The Experts below are selected from a list of 6354 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lutgarde Arckens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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retinotopic map plasticity in adult cat visual cortex is accompanied by changes in ca2 calmodulin dependent protein kinase ii α autophosphorylation
Neuroscience, 2003Co-Authors: G. Van Den Bergh, Ulf T. Eysel, Erik Vandenbussche, Frans Vandesande, Lutgarde ArckensAbstract:In adult cats, the induction of homonymous binocular central retinal lesions causes a dramatic reorganization of the topographic map in the sensory-Deprived Region of the primary visual cortex. To investigate the possible involvement of the α-subunit of the calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase type II (αCaMKII) in this form of brain plasticity, we performed in situ hybridization and Western blotting experiments to analyze mRNA, protein and autophosphorylation levels of this multifunctional kinase. No differences in the mRNA or protein levels were observed between the central, sensory-Deprived and the peripheral, non-Deprived Regions of area 17 of retinal lesion animals or between corresponding cortical Regions of normal control animals. Western blotting with an αCaMKII threonine-286 phosphorylation-state specific antiserum consistently showed a small, albeit not significant, increase of αCaMKII autophosphorylation in the central versus the peripheral Region of cortical area 17, and this both in normal subjects as well as in retinal lesion animals with a 3-day post-lesion survival time. In contrast, a post-lesion survival time of 14 days resulted in a αCaMKII autophosphorylation level that was four times higher in visually-Deprived area 17 than in the non-Deprived cortical Region. This increased phosphorylation state is not a direct consequence of the decrease in visual activity in these neurons, because we would have expected to see a similar change at shorter or longer post-lesion survival times or in the visually Deprived visual cortex of animals in which the left optic tract and the corpus callosum were surgically cut. No such changes were observed, leading to the conclusion that the phosphorylation changes observed at 14 days are related to a delayed reorganization of the retinotopic map of the striate cortex.
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investigation of cortical reorganization in area 17 and nine extrastriate visual areas through the detection of changes in immediate early gene expression as induced by retinal lesions
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Ulf T. Eysel, Lutgarde Arckens, Estel Van Der Gucht, Guy Orban, Frans VandesandeAbstract:The effect of binocular central retinal lesions on the expression of the immediate early genes c-fos and zif268 in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the visual cortex of adult cats was investigated by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. In the deafferented Region of the dLGN, the c-fos mRNA level was decreased within 3 days. The dimensions of the geniculate Region showing decreased amounts of c-fos mRNA matched the predictions based on the lesion size and the retinotopic maps of Sanderson ([1971] J. Comp. Neurol. 143:101-118). We did not detect zif268 mRNA in the dLGN. At the cortical level, both c-fos and zif268 mRNA expression decreased in the sensory-Deprived Region of area 17. In addition, the portions of areas 18, 19, 21a, 21b, and 7, as well as the posterior medial lateral suprasylvian area, the posterior lateral lateral suprasylvian area, the ventral lateral suprasylvian area, and the dorsal lateral suprasylvian area corresponding to the retinal lesions also displayed decreased c-fos and zif268 mRNA levels. Immunocytochemistry revealed similar changes for Zif268 and Fos protein. Three days post lesion, the dimensions of the lesion-affected cortical loci exceeded the predictions in relation to the size of the retinal lesions and the available retinotopic maps. Longer postlesion survival times clearly resulted in a time-dependent restoration of immediate early gene expression from the border to the center of the lesion-affected cortical portions. Our findings represent a new approach for investigating the capacity of adult sensory systems to undergo plastic changes following sensory deprivation and for defining the topographic nature of sensory subcortical and cortical structures.
Frans Vandesande - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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retinotopic map plasticity in adult cat visual cortex is accompanied by changes in ca2 calmodulin dependent protein kinase ii α autophosphorylation
Neuroscience, 2003Co-Authors: G. Van Den Bergh, Ulf T. Eysel, Erik Vandenbussche, Frans Vandesande, Lutgarde ArckensAbstract:In adult cats, the induction of homonymous binocular central retinal lesions causes a dramatic reorganization of the topographic map in the sensory-Deprived Region of the primary visual cortex. To investigate the possible involvement of the α-subunit of the calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase type II (αCaMKII) in this form of brain plasticity, we performed in situ hybridization and Western blotting experiments to analyze mRNA, protein and autophosphorylation levels of this multifunctional kinase. No differences in the mRNA or protein levels were observed between the central, sensory-Deprived and the peripheral, non-Deprived Regions of area 17 of retinal lesion animals or between corresponding cortical Regions of normal control animals. Western blotting with an αCaMKII threonine-286 phosphorylation-state specific antiserum consistently showed a small, albeit not significant, increase of αCaMKII autophosphorylation in the central versus the peripheral Region of cortical area 17, and this both in normal subjects as well as in retinal lesion animals with a 3-day post-lesion survival time. In contrast, a post-lesion survival time of 14 days resulted in a αCaMKII autophosphorylation level that was four times higher in visually-Deprived area 17 than in the non-Deprived cortical Region. This increased phosphorylation state is not a direct consequence of the decrease in visual activity in these neurons, because we would have expected to see a similar change at shorter or longer post-lesion survival times or in the visually Deprived visual cortex of animals in which the left optic tract and the corpus callosum were surgically cut. No such changes were observed, leading to the conclusion that the phosphorylation changes observed at 14 days are related to a delayed reorganization of the retinotopic map of the striate cortex.
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investigation of cortical reorganization in area 17 and nine extrastriate visual areas through the detection of changes in immediate early gene expression as induced by retinal lesions
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Ulf T. Eysel, Lutgarde Arckens, Estel Van Der Gucht, Guy Orban, Frans VandesandeAbstract:The effect of binocular central retinal lesions on the expression of the immediate early genes c-fos and zif268 in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the visual cortex of adult cats was investigated by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. In the deafferented Region of the dLGN, the c-fos mRNA level was decreased within 3 days. The dimensions of the geniculate Region showing decreased amounts of c-fos mRNA matched the predictions based on the lesion size and the retinotopic maps of Sanderson ([1971] J. Comp. Neurol. 143:101-118). We did not detect zif268 mRNA in the dLGN. At the cortical level, both c-fos and zif268 mRNA expression decreased in the sensory-Deprived Region of area 17. In addition, the portions of areas 18, 19, 21a, 21b, and 7, as well as the posterior medial lateral suprasylvian area, the posterior lateral lateral suprasylvian area, the ventral lateral suprasylvian area, and the dorsal lateral suprasylvian area corresponding to the retinal lesions also displayed decreased c-fos and zif268 mRNA levels. Immunocytochemistry revealed similar changes for Zif268 and Fos protein. Three days post lesion, the dimensions of the lesion-affected cortical loci exceeded the predictions in relation to the size of the retinal lesions and the available retinotopic maps. Longer postlesion survival times clearly resulted in a time-dependent restoration of immediate early gene expression from the border to the center of the lesion-affected cortical portions. Our findings represent a new approach for investigating the capacity of adult sensory systems to undergo plastic changes following sensory deprivation and for defining the topographic nature of sensory subcortical and cortical structures.
Ulf T. Eysel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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retinotopic map plasticity in adult cat visual cortex is accompanied by changes in ca2 calmodulin dependent protein kinase ii α autophosphorylation
Neuroscience, 2003Co-Authors: G. Van Den Bergh, Ulf T. Eysel, Erik Vandenbussche, Frans Vandesande, Lutgarde ArckensAbstract:In adult cats, the induction of homonymous binocular central retinal lesions causes a dramatic reorganization of the topographic map in the sensory-Deprived Region of the primary visual cortex. To investigate the possible involvement of the α-subunit of the calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase type II (αCaMKII) in this form of brain plasticity, we performed in situ hybridization and Western blotting experiments to analyze mRNA, protein and autophosphorylation levels of this multifunctional kinase. No differences in the mRNA or protein levels were observed between the central, sensory-Deprived and the peripheral, non-Deprived Regions of area 17 of retinal lesion animals or between corresponding cortical Regions of normal control animals. Western blotting with an αCaMKII threonine-286 phosphorylation-state specific antiserum consistently showed a small, albeit not significant, increase of αCaMKII autophosphorylation in the central versus the peripheral Region of cortical area 17, and this both in normal subjects as well as in retinal lesion animals with a 3-day post-lesion survival time. In contrast, a post-lesion survival time of 14 days resulted in a αCaMKII autophosphorylation level that was four times higher in visually-Deprived area 17 than in the non-Deprived cortical Region. This increased phosphorylation state is not a direct consequence of the decrease in visual activity in these neurons, because we would have expected to see a similar change at shorter or longer post-lesion survival times or in the visually Deprived visual cortex of animals in which the left optic tract and the corpus callosum were surgically cut. No such changes were observed, leading to the conclusion that the phosphorylation changes observed at 14 days are related to a delayed reorganization of the retinotopic map of the striate cortex.
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investigation of cortical reorganization in area 17 and nine extrastriate visual areas through the detection of changes in immediate early gene expression as induced by retinal lesions
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Ulf T. Eysel, Lutgarde Arckens, Estel Van Der Gucht, Guy Orban, Frans VandesandeAbstract:The effect of binocular central retinal lesions on the expression of the immediate early genes c-fos and zif268 in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the visual cortex of adult cats was investigated by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. In the deafferented Region of the dLGN, the c-fos mRNA level was decreased within 3 days. The dimensions of the geniculate Region showing decreased amounts of c-fos mRNA matched the predictions based on the lesion size and the retinotopic maps of Sanderson ([1971] J. Comp. Neurol. 143:101-118). We did not detect zif268 mRNA in the dLGN. At the cortical level, both c-fos and zif268 mRNA expression decreased in the sensory-Deprived Region of area 17. In addition, the portions of areas 18, 19, 21a, 21b, and 7, as well as the posterior medial lateral suprasylvian area, the posterior lateral lateral suprasylvian area, the ventral lateral suprasylvian area, and the dorsal lateral suprasylvian area corresponding to the retinal lesions also displayed decreased c-fos and zif268 mRNA levels. Immunocytochemistry revealed similar changes for Zif268 and Fos protein. Three days post lesion, the dimensions of the lesion-affected cortical loci exceeded the predictions in relation to the size of the retinal lesions and the available retinotopic maps. Longer postlesion survival times clearly resulted in a time-dependent restoration of immediate early gene expression from the border to the center of the lesion-affected cortical portions. Our findings represent a new approach for investigating the capacity of adult sensory systems to undergo plastic changes following sensory deprivation and for defining the topographic nature of sensory subcortical and cortical structures.
Mick Mckeown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mental health deprivation and the neighborhood social environment a network analysis
Clinical psychological science, 2019Co-Authors: Eoin Mcelroy, Jason C Mcintyre, Richard P Bentall, Tim Wilson, Keith Holt, Cecil Kullu, Rajan Nathan, Andrew Kerr, Katerina Panagaki, Mick MckeownAbstract:Different aspects of the neighborhood social environment have been linked with mental ill health; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain poorly understood because of the number and complexity of the components involved. We used a novel statistical approach, network analysis, to explore the complex associations between neighborhood social cohesion, social disorder, and mental-health symptoms in a sample of 3,670 adults from an economically Deprived Region of the United Kingdom (mean age = 49.34 years, SD = 18.87; 57% female). Elasso regularized networks were estimated, and network comparisons were conducted by level of deprivation. Mental-health symptoms and neighborhood components formed relatively distinct clusters of items. These domains were linked primarily by paranoia, although only in the most Deprived group. Drunken/rowdy behavior was particularly influential within the neighborhood cluster; therefore, policies aimed at reducing such disruptive behavior could have positive knock-on effects for social cohesion and mental health.
Ersilia Verlinghieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A mixed methods approach to the social assessment of transport infrastructure projects
Transportation, 2021Co-Authors: Karen Lucas, Ian Philips, Ersilia VerlinghieriAbstract:In this paper, we propose a mixed methods quantitative and qualitative approach to capture fully the measurable and less tangible social impacts of transport projects on local people and communities. The approach was used to assess the potential social impacts of a strategic road by-pass project case study in a Deprived Region of Wales in the UK. The project specifically aimed to stimulate local economic growth and regeneration in the local areas it serves. In a ‘before and after’ case study, we combined fine-grained, GIS-based spatial analysis of secondary datasets with qualitative participative exercises with the local residents of the five communities living adjacent to the road, and interviews with professional local stakeholders. This mixed methods approach significantly enhanced understanding of both the social benefits and disbenefits of the road project. It helped to reveal local concerns that would not otherwise have been apparent from secondary dataset analysis alone. The qualitative studies were also successful in bringing to the table new ‘hard to reach’ voices that had not been heard through the formal consultation and public engagement process. The study revealed that the social benefits accruing to local people from the project could have been significantly enhanced, whilst a number of its locally occurring negative social impacts could have been avoided had social assessment been employed earlier in the decision processes concerning its routing and design. Recommendations to improve the practice and uptake of social assessments at the option appraisal, project design mitigation and post evaluation stages of transport projects are included in the paper.