greater than chisel plow. In general, the findings show that strip-tillage can contribute effectively to improve plant emergence, similar to chisel plowing and conserve soil moisture effectively compared with no-tillage. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mark A. Licht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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strip tillage effect on seedbed soil temperature and other soil physical properties
Soil & Tillage Research, 2005Co-Authors: Mark A. Licht, Mahdi AlkaisiAbstract:The no-tillage system is perceived as having lower soil temperatures, wetter soil conditions, and greater surface penetration resistance compared with conventional and other conservation tillage systems. Concerns associated with the effect of the no-tillage system on certain soil physical properties (i.e. soil temperature, moisture, and compaction) prompted this study to evaluate the effect of an alternative tillage system, strip-tillage, on these physical properties, compared with chisel plow and no-tillage systems. The study was conducted on two Iowa State University research and Demonstration Farms in 2001 and 2002. One site was at the Marsden Farm near Ames, where the soils were Nicollet loam (Aquic Hapludolls) and Webster silty clay loam (Typic Haplaquolls). The second site was at the Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm near Nashua, where the soils were Kenyon loam (Typic Hapludolls) and Floyd loam (Aquic Hapludolls). Soil temperature increased in the top 5 cm under strip-tillage (1.2–1.4 ◦ C) over no-tillage and it remained close to the chisel plow soil temperature. This increase in soil temperature contributed to an improvement in plant emergence rate index (ERI) under strip-tillage compared with no-tillage. The results show no significant differences in soil moisture status between the three tillage systems, although the strip-tillage soil profile has slightly greater moisture content than chisel plow. Moisture content through the soil profile particularly at the lower depths under all tillage treatments was greater than the plant available water (PAW). However, the changes in soil moisture storage were much greater with strip-tillage and chisel plow than no-tillage from post-emergence to preharvest at 0–30 and 0–120 cm. It was observed also that most change in soil moisture storage occurred between post-emergence and tasseling. Penetration resistance was similar for both strip-tillage and no-tillage, but commonly greater than chisel plow. In general, the findings show that strip-tillage can contribute effectively to improve plant emergence, similar to chisel plowing and conserve soil moisture effectively compared with no-tillage. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
D P Farmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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research into and development of integrated farming systems for less intensive arable crop production experimental progress 1989 1994 and commercial implementation
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 1997Co-Authors: V W L Jordan, J A Hutcheon, G V Donaldson, D P FarmerAbstract:Abstract The less-Intensive Farming and Environment (LIFE) project is an interdisciplinary research study at IACR-Long Ashton designed to address, exploit and integrate interactions of farming system components, holistically, and to provide the technology for economically viable, ecologically acceptable and environmentally benign production systems. The first 5-year cycle was completed at harvest 1994. Over the 5-year period, adoption of less-intensive strategies based on integrated technology, reduced overall yields of wheat and oilseed rape by up to 18%, and yields of barley and oats by 11%. Nevertheless, production costs were also reduced by 32% and overall profitability was maintained. Within this period, substantial reductions (kg a.i. ha −1 ) in applied nitrogen (36%), herbicides (26%), fungicides (79%) and pesticides (78%) have been obtained over standard farm practices designed to reflect current arable crop production strategies. Data are presented on innovative strategies and decision-making processes, and their implementation in two commercial ‘Demonstration Farms’ in south-west England.
Sjöberg Oskar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Green manure cover cropping : Green manure cover cropping and carbon sequestration in Tanzanian small-holder agriculture.
2020Co-Authors: Sjöberg OskarAbstract:Small holder farmers in Tanzania face great challenges as the soil fertility decreases and they therefore consequently also experience a decrease in yields. The reasons for this can partly be traced back to climate change but also to a decline in nutrients and organic matter in the soil. The main research question of this study is if green manure cover cropping is an effective method for soil improvement and carbon sequestration? The thesis was commissioned by FIDA International. To answer the research question a literature study, interviews with professionals and a survey done among local small holder farmers were conducted. As a part of the literature study, previous research on green manure cover crops, carbon sequestration and adaptation was analysed. The interviews with the three professionals were done by me on-site in Tanzania. The survey was conducted by a local man as structured interviews with 44 participants in the Arusha region. In conclusion, green manure cover crops are an effective way to fight climate change and soil degradation. Long-term research should continue in a national Tanzanian context where the most important climate zones and soil types are included with the most important species and their combinations. In addition to the research, the mindsets of local small holder farmers and stakeholders should be affected for wider adaptation. This can be achieved through increased awareness and knowledge sharing through the use of lead- farmers and Demonstration Farms
V W L Jordan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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research into and development of integrated farming systems for less intensive arable crop production experimental progress 1989 1994 and commercial implementation
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 1997Co-Authors: V W L Jordan, J A Hutcheon, G V Donaldson, D P FarmerAbstract:Abstract The less-Intensive Farming and Environment (LIFE) project is an interdisciplinary research study at IACR-Long Ashton designed to address, exploit and integrate interactions of farming system components, holistically, and to provide the technology for economically viable, ecologically acceptable and environmentally benign production systems. The first 5-year cycle was completed at harvest 1994. Over the 5-year period, adoption of less-intensive strategies based on integrated technology, reduced overall yields of wheat and oilseed rape by up to 18%, and yields of barley and oats by 11%. Nevertheless, production costs were also reduced by 32% and overall profitability was maintained. Within this period, substantial reductions (kg a.i. ha −1 ) in applied nitrogen (36%), herbicides (26%), fungicides (79%) and pesticides (78%) have been obtained over standard farm practices designed to reflect current arable crop production strategies. Data are presented on innovative strategies and decision-making processes, and their implementation in two commercial ‘Demonstration Farms’ in south-west England.