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Matthew D Macmanes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterizing the reproductive transcriptomic correlates of acute dehydration in males in the Desert adapted rodent peromyscus eremicus
BMC Genomics, 2017Co-Authors: Lauren Kordonowy, Matthew D MacmanesAbstract:The understanding of genomic and physiological mechanisms related to how organisms living in extreme environments survive and reproduce is an outstanding question facing evolutionary and organismal biologists. One interesting example of adaptation is related to the survival of mammals in Deserts, where extreme water limitation is common. Research on Desert rodent adaptations has focused predominantly on adaptations related to surviving dehydration, while potential reproductive physiology adaptations for acute and chronic dehydration have been relatively neglected. This study aims to explore the reproductive consequences of acute dehydration by utilizing RNAseq data in the Desert-specialized cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus). We exposed 22 male cactus mice to either acute dehydration or control (fully hydrated) treatment conditions, quasimapped testes-derived reads to a cactus mouse testes transcriptome, and then evaluated patterns of differential transcript and gene expression. Following statistical evaluation with multiple analytical pipelines, nine genes were consistently differentially expressed between the hydrated and dehydrated mice. We hypothesized that male cactus mice would exhibit minimal reproductive responses to dehydration; therefore, this low number of differentially expressed genes between treatments aligns with current perceptions of this species’ extreme Desert specialization. However, these differentially expressed genes include Insulin-like 3 (Insl3), a regulator of male fertility and testes descent, as well as the solute carriers Slc45a3 and Slc38a5, which are membrane transport proteins that may facilitate osmoregulation. These results suggest that in male cactus mice, acute dehydration may be linked to reproductive modulation via Insl3, but not through gene expression differences in the subset of other a priori tested reproductive hormones. Although water availability is a reproductive cue in Desert-rodents exposed to chronic drought, potential reproductive modification via Insl3 in response to acute water-limitation is a result which is unexpected in an animal capable of surviving and successfully reproducing year-round without available external water sources. Indeed, this work highlights the critical need for integrative research that examines every facet of organismal adaptation, particularly in light of global climate change, which is predicted, amongst other things, to increase climate variability, thereby exposing Desert Animals more frequently to the acute drought conditions explored here.
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characterizing the reproductive transcriptomic correlates of acute dehydration in males in the Desert adapted rodent peromyscus eremicus
bioRxiv, 2017Co-Authors: Lauren Kordonowy, Matthew D MacmanesAbstract:The understanding of genomic and physiological mechanisms related to how organisms living in extreme environments survive and reproduce is an outstanding question facing evolutionary and organismal biologists. One interesting example of adaptation is related to the survival of mammals in Deserts, where extreme water limitation is common. Research on Desert rodent adaptations has focused predominantly on adaptations related to surviving dehydration, while potential reproductive physiology adaptations for acute and chronic dehydration have been relatively neglected. This study aims to explore the reproductive consequences of acute dehydration by utilizing RNAseq data in the Desert-specialized cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) . Specifically, we exposed 22 male cactus mice to either acute dehydration or control (fully hydrated) treatment conditions, quasimapped testes-derived reads to a cactus mouse testes transcriptome, and then evaluated patterns of differential transcript and gene expression. Following statistical evaluation with multiple analytical pipelines, nine genes were consistently differentially expressed between the hydrated and dehydrated mice. We hypothesized that male cactus mice would exhibit minimal reproductive responses to dehydration; therefore, this low number of differentially expressed genes between treatments aligns with current perceptions of this species9 extreme Desert specialization. However, these differentially expressed genes include Insulin-like 3 (Insl3), a regulator of male fertility and testes descent, as well as the solute carriers Slc45a3 and Slc38a5, which are membrane transport proteins that may facilitate osmoregulation. Together, these results suggest that in male cactus mice, acute dehydration may be linked to reproductive modulation via Insl3, but not through gene expression differences in the subset of other a priori tested reproductive hormones. Although water availability is a reproductive cue in Desert-rodents exposed to chronic drought, potential reproductive modification via Insl3 in response to acute water-limitation is a result which is unexpected in an animal capable of surviving and successfully reproducing year-round without available external water sources. Indeed, this work highlights the critical need for integrative research that examines every facet of organismal adaptation, particularly in light of global climate change, which is predicted, amongst other things, to increase climate variability, thereby exposing Desert Animals more frequently to the acute drought conditions explored here.
Lauren Kordonowy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterizing the reproductive transcriptomic correlates of acute dehydration in males in the Desert adapted rodent peromyscus eremicus
BMC Genomics, 2017Co-Authors: Lauren Kordonowy, Matthew D MacmanesAbstract:The understanding of genomic and physiological mechanisms related to how organisms living in extreme environments survive and reproduce is an outstanding question facing evolutionary and organismal biologists. One interesting example of adaptation is related to the survival of mammals in Deserts, where extreme water limitation is common. Research on Desert rodent adaptations has focused predominantly on adaptations related to surviving dehydration, while potential reproductive physiology adaptations for acute and chronic dehydration have been relatively neglected. This study aims to explore the reproductive consequences of acute dehydration by utilizing RNAseq data in the Desert-specialized cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus). We exposed 22 male cactus mice to either acute dehydration or control (fully hydrated) treatment conditions, quasimapped testes-derived reads to a cactus mouse testes transcriptome, and then evaluated patterns of differential transcript and gene expression. Following statistical evaluation with multiple analytical pipelines, nine genes were consistently differentially expressed between the hydrated and dehydrated mice. We hypothesized that male cactus mice would exhibit minimal reproductive responses to dehydration; therefore, this low number of differentially expressed genes between treatments aligns with current perceptions of this species’ extreme Desert specialization. However, these differentially expressed genes include Insulin-like 3 (Insl3), a regulator of male fertility and testes descent, as well as the solute carriers Slc45a3 and Slc38a5, which are membrane transport proteins that may facilitate osmoregulation. These results suggest that in male cactus mice, acute dehydration may be linked to reproductive modulation via Insl3, but not through gene expression differences in the subset of other a priori tested reproductive hormones. Although water availability is a reproductive cue in Desert-rodents exposed to chronic drought, potential reproductive modification via Insl3 in response to acute water-limitation is a result which is unexpected in an animal capable of surviving and successfully reproducing year-round without available external water sources. Indeed, this work highlights the critical need for integrative research that examines every facet of organismal adaptation, particularly in light of global climate change, which is predicted, amongst other things, to increase climate variability, thereby exposing Desert Animals more frequently to the acute drought conditions explored here.
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characterizing the reproductive transcriptomic correlates of acute dehydration in males in the Desert adapted rodent peromyscus eremicus
bioRxiv, 2017Co-Authors: Lauren Kordonowy, Matthew D MacmanesAbstract:The understanding of genomic and physiological mechanisms related to how organisms living in extreme environments survive and reproduce is an outstanding question facing evolutionary and organismal biologists. One interesting example of adaptation is related to the survival of mammals in Deserts, where extreme water limitation is common. Research on Desert rodent adaptations has focused predominantly on adaptations related to surviving dehydration, while potential reproductive physiology adaptations for acute and chronic dehydration have been relatively neglected. This study aims to explore the reproductive consequences of acute dehydration by utilizing RNAseq data in the Desert-specialized cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) . Specifically, we exposed 22 male cactus mice to either acute dehydration or control (fully hydrated) treatment conditions, quasimapped testes-derived reads to a cactus mouse testes transcriptome, and then evaluated patterns of differential transcript and gene expression. Following statistical evaluation with multiple analytical pipelines, nine genes were consistently differentially expressed between the hydrated and dehydrated mice. We hypothesized that male cactus mice would exhibit minimal reproductive responses to dehydration; therefore, this low number of differentially expressed genes between treatments aligns with current perceptions of this species9 extreme Desert specialization. However, these differentially expressed genes include Insulin-like 3 (Insl3), a regulator of male fertility and testes descent, as well as the solute carriers Slc45a3 and Slc38a5, which are membrane transport proteins that may facilitate osmoregulation. Together, these results suggest that in male cactus mice, acute dehydration may be linked to reproductive modulation via Insl3, but not through gene expression differences in the subset of other a priori tested reproductive hormones. Although water availability is a reproductive cue in Desert-rodents exposed to chronic drought, potential reproductive modification via Insl3 in response to acute water-limitation is a result which is unexpected in an animal capable of surviving and successfully reproducing year-round without available external water sources. Indeed, this work highlights the critical need for integrative research that examines every facet of organismal adaptation, particularly in light of global climate change, which is predicted, amongst other things, to increase climate variability, thereby exposing Desert Animals more frequently to the acute drought conditions explored here.
A O Elkhawad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selective brain cooling in Desert Animals the camel camelus dromedarius
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 1992Co-Authors: A O ElkhawadAbstract:1. Animals living in the Arabian Desert are subjected to extremely high temperatures during the day in summer and very cold nights in winter. They have developed various adaptive mechanisms in order to cope with these severe heat conditions. 2. The camel (Camelus dromedarius), like many other land Animals, resorts to selective brain cooling when it is subjected to heat stress. 3. This mechanism protects the heat-sensitive brain tissue from heat stress and at the same time increases the Animals' tolerance to high temperatures. 4. The blood cooled in the nasal cavity by evaporative heat loss is diverted to the brain sinuses via the nasal and angular veins. 5. In the cavernous sinus, the arterial blood in the carotid rete is cooled by the cold venous blood before entering the brain. This will lead to significant cooling of the brain tissue. 6. Active myogenic tone was mainly observed in the facial, nasal and angular oculi veins of the camels head. This tone was found to be sensitive to small changes in temperature in the range 33-45 degrees C. 7. The facial veins constricted, while the nasal and angular oculi veins relaxed to increasing temperatures. This leads to a coursing of cold venous return to the brain's sinuses for selective brain cooling. 8. It is concluded that this myogenic vasoactive mechanism is a major factor in the control of blood flow in the facial area of the camel during heat stress.
Walter G Whitford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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animal foraging as a mechanism for sediment movement and soil nutrient development evidence from the semi arid australian woodlands and the chihuahuan Desert
Geomorphology, 2012Co-Authors: David J Eldridge, Terry Koen, Aaron Killgore, Niki Huang, Walter G WhitfordAbstract:Abstract An emerging area of interest in geomorphology over the past two decades has been the effects of biota on ecosystem processes. We examined the roles of a range of vertebrates on soil disturbance in two markedly different environments, the semi-arid woodland of eastern Australia and a Chihuahuan Desert grassland–shrubland in the south-western United States. Foraging pits of soil-disturbing vertebrates varied markedly from small scratchings of heteromyid (mainly Dipodomys spp.) rodents (1.8 × 10 − 4 m 3 ) to deep (1.0 × 10 − 2 m 3 ) excavations of the burrowing bettong ( Bettongia leuseur ) and greater bilby ( Macrotis lagotis ). Vertebrates moved substantial volumes of soil in both environments, and activity was highly temporally and spatially variable. At large spatial scales, soil disturbance by echidnas ( Tachyglossus aculeatus ) and Gould's sand goannas ( Varanus gouldii ) was substantially greater in communities dominated by shrubs, and where domestic livestock had been excluded. Heteromyid rodents tended to excavate more foraging pits in coarse-textured vegetation communities (both grasslands and shrublands). In both environments, foraging was concentrated close to perennial plants such as grass tussocks and tree canopies rather than in the interspaces. Foraging pits of Chihuahuan Desert Animals tended to be higher in labile carbon and support greater levels of infiltration, though this was plant community-dependent. Overall our results indicate that animal foraging is an important geomorphic mechanism capable of mobilizing substantial volumes of soil in arid and semi-arid environments and with potential effects on soil function.
Zhou Qiaofu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential effect of climate change on distribution of 6 Desert Animals in china
Journal of Desert Research, 2011Co-Authors: Zhou QiaofuAbstract:It is crucial to understand the effects of climate change on change of species distribution for the conservation of biodiversity.The effects of climate change on change of distribution of Goitred Gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa reginae adlerberg),Goitred Gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa yarkandensis blanford),Wild Cat(Felis silvestris schreber),Asiatic Wild Ass(Equus hemionus(pallas),Stone Marten(Martes foina(erxleben) and Camelus Bactrianus(Camelus bactrianus linnaeus) in China were analyzed by use of the CART(classification and regression tree) niche model under climate change scenarios of A2 and B2.The results show that climate change will cause decrease in the current distribution region of the Animals.In 2081—2100,the decrease of current distribution region of Goitred Gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa reginae adlerberg),Wild Cat or Asiatic Wild Ass was the highest,while the decrease of current distribution region of Goitred Gazelle(gazella subgutturosa yarkandensis blanford),Stone Marten or Camelus Bactrianus was lower than that of Goitred Gazelle,Wild Cat or Asiatic Wild Ass.The new suitable distribution region or total suitable distribution region of Goitred Gazelle(Gazella Subgutturosa Reginae Adlerberg),Stone Marten or Camelus Bactrianus increases from 1991—2020 to 2081—2100,while that of other Animals will decrease from 1991—2020 to 2081—2100.Additionally,following climate change,the western or northern or south-eastern regions of current suitable distribution of Asiatic Wild Ass would reduce,and new suitable regions would expand towards north-western Qinghai or western Tibet;and the current suitable distribution regions of Goitred Gazelle(gazella subgutturosa yarkandensis blanford) will be fragmented greatly,and new suitable regions would expand scattered towards west or northern Xinjiang or KunLun Mountains;and south or east or west regions of current suitable distribution of Wild Cat will reduce and fragment,and new suitable regions would expand towards western or northern or southern current distribution of the Animals;and south or south-east regions of current suitable distribution of other Animals would reduce,while new suitable regions would expand towards west or north-west regions of current distribution of these Animals.Additionally,following climate change,the change of suitable distribution region of the Animals was not consistently related with change of annual mean air temperature or precipitation in China,and the change in current distribution region,suitable distribution region or total distribution region of many Animals was poorly related with change in annual mean air temperature or precipitation in China,and the suitable distribution region of many Animals was not linearly changed with change of the annual mean air temperature and precipitation in China,and the determined coefficient of the linear regression correlation between the change of many Animals distribution and annual mean air temperature and annual precipitation in China was not high.The results indicate that climate change will cause decrease in the current distribution region of the Animals in the future,while it will cause expansion of suitable distribution region or total distribution region of the Animals,and it will also cause change in spatial distribution pattern of the Animals.