The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sumin Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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formaldehyde and tvoc emission behavior of laminate flooring by structure of laminate flooring and heating condition
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Hyun-joong KimAbstract:Formaldehyde was measured with a desiccator, a 20 L chamber and the FLEC method. The formaldehyde emission rate from laminate was the highest at 32 °C using the desiccator, which then decreased with time. The formaldehyde emission using the 20 L small chamber and FLEC showed a similar tendency. There was a strong correlation between the formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) with both types of floorings using the two different methods. The formaldehyde emission rate and TVOC results were higher when tested using the FLEC method than with the 20 L small chamber method. The emission rate was affected by the joint edge length in laminate flooring. Toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were the main VOCs emitted from laminate flooring, and there were more unidentified VOCs emitted than identified VOCs. The samples heated with a floor heating system emitted more formaldehyde than those heated using an air circulation system due to the temperature difference between the bottom panel and flooring. The TVOC emission level of the samples was higher when an air circulation system was used than when a floor heating system was used due to the high ventilation rate.
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emission behavior of formaldehyde and tvoc from engineered flooring in under heating and air circulation systems
Building and Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Janghoo SeoAbstract:Abstract Formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the adhesive, flooring, and flooring with adhesive were measured using a desiccator, a 20-L chamber and a field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC). Flooring with an adhesive is similar to that used in construction was applied to a floor heating system and an air circulation system, and the surface temperature of the flooring was set to 20 °C, 26 °C and 32 °C. The rate of formaldehyde emission from the flooring was the highest at 32 °C using a desiccator and decreased with time. The formaldehyde and aldehyde emissions from the samples using a 20-L chamber and FLEC showed a similar tendency. The VOCs emission trends with the 20-L chamber and FLEC were similar. The rate of formaldehyde and TVOC emission determined using FLEC was higher than that determined using the 20-L chamber method. The flooring emitted primarily benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, xylene, as well as some unknown VOCs. There was a strong correlation between formaldehyde and TVOC emission for the 20-L chamber and FLEC. Samples using a floor heating system showed higher formaldehyde emission than those using an air circulation system. The level of TVOC emission was higher from the samples using an air circulation system than those using the floor heating system.
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environment friendly adhesives for surface bonding of wood based flooring using natural tannin to reduce formaldehyde and tvoc emission
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Sumin KimAbstract:Abstract The objective of this research was to develop environment-friendly adhesives for face fancy veneer bonding of engineered flooring using the natural tannin form bark in the wood. The natural wattle tannin adhesive were used to replace UF resin in the formaldehyde-based resin system in order to reduce formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the adhesives used between plywoods and fancy veneers. PVAc was added to the natural tannin adhesive to increase viscosity of tannin adhesive for surface bonding. For tannin/PVAc hybrid adhesives, 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% of PVAc to the natural tannin adhesives were added. tannin/PVAc hybrid adhesives showed better bonding than the commercial natural tannin adhesive with a higher level of wood penetration. The initial adhesion strength was sufficient to be maintained within the optimum initial tack range. The standard formaldehyde emission test (desiccator method), field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC) and VOC analyzer were used to determine the formaldehyde and VOC emissions from engineered flooring bonded with commercial the natural tannin adhesive and tannin/PVAc hybrid adhesives. By desiccator method and FLEC, the formaldehyde emission level of each adhesive showed the similar tendency. All adhesives satisfied the E 1 grade (below 1.5 mg/L) and E 0 grade (below 0.5 mg/L) with UV coating. VOC emission results by FLEC and VOC analyzer were different with the formaldehyde emission results. TVOC emission was slightly increased as adding PVAc.
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tvoc and formaldehyde emission behaviors from flooring materials bonded with environmental friendly mf pvac hybrid resins
Indoor Air, 2007Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Shin Do Kim, Jin Chul ParkAbstract:UNLABELLED Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was added as a replacement for melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin in the formaldehyde-based resin system to reduce formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the adhesives used between plywoods and fancy veneers. A variety of techniques, including 20-l chamber, field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC), VOC analyzer and standard formaldehyde emission test (desiccator method), were used to determine the formaldehyde and VOC emissions from engineered flooring bonded with five different MF resin and PVAc blends at MF/PVAc ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100. Although urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin had the highest formaldehyde emission, the emission as determined by desiccator method was reduced by exchanging with MF resin. Furthermore, the formaldehyde emission level was decreased with increasing addition of PVAc as the replacement for MF resin. UF resin in the case of beech was over 5.0 mg/l, which exceeded E2 (1.5-5.0 mg/l) grade. However, MF30:PVAc70 was
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the effects of edge sealing treatment applied to wood based composites on formaldehyde emission by desiccator test method
Polymer Testing, 2006Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Hwa Hyoung Lee, Dongwon YoonAbstract:Abstract Formaldehyde emissions were measured with the Japanese industrial standard desiccator (JIS A 1460) method for particleboard (PB) and medium density fiberboard (MDF) as furniture materials, 8 mm laminate flooring, and engineered flooring as flooring materials. To measure the formaldehyde surface emissions, the edge of each sample was sealed with either parafilm, polyethylene wax or aluminum foil. To determine the effect of thickness, emissions from PB and MDF of 9, 12, 15, 18 and 20 mm thicknesses were measured. The difference between sealing methods was relatively small but the difference from unsealed was large, confirming the need for a test procedure incorporating edge sealing. The reduction rate of formaldehyde emission from PB and MDF was 50–80% for flooring materials and about 30% for furniture materials. The greater core porosity in PB than in MDF may have caused the large reduction of formaldehyde emission from the edge sealed samples. The amount of formaldehyde emitted from the edge was significantly higher in PB than in MDF. These results need to be considered when using the desiccator test to measure formaldehyde emission from flooring and furniture materials.
Hyun-joong Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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formaldehyde and tvoc emission behavior of laminate flooring by structure of laminate flooring and heating condition
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Hyun-joong KimAbstract:Formaldehyde was measured with a desiccator, a 20 L chamber and the FLEC method. The formaldehyde emission rate from laminate was the highest at 32 °C using the desiccator, which then decreased with time. The formaldehyde emission using the 20 L small chamber and FLEC showed a similar tendency. There was a strong correlation between the formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) with both types of floorings using the two different methods. The formaldehyde emission rate and TVOC results were higher when tested using the FLEC method than with the 20 L small chamber method. The emission rate was affected by the joint edge length in laminate flooring. Toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were the main VOCs emitted from laminate flooring, and there were more unidentified VOCs emitted than identified VOCs. The samples heated with a floor heating system emitted more formaldehyde than those heated using an air circulation system due to the temperature difference between the bottom panel and flooring. The TVOC emission level of the samples was higher when an air circulation system was used than when a floor heating system was used due to the high ventilation rate.
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emission behavior of formaldehyde and tvoc from engineered flooring in under heating and air circulation systems
Building and Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Janghoo SeoAbstract:Abstract Formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the adhesive, flooring, and flooring with adhesive were measured using a desiccator, a 20-L chamber and a field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC). Flooring with an adhesive is similar to that used in construction was applied to a floor heating system and an air circulation system, and the surface temperature of the flooring was set to 20 °C, 26 °C and 32 °C. The rate of formaldehyde emission from the flooring was the highest at 32 °C using a desiccator and decreased with time. The formaldehyde and aldehyde emissions from the samples using a 20-L chamber and FLEC showed a similar tendency. The VOCs emission trends with the 20-L chamber and FLEC were similar. The rate of formaldehyde and TVOC emission determined using FLEC was higher than that determined using the 20-L chamber method. The flooring emitted primarily benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, xylene, as well as some unknown VOCs. There was a strong correlation between formaldehyde and TVOC emission for the 20-L chamber and FLEC. Samples using a floor heating system showed higher formaldehyde emission than those using an air circulation system. The level of TVOC emission was higher from the samples using an air circulation system than those using the floor heating system.
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tvoc and formaldehyde emission behaviors from flooring materials bonded with environmental friendly mf pvac hybrid resins
Indoor Air, 2007Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Shin Do Kim, Jin Chul ParkAbstract:UNLABELLED Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was added as a replacement for melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin in the formaldehyde-based resin system to reduce formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the adhesives used between plywoods and fancy veneers. A variety of techniques, including 20-l chamber, field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC), VOC analyzer and standard formaldehyde emission test (desiccator method), were used to determine the formaldehyde and VOC emissions from engineered flooring bonded with five different MF resin and PVAc blends at MF/PVAc ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100. Although urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin had the highest formaldehyde emission, the emission as determined by desiccator method was reduced by exchanging with MF resin. Furthermore, the formaldehyde emission level was decreased with increasing addition of PVAc as the replacement for MF resin. UF resin in the case of beech was over 5.0 mg/l, which exceeded E2 (1.5-5.0 mg/l) grade. However, MF30:PVAc70 was
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the effects of edge sealing treatment applied to wood based composites on formaldehyde emission by desiccator test method
Polymer Testing, 2006Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Hwa Hyoung Lee, Dongwon YoonAbstract:Abstract Formaldehyde emissions were measured with the Japanese industrial standard desiccator (JIS A 1460) method for particleboard (PB) and medium density fiberboard (MDF) as furniture materials, 8 mm laminate flooring, and engineered flooring as flooring materials. To measure the formaldehyde surface emissions, the edge of each sample was sealed with either parafilm, polyethylene wax or aluminum foil. To determine the effect of thickness, emissions from PB and MDF of 9, 12, 15, 18 and 20 mm thicknesses were measured. The difference between sealing methods was relatively small but the difference from unsealed was large, confirming the need for a test procedure incorporating edge sealing. The reduction rate of formaldehyde emission from PB and MDF was 50–80% for flooring materials and about 30% for furniture materials. The greater core porosity in PB than in MDF may have caused the large reduction of formaldehyde emission from the edge sealed samples. The amount of formaldehyde emitted from the edge was significantly higher in PB than in MDF. These results need to be considered when using the desiccator test to measure formaldehyde emission from flooring and furniture materials.
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determination of formaldehyde and tvoc emission factor from wood based composites by small chamber method
Polymer Testing, 2006Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Shin Do KimAbstract:Abstract This paper assesses the reproducibility of testing formaldehyde and TVOC emissions from wood-based composites such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard (PB), laminate flooring, and engineered flooring using desiccator, perforator and 20 L small chamber methods. According to desiccator and perforator standards, the formaldehyde emission level of each flooring was ⩽ E 1 grade. The formaldehyde emission of MDF and PB was 3.48 mg/L PB and 5.38 mg/L by the desiccator method, and 8.57/100 g and 10.21/100 g PB by the perforator method, respectively. A 20 L small chamber was developed in Japan with performance in compliance with ASTM, ECA reports, and ENV 13419-1. To determine formaldehyde emission, the peak areas of each wood-based composite were calculated from aldehyde chromatograms obtained using the 20 L small chamber method. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein/acetone, propionaldehyde, methacrolein, 2-butanone/butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde and isovaleraldehyde were detected as aldehyde compounds. In this experiment, it was found that MDF and PB emitted hexanal, pinenes, pentanal, nonanal, heptanal, octanol, etc. MDF and PB emitted significantly greater amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than the flooring materials did.
Jin-a Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tvoc and formaldehyde emission behaviors from flooring materials bonded with environmental friendly mf pvac hybrid resins
Indoor Air, 2007Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Shin Do Kim, Jin Chul ParkAbstract:UNLABELLED Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was added as a replacement for melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin in the formaldehyde-based resin system to reduce formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the adhesives used between plywoods and fancy veneers. A variety of techniques, including 20-l chamber, field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC), VOC analyzer and standard formaldehyde emission test (desiccator method), were used to determine the formaldehyde and VOC emissions from engineered flooring bonded with five different MF resin and PVAc blends at MF/PVAc ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100. Although urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin had the highest formaldehyde emission, the emission as determined by desiccator method was reduced by exchanging with MF resin. Furthermore, the formaldehyde emission level was decreased with increasing addition of PVAc as the replacement for MF resin. UF resin in the case of beech was over 5.0 mg/l, which exceeded E2 (1.5-5.0 mg/l) grade. However, MF30:PVAc70 was
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the effects of edge sealing treatment applied to wood based composites on formaldehyde emission by desiccator test method
Polymer Testing, 2006Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Hwa Hyoung Lee, Dongwon YoonAbstract:Abstract Formaldehyde emissions were measured with the Japanese industrial standard desiccator (JIS A 1460) method for particleboard (PB) and medium density fiberboard (MDF) as furniture materials, 8 mm laminate flooring, and engineered flooring as flooring materials. To measure the formaldehyde surface emissions, the edge of each sample was sealed with either parafilm, polyethylene wax or aluminum foil. To determine the effect of thickness, emissions from PB and MDF of 9, 12, 15, 18 and 20 mm thicknesses were measured. The difference between sealing methods was relatively small but the difference from unsealed was large, confirming the need for a test procedure incorporating edge sealing. The reduction rate of formaldehyde emission from PB and MDF was 50–80% for flooring materials and about 30% for furniture materials. The greater core porosity in PB than in MDF may have caused the large reduction of formaldehyde emission from the edge sealed samples. The amount of formaldehyde emitted from the edge was significantly higher in PB than in MDF. These results need to be considered when using the desiccator test to measure formaldehyde emission from flooring and furniture materials.
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determination of formaldehyde and tvoc emission factor from wood based composites by small chamber method
Polymer Testing, 2006Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Shin Do KimAbstract:Abstract This paper assesses the reproducibility of testing formaldehyde and TVOC emissions from wood-based composites such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard (PB), laminate flooring, and engineered flooring using desiccator, perforator and 20 L small chamber methods. According to desiccator and perforator standards, the formaldehyde emission level of each flooring was ⩽ E 1 grade. The formaldehyde emission of MDF and PB was 3.48 mg/L PB and 5.38 mg/L by the desiccator method, and 8.57/100 g and 10.21/100 g PB by the perforator method, respectively. A 20 L small chamber was developed in Japan with performance in compliance with ASTM, ECA reports, and ENV 13419-1. To determine formaldehyde emission, the peak areas of each wood-based composite were calculated from aldehyde chromatograms obtained using the 20 L small chamber method. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein/acetone, propionaldehyde, methacrolein, 2-butanone/butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde and isovaleraldehyde were detected as aldehyde compounds. In this experiment, it was found that MDF and PB emitted hexanal, pinenes, pentanal, nonanal, heptanal, octanol, etc. MDF and PB emitted significantly greater amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than the flooring materials did.
Shin Do Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tvoc and formaldehyde emission behaviors from flooring materials bonded with environmental friendly mf pvac hybrid resins
Indoor Air, 2007Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Shin Do Kim, Jin Chul ParkAbstract:UNLABELLED Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was added as a replacement for melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin in the formaldehyde-based resin system to reduce formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the adhesives used between plywoods and fancy veneers. A variety of techniques, including 20-l chamber, field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC), VOC analyzer and standard formaldehyde emission test (desiccator method), were used to determine the formaldehyde and VOC emissions from engineered flooring bonded with five different MF resin and PVAc blends at MF/PVAc ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100. Although urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin had the highest formaldehyde emission, the emission as determined by desiccator method was reduced by exchanging with MF resin. Furthermore, the formaldehyde emission level was decreased with increasing addition of PVAc as the replacement for MF resin. UF resin in the case of beech was over 5.0 mg/l, which exceeded E2 (1.5-5.0 mg/l) grade. However, MF30:PVAc70 was
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determination of formaldehyde and tvoc emission factor from wood based composites by small chamber method
Polymer Testing, 2006Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Shin Do KimAbstract:Abstract This paper assesses the reproducibility of testing formaldehyde and TVOC emissions from wood-based composites such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard (PB), laminate flooring, and engineered flooring using desiccator, perforator and 20 L small chamber methods. According to desiccator and perforator standards, the formaldehyde emission level of each flooring was ⩽ E 1 grade. The formaldehyde emission of MDF and PB was 3.48 mg/L PB and 5.38 mg/L by the desiccator method, and 8.57/100 g and 10.21/100 g PB by the perforator method, respectively. A 20 L small chamber was developed in Japan with performance in compliance with ASTM, ECA reports, and ENV 13419-1. To determine formaldehyde emission, the peak areas of each wood-based composite were calculated from aldehyde chromatograms obtained using the 20 L small chamber method. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein/acetone, propionaldehyde, methacrolein, 2-butanone/butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde and isovaleraldehyde were detected as aldehyde compounds. In this experiment, it was found that MDF and PB emitted hexanal, pinenes, pentanal, nonanal, heptanal, octanol, etc. MDF and PB emitted significantly greater amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than the flooring materials did.
Xiujuan Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling of water sorption isotherm for corn starch
Journal of Food Engineering, 2007Co-Authors: Guilan Peng, Wenfu Wu, Xiaoguang Chen, Xiujuan JiangAbstract:Abstract Adsorption and desorption isotherms for corn starch powders were determined at 30, 45 and 60 °C using a gravimetric technique. Samples were equilibrated in Desiccators containing sulphuric acid solutions of known water activity (0.05–0.95), and placed in temperature-controlled cabinets for approximately 10 days. The data obtained were fitted to several Halsey, Oswin, Henderson, Modified-BET and Smith GAB, Ferro-Fontan, Peleg and a new sorption model of corn starch powder on BP neural network were established. Analysis showed within the temperature range investigated, GAB, Peleg and Henderson models better describes the experimental data for corn starch powder. BP neural network model not only accommodated temperature and water activity parameter, but also is better than other mathematical models.