The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

John N Maina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Alteration in vomeronasal system anatomy in alcelaphine antelopes: Correlation with alteration in chemosensory investigation
    Physiology & Behavior, 2003
    Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A Hart, John N Maina
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ruminants typically have an incisive papilla and incisive ducts located on the hard palate just behind the Dental Pad which are involved in transferring fluid-borne stimulus material from the oral cavity to the vomeronasal organs (VNOs) during flehmen. This behavior in males is presumably involved in the detection of chemosensory cues in female urine which indicate sexual status. Two species of alcelaphine antelopes, topi and Coke's hartebeest, were found to lack the incisive papilla and incisive ducts constituting the oral connection to the VNOs. This distinctive anatomical feature is complemented in these species not only by lack of flehmen behavior, but also a de-emphasis on chemosensory interest in female urine during sexual encounters. The common wildebeest, which is also an alcelaphine antelope, lacks the incisive papilla, but has small incisive ducts. Wildebeest males do perform flehmen to urine from females. However, during flehmen in the wildebeest, intermittent nostril licking apparently delivers the stimulus material to the VNOs via the nasal route, possibly compensating for reduced oral access to the VNOs. These observations on alcelaphine antelopes would appear to represent a unique feature among the world's ruminants.

K. Manimaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Report on Massive Outbreaks of FMD with Concurrent Mannhaemia hemolytica Infection among Cattle in Tamil Nadu
    LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 2020
    Co-Authors: K. Manimaran, J. Selvaraj, S. Jaisree, S. Hemalatha, A. Ramesh, K. Kumanan, G. Ravikumar, Samuel Masillomani Ronald, Theophilus Ananda Kumar, Saravanan Subramanian
    Abstract:

    Back ground: India has a huge resource of livestock and stands first globally in milk production, but reemergence of diseases like foot and mouth disease (FMD) causes a great concern and economic losses to the farmers. Three serotypes of FMD virus (O, A and Asia 1) are prevalent and serotype O was responsible for 80 per cent of confirmed outbreaks /cases in India. The highest incidence of the disease was seen in Southern region (31.5%) and during the month of September. Highest number of outbreaks (201) occurred in Tamil Nadu in the year 2007-08 caused by serotype O virus. FMD causes very high morbidity and mortality rate among young animals and the mortality rate is generally low in adult animals and seen with manifestation of infection limited to epithelial sites. However, In the present study an unusually high mortality among adult cattle due to FMD, complicated with Mannheimia hemolytica infection with specific myocardial lesions were discussed in several outbreaks of FMD in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Outbreaks of FMD occurred in various districts of Tamil Nadu during the period of October to December in the year 2013 causing large scale mortality among adult cross bred (Jersey cross and Holstein Friesian cross) cows, heifers and calves and detailed disease investigations were carried out .Samples were collected from ailing animals and dead animals for laboratory confirmation of the disease. The collected samples were subjected to isolation of bacteria, serology and molecular confirmation of the virus. Result:Affected animals showed characteristic lesions of FMD with multiple, focal to coalescing ulcers and erosions covered with shreds of epithelium and fibrin on the dorsum and lateral margins of the tongue, Dental Pad, hard palate, mucosa of lips and gums. Samples of vesicular fluid, oral and tongue epithelium and heart confirmed the presence of FMD type ‘O’ virus based on sandwich ELISA and multiplex PCR. Cultural examination of bacteriological samples revealed presence of Mannheimia hemolytica which was further confirmed by multiplex PCR. Out of 83 serum sample collected, 45 sera were positive for FMD by LPB ELISA, while 32 serum samples were positive for FMD by DIVA test. The sudden deaths among adult cattle and heifers during the FMD outbreak might be attributed to the severe myocarditis and the disease was controlled by following appropriate treatment and preventive measures.

  • An outbreak of peste des petitis ruminants in sheep and goats atSalem district of Tamil Nadu, India
    Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: K. Manimaran, J. Selvaraj, S. Jaisree, R. P. Aravindh Babu, S. Hemalatha, A. Raja, Parimal Roy
    Abstract:

    An unknown disease outbreak was reported in four villages of Salem district viz., Aranganoor, Athigaripatty, Avadathur and Amanikondalanpatty in Tamil Nadu State and subsequent mortality among the Mecheri breed of sheep and Tellichery breed of goat was investigated. The clinical signs observed among the animals were high fever, anorexia, profuse diarrhoea with bilateral mucopurulent oculonasal discharge. Bran like necrotic ulcers in the mucosa of oral cavity, tongue, Dental Pad was seen on necropsy. Samples were collected for laboratory based diagnostic assay and the investigation using RT-PCR confirmed the etiology as PPR. The Nucleoprotein gene of the virus was sequenced and phylogeny of the N gene sequence showed that the virus belongs to lineage IV PPRV.

S. Hemalatha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Report on Massive Outbreaks of FMD with Concurrent Mannhaemia hemolytica Infection among Cattle in Tamil Nadu
    LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 2020
    Co-Authors: K. Manimaran, J. Selvaraj, S. Jaisree, S. Hemalatha, A. Ramesh, K. Kumanan, G. Ravikumar, Samuel Masillomani Ronald, Theophilus Ananda Kumar, Saravanan Subramanian
    Abstract:

    Back ground: India has a huge resource of livestock and stands first globally in milk production, but reemergence of diseases like foot and mouth disease (FMD) causes a great concern and economic losses to the farmers. Three serotypes of FMD virus (O, A and Asia 1) are prevalent and serotype O was responsible for 80 per cent of confirmed outbreaks /cases in India. The highest incidence of the disease was seen in Southern region (31.5%) and during the month of September. Highest number of outbreaks (201) occurred in Tamil Nadu in the year 2007-08 caused by serotype O virus. FMD causes very high morbidity and mortality rate among young animals and the mortality rate is generally low in adult animals and seen with manifestation of infection limited to epithelial sites. However, In the present study an unusually high mortality among adult cattle due to FMD, complicated with Mannheimia hemolytica infection with specific myocardial lesions were discussed in several outbreaks of FMD in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Outbreaks of FMD occurred in various districts of Tamil Nadu during the period of October to December in the year 2013 causing large scale mortality among adult cross bred (Jersey cross and Holstein Friesian cross) cows, heifers and calves and detailed disease investigations were carried out .Samples were collected from ailing animals and dead animals for laboratory confirmation of the disease. The collected samples were subjected to isolation of bacteria, serology and molecular confirmation of the virus. Result:Affected animals showed characteristic lesions of FMD with multiple, focal to coalescing ulcers and erosions covered with shreds of epithelium and fibrin on the dorsum and lateral margins of the tongue, Dental Pad, hard palate, mucosa of lips and gums. Samples of vesicular fluid, oral and tongue epithelium and heart confirmed the presence of FMD type ‘O’ virus based on sandwich ELISA and multiplex PCR. Cultural examination of bacteriological samples revealed presence of Mannheimia hemolytica which was further confirmed by multiplex PCR. Out of 83 serum sample collected, 45 sera were positive for FMD by LPB ELISA, while 32 serum samples were positive for FMD by DIVA test. The sudden deaths among adult cattle and heifers during the FMD outbreak might be attributed to the severe myocarditis and the disease was controlled by following appropriate treatment and preventive measures.

  • An outbreak of peste des petitis ruminants in sheep and goats atSalem district of Tamil Nadu, India
    Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: K. Manimaran, J. Selvaraj, S. Jaisree, R. P. Aravindh Babu, S. Hemalatha, A. Raja, Parimal Roy
    Abstract:

    An unknown disease outbreak was reported in four villages of Salem district viz., Aranganoor, Athigaripatty, Avadathur and Amanikondalanpatty in Tamil Nadu State and subsequent mortality among the Mecheri breed of sheep and Tellichery breed of goat was investigated. The clinical signs observed among the animals were high fever, anorexia, profuse diarrhoea with bilateral mucopurulent oculonasal discharge. Bran like necrotic ulcers in the mucosa of oral cavity, tongue, Dental Pad was seen on necropsy. Samples were collected for laboratory based diagnostic assay and the investigation using RT-PCR confirmed the etiology as PPR. The Nucleoprotein gene of the virus was sequenced and phylogeny of the N gene sequence showed that the virus belongs to lineage IV PPRV.

S. Jaisree - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Report on Massive Outbreaks of FMD with Concurrent Mannhaemia hemolytica Infection among Cattle in Tamil Nadu
    LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 2020
    Co-Authors: K. Manimaran, J. Selvaraj, S. Jaisree, S. Hemalatha, A. Ramesh, K. Kumanan, G. Ravikumar, Samuel Masillomani Ronald, Theophilus Ananda Kumar, Saravanan Subramanian
    Abstract:

    Back ground: India has a huge resource of livestock and stands first globally in milk production, but reemergence of diseases like foot and mouth disease (FMD) causes a great concern and economic losses to the farmers. Three serotypes of FMD virus (O, A and Asia 1) are prevalent and serotype O was responsible for 80 per cent of confirmed outbreaks /cases in India. The highest incidence of the disease was seen in Southern region (31.5%) and during the month of September. Highest number of outbreaks (201) occurred in Tamil Nadu in the year 2007-08 caused by serotype O virus. FMD causes very high morbidity and mortality rate among young animals and the mortality rate is generally low in adult animals and seen with manifestation of infection limited to epithelial sites. However, In the present study an unusually high mortality among adult cattle due to FMD, complicated with Mannheimia hemolytica infection with specific myocardial lesions were discussed in several outbreaks of FMD in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Outbreaks of FMD occurred in various districts of Tamil Nadu during the period of October to December in the year 2013 causing large scale mortality among adult cross bred (Jersey cross and Holstein Friesian cross) cows, heifers and calves and detailed disease investigations were carried out .Samples were collected from ailing animals and dead animals for laboratory confirmation of the disease. The collected samples were subjected to isolation of bacteria, serology and molecular confirmation of the virus. Result:Affected animals showed characteristic lesions of FMD with multiple, focal to coalescing ulcers and erosions covered with shreds of epithelium and fibrin on the dorsum and lateral margins of the tongue, Dental Pad, hard palate, mucosa of lips and gums. Samples of vesicular fluid, oral and tongue epithelium and heart confirmed the presence of FMD type ‘O’ virus based on sandwich ELISA and multiplex PCR. Cultural examination of bacteriological samples revealed presence of Mannheimia hemolytica which was further confirmed by multiplex PCR. Out of 83 serum sample collected, 45 sera were positive for FMD by LPB ELISA, while 32 serum samples were positive for FMD by DIVA test. The sudden deaths among adult cattle and heifers during the FMD outbreak might be attributed to the severe myocarditis and the disease was controlled by following appropriate treatment and preventive measures.

  • An outbreak of peste des petitis ruminants in sheep and goats atSalem district of Tamil Nadu, India
    Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: K. Manimaran, J. Selvaraj, S. Jaisree, R. P. Aravindh Babu, S. Hemalatha, A. Raja, Parimal Roy
    Abstract:

    An unknown disease outbreak was reported in four villages of Salem district viz., Aranganoor, Athigaripatty, Avadathur and Amanikondalanpatty in Tamil Nadu State and subsequent mortality among the Mecheri breed of sheep and Tellichery breed of goat was investigated. The clinical signs observed among the animals were high fever, anorexia, profuse diarrhoea with bilateral mucopurulent oculonasal discharge. Bran like necrotic ulcers in the mucosa of oral cavity, tongue, Dental Pad was seen on necropsy. Samples were collected for laboratory based diagnostic assay and the investigation using RT-PCR confirmed the etiology as PPR. The Nucleoprotein gene of the virus was sequenced and phylogeny of the N gene sequence showed that the virus belongs to lineage IV PPRV.

J. Selvaraj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Report on Massive Outbreaks of FMD with Concurrent Mannhaemia hemolytica Infection among Cattle in Tamil Nadu
    LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 2020
    Co-Authors: K. Manimaran, J. Selvaraj, S. Jaisree, S. Hemalatha, A. Ramesh, K. Kumanan, G. Ravikumar, Samuel Masillomani Ronald, Theophilus Ananda Kumar, Saravanan Subramanian
    Abstract:

    Back ground: India has a huge resource of livestock and stands first globally in milk production, but reemergence of diseases like foot and mouth disease (FMD) causes a great concern and economic losses to the farmers. Three serotypes of FMD virus (O, A and Asia 1) are prevalent and serotype O was responsible for 80 per cent of confirmed outbreaks /cases in India. The highest incidence of the disease was seen in Southern region (31.5%) and during the month of September. Highest number of outbreaks (201) occurred in Tamil Nadu in the year 2007-08 caused by serotype O virus. FMD causes very high morbidity and mortality rate among young animals and the mortality rate is generally low in adult animals and seen with manifestation of infection limited to epithelial sites. However, In the present study an unusually high mortality among adult cattle due to FMD, complicated with Mannheimia hemolytica infection with specific myocardial lesions were discussed in several outbreaks of FMD in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Outbreaks of FMD occurred in various districts of Tamil Nadu during the period of October to December in the year 2013 causing large scale mortality among adult cross bred (Jersey cross and Holstein Friesian cross) cows, heifers and calves and detailed disease investigations were carried out .Samples were collected from ailing animals and dead animals for laboratory confirmation of the disease. The collected samples were subjected to isolation of bacteria, serology and molecular confirmation of the virus. Result:Affected animals showed characteristic lesions of FMD with multiple, focal to coalescing ulcers and erosions covered with shreds of epithelium and fibrin on the dorsum and lateral margins of the tongue, Dental Pad, hard palate, mucosa of lips and gums. Samples of vesicular fluid, oral and tongue epithelium and heart confirmed the presence of FMD type ‘O’ virus based on sandwich ELISA and multiplex PCR. Cultural examination of bacteriological samples revealed presence of Mannheimia hemolytica which was further confirmed by multiplex PCR. Out of 83 serum sample collected, 45 sera were positive for FMD by LPB ELISA, while 32 serum samples were positive for FMD by DIVA test. The sudden deaths among adult cattle and heifers during the FMD outbreak might be attributed to the severe myocarditis and the disease was controlled by following appropriate treatment and preventive measures.

  • An outbreak of peste des petitis ruminants in sheep and goats atSalem district of Tamil Nadu, India
    Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: K. Manimaran, J. Selvaraj, S. Jaisree, R. P. Aravindh Babu, S. Hemalatha, A. Raja, Parimal Roy
    Abstract:

    An unknown disease outbreak was reported in four villages of Salem district viz., Aranganoor, Athigaripatty, Avadathur and Amanikondalanpatty in Tamil Nadu State and subsequent mortality among the Mecheri breed of sheep and Tellichery breed of goat was investigated. The clinical signs observed among the animals were high fever, anorexia, profuse diarrhoea with bilateral mucopurulent oculonasal discharge. Bran like necrotic ulcers in the mucosa of oral cavity, tongue, Dental Pad was seen on necropsy. Samples were collected for laboratory based diagnostic assay and the investigation using RT-PCR confirmed the etiology as PPR. The Nucleoprotein gene of the virus was sequenced and phylogeny of the N gene sequence showed that the virus belongs to lineage IV PPRV.