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Dennis C Flanagan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • quantifying the effects of plant litter in the topsoil on the soil Detachment Process by overland flow in typical grasslands of the loess plateau china
    Hydrological Processes, 2020
    Co-Authors: Panpan Li, Dennis C Flanagan
    Abstract:

    Plant litter can be incorporated into topsoil by a natural Process, affecting the soil erosion Process. This is a widespread phenomenon in erosion‐prone areas. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of litter incorporation on the Process of soil Detachment on the Loess Plateau, China. Four common plant litters (Bothriochloa ischaemum L. Keng., Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb., Setaria viridis L. Beauv., and Artemisia capillaris Thunb.) were collected, then incorporated into the silt loam soil at five rates (0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 kg m⁻²) on the basis of our field investigation. Twenty litter–soil treatments and one bare soil control were prepared. After 50 days of natural stabilization, 30 soil samples of each treatment were collected. We used a flume test to scour the soil samples under six flow shear stress conditions (5.66, 8.31, 12.21, 15.55, 19.15, and 22.11 Pa). The results showed that the different incorporated litter masses and morphological characteristics, such as litter tissue density (ranging from 0.52 to 0.68 g cm⁻³), length density (2.34 to 91.00 km m⁻³), surface area density (LSAD; 27.9 to 674.2 m² m⁻³), and volume ratio (0.003 to 0.050 m³ m⁻³), caused varied soil Detachment capacities (0.043 to 4.580 kg·m⁻²·s⁻¹), rill erodibilities (0.051 to 0.237 s m⁻¹), and critical shear stresses (2.02 to 6.83 Pa). The plant litter incorporated within the soil reduced the soil Detachment capacities by 38%–59%, lowered the rill erodibilities by 32%–46%, and increased the critical shear stresses by 98%–193% compared with the bare soil control. The soil containing B. ischaemum (L.) Keng. litter was more resistant to erosion. By comparing different parameters, we found that the contact area between the litter and soil was the main factor affecting the soil Detachment Process. The soil erosion resistance increased with the increasing contact area between the soil and litter. Furthermore, the litter incorporation effect on rill erodibility can be comprehensively reflected by LSAD (R² = .93; Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.79), which could be used to adjust the rill erodibility parameter in physical Process‐based soil erosion models.

  • effects of soil incorporated plant litter morphological characteristics on the soil Detachment Process in grassland on the loess plateau of china
    Science of The Total Environment, 2020
    Co-Authors: Bing Wang, Dennis C Flanagan, Zhongyu Wang, Jing Xiao
    Abstract:

    : The Loess Plateau of China is one of the most eroded areas in the world. In the past 20 years, effective vegetation restoration measures have significantly changed the near-surface characteristics of soil. In natural conditions, plant litter is widespread in the topsoil. The effects of litter incorporated into soil on the Process of soil Detachment, which is closely related to plant litter morphology, are still not well known. This study aimed to detect the variation of litter morphological characteristics and quantify their effects on soil Detachment capacity and rill erodibility when litter is incorporated into the soil. Four plant litters (Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng., Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., and Artemisia capillaris Thunb.) with five length levels (<0.5, 0.5-2, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-8 cm) were incorporated into soil (idle for 50 days) at the same litter biomass rate (0.7 kg m-2). Then the soil was sampled and cores were subjected to overland flow under six flow shear stress levels (5.66, 8.31, 12.21, 15.55, 19.15 and, 22.11 Pa) using a hydraulic flume (4.0 m × 0.35 m). The results showed that the litter morphological characteristics of litter length density (LLD), litter surface area density (LSAD) and litter volume ratio (LVR) differed in plant species at the same litter biomass rate. Correspondingly, soil Detachment capacity (ranging from 0.414 to 2.179 kg m-2 s-1) and rill erodibility (ranging from 0.037 to 0.177 s m-1) varied significantly and mean values from the Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. treatments were the minimums, which were 28% to 37% and 23% to 35% less than that of the other treatments, respectively. The soil Detachment capacity and rill erodibility were significantly correlated with the litter morphological characteristics of LLD, LSAD and LVR (p < 0.01). The contact area between litter and soil was the most critical factor affecting soil Detachment. Incorporated plant litter residue litter effect on rill erodibility could be well estimated by LSAD.

Mariappan Muthuchamy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • measurements of the cross bridge attachment Detachment Process within intact sarcomeres by surface plasmon resonance
    Biochemistry, 2001
    Co-Authors: Carl W Tong, Alexander Kolomenskii, V Lioubimov, H A Schuessler, Andreea Trache, Harris J Granger, Mariappan Muthuchamy
    Abstract:

    We have developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system to monitor the cross-bridge attachment/Detachment Process within intact sarcomeres from mouse heart muscle. SPR occurs when laser light energy is transferred to surface plasmons that are resonantly excited in a metal (gold) film. This resonance manifests itself as a minimum in the reflection of the incident laser light and occurs at a characteristic angle. The angle of the SPR occurrence depends on the dielectric permittivity of the sample medium adjacent to the gold film. Purified sarcomeric preparations are immobilized onto the gold film in the presence of a relaxing solution. Replacement of the relaxing solution with increasing Ca2+ concentration solution activates the cross-bridge interaction and produces an increase in the SPR angle. These results imply that the interaction of myosin heads with actin within an intact sarcomere changes the dielectric permittivity of the sarcomeric structure. In addition, we further verify that SPR measurements...

  • Measurements of the cross-bridge attachment/Detachment Process within intact sarcomeres by surface plasmon resonance.
    Biochemistry, 2001
    Co-Authors: Carl W Tong, Alexander Kolomenskii, V Lioubimov, H A Schuessler, Andreea Trache, Harris J Granger, Mariappan Muthuchamy
    Abstract:

    We have developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system to monitor the cross-bridge attachment/Detachment Process within intact sarcomeres from mouse heart muscle. SPR occurs when laser light energy is transferred to surface plasmons that are resonantly excited in a metal (gold) film. This resonance manifests itself as a minimum in the reflection of the incident laser light and occurs at a characteristic angle. The angle of the SPR occurrence depends on the dielectric permittivity of the sample medium adjacent to the gold film. Purified sarcomeric preparations are immobilized onto the gold film in the presence of a relaxing solution. Replacement of the relaxing solution with increasing Ca2+ concentration solution activates the cross-bridge interaction and produces an increase in the SPR angle. These results imply that the interaction of myosin heads with actin within an intact sarcomere changes the dielectric permittivity of the sarcomeric structure. In addition, we further verify that SPR measurements...

Xiaojie Gu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • quantifying the rill Detachment Process along a saturated soil slope
    Soil & Tillage Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xiaoyan Chen, Yanhai Li, Shiqi Chen, Xiaojie Gu
    Abstract:

    Abstract During a long rainfall period, infiltrated water can accumulate on top of the slow-infiltration soil layer in A–C structured soils with a lower water permeability in the C layer, which will cause the cultivated A layer to become saturated. Serious erosion could be expected due to the soil saturation, and a specific methodology and testing system were used in this study to transport water flow from the bottom of the cultivated soil layer to keep the test soil saturated. A series of experiments were performed to quantify the rill-Detachment Process of saturated soil slopes at different flow discharges (2, 4, and 8 L min−1) and slope gradients (5, 10, 15, and 20°). The results showed that the rill-Detachment rate of the saturated soil slope could be well matched by an exponential function of the rill length and by a linear equation of the sediment concentration. Changes in erosion resistance lead to the intensification of Detachment in saturated soil slopes. The potential rill-Detachment rates of the saturated soil slope were 1.8–2.4 times larger than those of the non-saturated soil slope. The results of this research can help to explain the rill-Detachment behavior of saturated soil slopes.

Carl W Tong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Abstract 19019: Loss of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Leads to Ineffective Contraction and Relaxation Kinetics Which are Reinstated by Reintroducing the Phosphorylated Protein
    Circulation, 2017
    Co-Authors: Paola C. Rosas, Carl W Tong
    Abstract:

    Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C), a heart muscle thick filament protein, can regulate cross-bridge attach/Detachment Process by its phosphorylation status. Moreover, ablation of cMyBP-C l...

  • measurements of the cross bridge attachment Detachment Process within intact sarcomeres by surface plasmon resonance
    Biochemistry, 2001
    Co-Authors: Carl W Tong, Alexander Kolomenskii, V Lioubimov, H A Schuessler, Andreea Trache, Harris J Granger, Mariappan Muthuchamy
    Abstract:

    We have developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system to monitor the cross-bridge attachment/Detachment Process within intact sarcomeres from mouse heart muscle. SPR occurs when laser light energy is transferred to surface plasmons that are resonantly excited in a metal (gold) film. This resonance manifests itself as a minimum in the reflection of the incident laser light and occurs at a characteristic angle. The angle of the SPR occurrence depends on the dielectric permittivity of the sample medium adjacent to the gold film. Purified sarcomeric preparations are immobilized onto the gold film in the presence of a relaxing solution. Replacement of the relaxing solution with increasing Ca2+ concentration solution activates the cross-bridge interaction and produces an increase in the SPR angle. These results imply that the interaction of myosin heads with actin within an intact sarcomere changes the dielectric permittivity of the sarcomeric structure. In addition, we further verify that SPR measurements...

  • Measurements of the cross-bridge attachment/Detachment Process within intact sarcomeres by surface plasmon resonance.
    Biochemistry, 2001
    Co-Authors: Carl W Tong, Alexander Kolomenskii, V Lioubimov, H A Schuessler, Andreea Trache, Harris J Granger, Mariappan Muthuchamy
    Abstract:

    We have developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system to monitor the cross-bridge attachment/Detachment Process within intact sarcomeres from mouse heart muscle. SPR occurs when laser light energy is transferred to surface plasmons that are resonantly excited in a metal (gold) film. This resonance manifests itself as a minimum in the reflection of the incident laser light and occurs at a characteristic angle. The angle of the SPR occurrence depends on the dielectric permittivity of the sample medium adjacent to the gold film. Purified sarcomeric preparations are immobilized onto the gold film in the presence of a relaxing solution. Replacement of the relaxing solution with increasing Ca2+ concentration solution activates the cross-bridge interaction and produces an increase in the SPR angle. These results imply that the interaction of myosin heads with actin within an intact sarcomere changes the dielectric permittivity of the sarcomeric structure. In addition, we further verify that SPR measurements...

Xiaoyan Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • quantifying the rill Detachment Process along a saturated soil slope
    Soil & Tillage Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xiaoyan Chen, Yanhai Li, Shiqi Chen, Xiaojie Gu
    Abstract:

    Abstract During a long rainfall period, infiltrated water can accumulate on top of the slow-infiltration soil layer in A–C structured soils with a lower water permeability in the C layer, which will cause the cultivated A layer to become saturated. Serious erosion could be expected due to the soil saturation, and a specific methodology and testing system were used in this study to transport water flow from the bottom of the cultivated soil layer to keep the test soil saturated. A series of experiments were performed to quantify the rill-Detachment Process of saturated soil slopes at different flow discharges (2, 4, and 8 L min−1) and slope gradients (5, 10, 15, and 20°). The results showed that the rill-Detachment rate of the saturated soil slope could be well matched by an exponential function of the rill length and by a linear equation of the sediment concentration. Changes in erosion resistance lead to the intensification of Detachment in saturated soil slopes. The potential rill-Detachment rates of the saturated soil slope were 1.8–2.4 times larger than those of the non-saturated soil slope. The results of this research can help to explain the rill-Detachment behavior of saturated soil slopes.