Determinant

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 443061 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Toru Abo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • lack of Determinant spread to the minor encephalitogenic epitope in myelin basic protein induced acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat
    Cellular Immunology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Yoh Matsumoto, Toru Abo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Acute and monophasic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in rats by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP). Proliferative responses of lymph node cells to major and minor encephalitogenic and nonencephalitogenic Determinants of the MBP molecules were measured at various time intervals after the immunization. Results of these experiments revealed that additional responses to minor Determinants which had been observed at the late stage of mouse EAE (Lehmann et al., Nature 356 , 155, 1992) were very weak and short-lived in the rat. Furthermore, the response to the minor encephalitogenic Determinant was not recognized throughout the course of EAE. Coimmunization with synthetic peptides, corresponding to the major and minor Determinants, induced T-cell response only to the major Determinant. These findings suggest that poor generation of T cells reactive with the minor encephalitogenic epitope is attributable to peptide competition between these two Determinants. The present results, together with those reported in mice, strongly suggest that differences in the clinical course of EAE, i.e., acute monophasic or chronic relapsing, is closely related to the presence or absence of "Determinant spread" to minor encephalitogenic epitope(s).

T G W M Paulussen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • towards a measurement instrument for Determinants of innovations
    International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2014
    Co-Authors: M A H Fleuren, T G W M Paulussen, Paula Van Dommelen, Stef Van Buuren
    Abstract:

    Objective. To develop a short instrument to measure Determinants of innovations that may affect its implementation. Design. We pooled the original data from eight empirical studies of the implementation of evidence-based innovations. The studies used a list of 60 potentially relevant Determinants based on a systematic review of empirical studies and a Delphi study among implementation experts. Each study used similar methods to measure both the implementation of the innovation and Determinants. Missing values in the final data set were replaced by plausible values using multiple imputation. We assessed which Determinants predicted completeness of use of the innovation (% of recommendations applied). In addition, 22 implementation experts were consulted about the results and about implications for designing a short instrument. Setting. Eight innovations introduced in Preventive Child Health Care or schools in the Netherlands. Participants. Doctors, nurses, doctor’s assistants and teachers; 1977 respondents in total. Results. The initial list of 60 Determinants could be reduced to 29. Twenty-one Determinants were based on the pooled analysis of the eight studies, seven on the theoretical expectations of the experts consulted and one new Determinant was added on the basis of the experts’ practical experience. Conclusions. The instrument is promising and should be further validated. We invite researchers to use and explore the instrument in multiple settings. The instrument describes howeach Determinant should preferably be measured (questions and response scales). It can be used both before and after the introduction of an innovation to gain an understanding of the critical change objectives.

  • Determinants of innovation within health care organizations literature review and delphi study
    International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2004
    Co-Authors: M A H Fleuren, Karin Wiefferink, T G W M Paulussen
    Abstract:

    Purpose. When introducing innovations to health care, it is important to gain insight into Determinants that may facilitate or impede the introduction, in order to design an appropriate strategy for introducing the innovation. To obtain an overview of Determinants of innovations in health care organizations, we carried out a literature review and a Delphi study. The Delphi study was intended to achieve consensus among a group of implementation experts on Determinants identified from the literature review. Data sources. We searched 11 databases for articles published between 1990 and 2000. The keywords varied according to the specific database. We also searched for free text. Forty-four implementation experts (implementation researchers, programme managers, and implementation consultants/advisors) participated in the Delphi study. Study selection. The following studies were selected: (i) studies describing innovation processes, and Determinants thereof, in health care organizations; (ii) studies where the aim of the innovations was to change the behaviour of health professionals; (iii) studies where the health care organizations provided direct patient care; and (iv) studies where only empirical studies were included. Data extraction. Two researchers independently selected the abstracts and analysed the articles. The Determinants were divided into four categories: characteristics of the environment, characteristics of the organization, characteristics of the user (health professional), and characteristics of the innovation. When analysing the Determinants, a distinction was made between systematically designed and non-systematically designed studies. In a systematic study, a Determinant analysis was performed and the innovation strategy was adapted to these Determinants. Furthermore, the Determinants were associated with the degree of implementation, and both users and non-users of the innovation were asked about possible Determinants. In the Delphi study, consensus was defined as agreement among 75% of the experts on both the influence of a Determinant and the direction towards which that influence tended (i.e. facilitating, impeding, or neutral). Results. From the initial 2239 abstracts, 57 studies were retrieved and 49 Determinants were identified that affected (impeded or facilitated) the innovation process. The experts identified one other Determinant. Seventeen studies had a more-or-less systematic design; the others did not. After three rounds, consensus was reached on the influence of 49 out of 50 Determinants. Conclusion. The results of the literature review matched those found in the Delphi study, and 50 potentially relevant Determinants of innovation processes were identified. Many of the innovation studies had several methodological flaws, such as not adjusting innovation strategies to relevant Determinants of the innovation process, or that data on Determinants were gathered only from non-users. Furthermore, the degree of implementation was evaluated in several ways, which made comparison difficult. © International Society for Quality in Health Care and Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.

Vincent K Tuohy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a predictable sequential Determinant spreading cascade invariably accompanies progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis a basis for peptide specific therapy after onset of clinical disease
    Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1996
    Co-Authors: Justin M Johnson, Vincent K Tuohy
    Abstract:

    The development of autoimmune disease is accompanied by the acquired recognition of new self-Determinants, a process commonly referred to as Determinant spreading. In this study, we addressed the question of whether Determinant spreading is pathogenic for progression of chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease with many similarities to multiple sclerosis (MS). Our approach involved a systematic epitope mapping of responses to myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) as well as assaying responses to known encephalitogenic Determinants of myelin basic protein (MBP 87-89) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG 92-106) at various times after induction of EAE in (SWR X SJL)F1 mice immunized with PLP 139-151. We found that the order in which new Determinants are recognized during the course of disease follows a predictable sequential pattern. At monthly intervals after immunization with p139-151, responses to PLP 249-273, MBP 87-99, and PLP 137-198 were sequentially accumulated in al mice examined. Three lines of evidence showed that Determinant spreading is pathogenic for disease progression: (a) spreading Determinants mediate passive transfer of acute EAE in naive (SWR X SJL)F1 recipients; (b) an invariant relationship exists between the development of relapse/progression and the spreading of recognition to new immunodominant encephalitogenic Determinants; and (c) after EAE onset, the induction of peptide-specific tolerance to spreading but not to nonspreading encephalitogenic Determinants prevents subsequent progression of EAE. Thus, the predictability of acquired self-Determinant recognition provides a basis for sequential Determinant-specific therapeutic intervention after onset of the autoimmune disease process.

R Y C Lo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • molecular characterization of an rtx toxin Determinant from actinobacillus suis
    Infection and Immunity, 1992
    Co-Authors: Lori L. Burrows, R Y C Lo
    Abstract:

    RTX cytolysins are a family of calcium-dependent, pore-forming, secreted toxins found in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. The prototypical member of this family is the alpha-hemolysin of Escherichia coli. The RTX genetic Determinants from seven members of the family Pasteurellaceae, Pasteurella haemolytica, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1,5,7, and 9 were previously cloned and sequenced. Using the leukotoxin Determinant from P. haemolytica serotype A1 as a probe, we detected the presence of RTX-type Determinants in Actinobacillus suis, A. equuli, and A. lignieresii of the family Pasteurellaceae. All three species elaborate proteins of approximately 104 to 110 kDa that are recognized by polyclonal antisera against the 104-kDa hemolysin of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. An RTX Determinant of A. suis isolate 3714 was cloned and sequenced and was found to be almost identical to the RTX Determinant of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 5 and 9. In addition, the Determinant is not composed of four contiguous genes, as had been reported for most other RTX Determinants; instead, the genes encoding the two proteins responsible for secretion of the toxin are at a locus distinct from that containing the toxin structural and activation genes. Images

Yoh Matsumoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • lack of Determinant spread to the minor encephalitogenic epitope in myelin basic protein induced acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat
    Cellular Immunology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Yoh Matsumoto, Toru Abo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Acute and monophasic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in rats by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP). Proliferative responses of lymph node cells to major and minor encephalitogenic and nonencephalitogenic Determinants of the MBP molecules were measured at various time intervals after the immunization. Results of these experiments revealed that additional responses to minor Determinants which had been observed at the late stage of mouse EAE (Lehmann et al., Nature 356 , 155, 1992) were very weak and short-lived in the rat. Furthermore, the response to the minor encephalitogenic Determinant was not recognized throughout the course of EAE. Coimmunization with synthetic peptides, corresponding to the major and minor Determinants, induced T-cell response only to the major Determinant. These findings suggest that poor generation of T cells reactive with the minor encephalitogenic epitope is attributable to peptide competition between these two Determinants. The present results, together with those reported in mice, strongly suggest that differences in the clinical course of EAE, i.e., acute monophasic or chronic relapsing, is closely related to the presence or absence of "Determinant spread" to minor encephalitogenic epitope(s).