The Experts below are selected from a list of 34452 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Daniel Vilas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
community structure of deep fjord and shelf benthic fauna receiving different detrital kelp inputs in northern norway
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2021Co-Authors: Eva Ramirezllodra, Torstein Pedersen, Karen Filbee Dexter, Freija Hauquier, Katja Guilini, Nina Mikkelsen, Gunhild Borgersen, Margo Van Gyseghem, Ann Vanreusel, Daniel VilasAbstract:Abstract Kelp forests produce large amounts of macroalgal Detritus, ranging from whole plants to small particles (1 mm). The role of this kelp Detritus in fueling deep-sea communities adjacent to healthy kelp forests was investigated in a region in the north of Norway by comparing the community structure and biodiversity of meio-, macro-, and megafauna in two deep (450 m) areas with different expected input of kelp Detritus: a deep fjord basin surrounded by kelp forests and the adjacent continental shelf 15 km offshore from the kelp forests. The results showed that, although the fjord received a significantly higher amount of large kelp Detritus (i.e. blades) than the shelf area, the amount of small kelp Detritus available on the sediment was similar in both areas. There were significant differences in the multidimensional scaling analyses on the community structure for meio-, macro-, and megafauna between the fjord and the shelf. Significant differences were also found in biomass, abundance and biodiversity indices for some groups. However, no clear pattern emerged in the community structure and biodiversity between the fjord and the shelf, and the observed differences could not be linked directly to kelp Detritus availability. The similar amounts of small particles of kelp Detritus in the fjord and shelf area suggest that kelp Detritus can provide organic matter to ecosystems further away than initially hypothesized, thus potentially shaping the structure and functioning of deep benthic communities distant from the kelp forests. Yet, the direct (trophic) links of kelp Detritus and the studied benthic fauna need to be further analysed. The results are discussed in relation to current global changes in kelp forest, including regime shifts from healthy kelp reefs to turfs or barren areas, which reduce drastically the amount of macroalgal Detritus produced and exported.
-
kelp carbon uptake by arctic deep sea food webs plays a noticeable role in maintaining ecosystem structural and functional traits
Journal of Marine Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Torstein Pedersen, Daniel Vilas, Marta Coll, X Corrales, Karen Filbeedexter, Morten Foldager Pedersen, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Stein Fredriksen, Thomas WernbergAbstract:Abstract The flow of non-living carbon (Detritus) is considered an important process because it connects ecosystems and fuels benthic communities. In Norwegian kelp forests, 90% of the kelp production is exported to adjacent ecosystems where it can play a significant role in shaping benthic communities. We quantified the major structural and functional traits of an Arctic deep-sea ecosystem associated with kelp exports and assessed the ecological role of kelp export into the deep-sea system. We first developed a food-web model using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) approach to represent the state of the deep (450 m) ecosystem of the Malangen fjord (Northern Norway) in 2017. Subsequently, we used the temporal dynamic model Ecosim to explore the structure and functioning traits of a theoretical deep-sea ecosystem projecting a decrease of kelp Detritus biomass reaching the deep-sea ecosystem. Overall, our findings reveal that kelp Detritus from shallow coastal areas has a small but noticeable role structuring the deep-sea ecosystem of Malangen. The temporal simulations show important differences depending on the application of mediating effects, which allow considering the Detritus as a mediating group in prey-predator interaction, in addition to its direct role in trophic relationships. When mediating effects are applied, biomass increases for benthopelagic shrimps and suprabenthos groups and decreases for rays and skates, velvet belly, rabbitfish and other commercial demersal fishes under the low kelp Detritus scenarios. Biomass-based and trophic-based indicators reveal a noticeable impact on the deep-sea ecosystem structure due to depletion of kelp Detritus. To further assess future changes of the Arctic deep-sea ecosystems, dependencies with adjacent ecosystems, such as kelp Detritus production, should be included.
Thomas Wernberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
kelp carbon uptake by arctic deep sea food webs plays a noticeable role in maintaining ecosystem structural and functional traits
Journal of Marine Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Torstein Pedersen, Daniel Vilas, Marta Coll, X Corrales, Karen Filbeedexter, Morten Foldager Pedersen, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Stein Fredriksen, Thomas WernbergAbstract:Abstract The flow of non-living carbon (Detritus) is considered an important process because it connects ecosystems and fuels benthic communities. In Norwegian kelp forests, 90% of the kelp production is exported to adjacent ecosystems where it can play a significant role in shaping benthic communities. We quantified the major structural and functional traits of an Arctic deep-sea ecosystem associated with kelp exports and assessed the ecological role of kelp export into the deep-sea system. We first developed a food-web model using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) approach to represent the state of the deep (450 m) ecosystem of the Malangen fjord (Northern Norway) in 2017. Subsequently, we used the temporal dynamic model Ecosim to explore the structure and functioning traits of a theoretical deep-sea ecosystem projecting a decrease of kelp Detritus biomass reaching the deep-sea ecosystem. Overall, our findings reveal that kelp Detritus from shallow coastal areas has a small but noticeable role structuring the deep-sea ecosystem of Malangen. The temporal simulations show important differences depending on the application of mediating effects, which allow considering the Detritus as a mediating group in prey-predator interaction, in addition to its direct role in trophic relationships. When mediating effects are applied, biomass increases for benthopelagic shrimps and suprabenthos groups and decreases for rays and skates, velvet belly, rabbitfish and other commercial demersal fishes under the low kelp Detritus scenarios. Biomass-based and trophic-based indicators reveal a noticeable impact on the deep-sea ecosystem structure due to depletion of kelp Detritus. To further assess future changes of the Arctic deep-sea ecosystems, dependencies with adjacent ecosystems, such as kelp Detritus production, should be included.
-
Movement of pulsed resource subsidies from kelp forests to deep fjords
Oecologia, 2018Co-Authors: Karen Filbee-dexter, Thomas Wernberg, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Eva Ramirez-llodra, Morten Foldager PedersenAbstract:Resource subsidies in the form of allochthonous primary production drive secondary production in many ecosystems, often sustaining diversity and overall productivity. Despite their importance in structuring marine communities, there is little understanding of how subsidies move through juxtaposed habitats and into recipient communities. We investigated the transport of Detritus from kelp forests to a deep Arctic fjord (northern Norway). We quantified the seasonal abundance and size structure of kelp Detritus in shallow subtidal (0‒12 m), deep subtidal (12‒85 m), and deep fjord (400‒450 m) habitats using a combination of camera surveys, dive observations, and Detritus collections over 1 year. Detritus formed dense accumulations in habitats adjacent to kelp forests, and the timing of depositions coincided with the discrete loss of whole kelp blades during spring. We tracked these blades through the deep subtidal and into the deep fjord, and showed they act as a short-term resource pulse transported over several weeks. In deep subtidal regions, Detritus consisted mostly of fragments and its depth distribution was similar across seasons (50% of total observations). Tagged pieces of Detritus moved slowly out of kelp forests (displaced 4‒50 m (mean 11.8 m ± 8.5 SD) in 11‒17 days, based on minimum estimates from recovered pieces), and most (75%) variability in the rate of export was related to wave exposure and substrate. Tight resource coupling between kelp forests and deep fjords indicate that changes in kelp abundance would propagate through to deep fjord ecosystems, with likely consequences for the ecosystem functioning and services they provide.
Torstein Pedersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
community structure of deep fjord and shelf benthic fauna receiving different detrital kelp inputs in northern norway
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2021Co-Authors: Eva Ramirezllodra, Torstein Pedersen, Karen Filbee Dexter, Freija Hauquier, Katja Guilini, Nina Mikkelsen, Gunhild Borgersen, Margo Van Gyseghem, Ann Vanreusel, Daniel VilasAbstract:Abstract Kelp forests produce large amounts of macroalgal Detritus, ranging from whole plants to small particles (1 mm). The role of this kelp Detritus in fueling deep-sea communities adjacent to healthy kelp forests was investigated in a region in the north of Norway by comparing the community structure and biodiversity of meio-, macro-, and megafauna in two deep (450 m) areas with different expected input of kelp Detritus: a deep fjord basin surrounded by kelp forests and the adjacent continental shelf 15 km offshore from the kelp forests. The results showed that, although the fjord received a significantly higher amount of large kelp Detritus (i.e. blades) than the shelf area, the amount of small kelp Detritus available on the sediment was similar in both areas. There were significant differences in the multidimensional scaling analyses on the community structure for meio-, macro-, and megafauna between the fjord and the shelf. Significant differences were also found in biomass, abundance and biodiversity indices for some groups. However, no clear pattern emerged in the community structure and biodiversity between the fjord and the shelf, and the observed differences could not be linked directly to kelp Detritus availability. The similar amounts of small particles of kelp Detritus in the fjord and shelf area suggest that kelp Detritus can provide organic matter to ecosystems further away than initially hypothesized, thus potentially shaping the structure and functioning of deep benthic communities distant from the kelp forests. Yet, the direct (trophic) links of kelp Detritus and the studied benthic fauna need to be further analysed. The results are discussed in relation to current global changes in kelp forest, including regime shifts from healthy kelp reefs to turfs or barren areas, which reduce drastically the amount of macroalgal Detritus produced and exported.
-
kelp carbon uptake by arctic deep sea food webs plays a noticeable role in maintaining ecosystem structural and functional traits
Journal of Marine Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Torstein Pedersen, Daniel Vilas, Marta Coll, X Corrales, Karen Filbeedexter, Morten Foldager Pedersen, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Stein Fredriksen, Thomas WernbergAbstract:Abstract The flow of non-living carbon (Detritus) is considered an important process because it connects ecosystems and fuels benthic communities. In Norwegian kelp forests, 90% of the kelp production is exported to adjacent ecosystems where it can play a significant role in shaping benthic communities. We quantified the major structural and functional traits of an Arctic deep-sea ecosystem associated with kelp exports and assessed the ecological role of kelp export into the deep-sea system. We first developed a food-web model using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) approach to represent the state of the deep (450 m) ecosystem of the Malangen fjord (Northern Norway) in 2017. Subsequently, we used the temporal dynamic model Ecosim to explore the structure and functioning traits of a theoretical deep-sea ecosystem projecting a decrease of kelp Detritus biomass reaching the deep-sea ecosystem. Overall, our findings reveal that kelp Detritus from shallow coastal areas has a small but noticeable role structuring the deep-sea ecosystem of Malangen. The temporal simulations show important differences depending on the application of mediating effects, which allow considering the Detritus as a mediating group in prey-predator interaction, in addition to its direct role in trophic relationships. When mediating effects are applied, biomass increases for benthopelagic shrimps and suprabenthos groups and decreases for rays and skates, velvet belly, rabbitfish and other commercial demersal fishes under the low kelp Detritus scenarios. Biomass-based and trophic-based indicators reveal a noticeable impact on the deep-sea ecosystem structure due to depletion of kelp Detritus. To further assess future changes of the Arctic deep-sea ecosystems, dependencies with adjacent ecosystems, such as kelp Detritus production, should be included.
Antonio R. M. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
O efeito do tamanho de partícula na lixiviação de Scirpus cubensis Poepp & Kunth
Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2003Co-Authors: I. Bianchini, Antonio R. M.Abstract:An investigation was made on the effects of Detritus particle size on leaching rates in organic matter, and the associated environmental changes caused by Detritus re-cycling in an oxbow lake (Lagoa do Infernão). Experiments were conducted during the decay of an aquatic macrophyte specie, S. cubensis, which in turn led to the formation of colored compounds. The S. cubensis were collected from the Lagoa do Infernão and taken to the laboratory where they were washed, dried, and fractionated using a sieve pedological set. The Detritus was classified into six groups according to size, viz. 100, 10, 1.13, 0.78, 0.61, and 0.25 mm. Overall, the fragmentation process tended to increase the Detritus fraction to be dissolved and to decrease the leaching rates owing to the possible dissolution of refracting matter. Fragmentation also caused the amount of colored compounds to increase and appeared to favor dissolved electrolyte release. Finally, in Lagoa do Infernão fragmentation is probably mediated by the metabolic action of benthic communities.Foram realizados estudos a fim de verificar os efeitos do tamanho de partícula dos fragmentos nos coeficientes de lixiviação da matéria orgânica e as mudanças, associadas ao ambiente, causadas pela ciclagem de detritos em uma lagoa marginal (lagoa do Infernão). Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos durante a decomposição de uma espécie de macrófita aquática, Scirpus cubensis, que também gerou compostos coloridos. Os exemplares de S. cubensis foram coletados na lagoa do Infernão e levados ao laboratório, onde foram lavados, secos e fracionados em um conjunto de peneiras pedológicas. Os detritos foram classificados em seis grupos, de acordo com o tamanho: 100, 10, 1,13, 0,78, 0,61 e 0,25 mm. No geral, o processo de fragmentação tendeu a incrementar a fração do detrito a ser dissolvida e diminuir os coeficientes de lixiviação, em razão de possível dissolução da matéria orgânica refratária. A fragmentação também favoreceu a formação de compostos coloridos e a liberação de eletrólitos dissolvidos. Na lagoa do Infernão, a fragmentação, provavelmente, é mediada pela ação metabólica da comunidade bentônica
-
The effect of particle size on the leaching of Scirpus cubensis Poepp & Kunth
Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2003Co-Authors: Bianchini Jr.,i., Antonio R. M.Abstract:An investigation was made on the effects of Detritus particle size on leaching rates in organic matter, and the associated environmental changes caused by Detritus re-cycling in an oxbow lake (Lagoa do Infernão). Experiments were conducted during the decay of an aquatic macrophyte specie, S. cubensis, which in turn led to the formation of colored compounds. The S. cubensis were collected from the Lagoa do Infernão and taken to the laboratory where they were washed, dried, and fractionated using a sieve pedological set. The Detritus was classified into six groups according to size, viz. 100, 10, 1.13, 0.78, 0.61, and 0.25 mm. Overall, the fragmentation process tended to increase the Detritus fraction to be dissolved and to decrease the leaching rates owing to the possible dissolution of refracting matter. Fragmentation also caused the amount of colored compounds to increase and appeared to favor dissolved electrolyte release. Finally, in Lagoa do Infernão fragmentation is probably mediated by the metabolic action of benthic communities
-
The effect of particle size on the leaching of Scirpus cubensis Poepp & Kunth
Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2003Co-Authors: Antonio R. M.Abstract:An investigation was made on the effects of Detritus particle size on leaching rates in organic matter, and the associated environmental changes caused by Detritus re-cycling in an oxbow lake (Lagoa do Infernão). Experiments were conducted during the decay of an aquatic macrophyte specie, S. cubensis, which in turn led to the formation of colored compounds. The S. cubensis were collected from the Lagoa do Infernão and taken to the laboratory where they were washed, dried, and fractionated using a sieve pedological set. The Detritus was classified into six groups according to size, viz. 100, 10, 1.13, 0.78, 0.61, and 0.25 mm. Overall, the fragmentation process tended to increase the Detritus fraction to be dissolved and to decrease the leaching rates owing to the possible dissolution of refracting matter. Fragmentation also caused the amount of colored compounds to increase and appeared to favor dissolved electrolyte release. Finally, in Lagoa do Infernão fragmentation is probably mediated by the metabolic action of benthic communities
Morten Foldager Pedersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
kelp carbon uptake by arctic deep sea food webs plays a noticeable role in maintaining ecosystem structural and functional traits
Journal of Marine Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Torstein Pedersen, Daniel Vilas, Marta Coll, X Corrales, Karen Filbeedexter, Morten Foldager Pedersen, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Stein Fredriksen, Thomas WernbergAbstract:Abstract The flow of non-living carbon (Detritus) is considered an important process because it connects ecosystems and fuels benthic communities. In Norwegian kelp forests, 90% of the kelp production is exported to adjacent ecosystems where it can play a significant role in shaping benthic communities. We quantified the major structural and functional traits of an Arctic deep-sea ecosystem associated with kelp exports and assessed the ecological role of kelp export into the deep-sea system. We first developed a food-web model using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) approach to represent the state of the deep (450 m) ecosystem of the Malangen fjord (Northern Norway) in 2017. Subsequently, we used the temporal dynamic model Ecosim to explore the structure and functioning traits of a theoretical deep-sea ecosystem projecting a decrease of kelp Detritus biomass reaching the deep-sea ecosystem. Overall, our findings reveal that kelp Detritus from shallow coastal areas has a small but noticeable role structuring the deep-sea ecosystem of Malangen. The temporal simulations show important differences depending on the application of mediating effects, which allow considering the Detritus as a mediating group in prey-predator interaction, in addition to its direct role in trophic relationships. When mediating effects are applied, biomass increases for benthopelagic shrimps and suprabenthos groups and decreases for rays and skates, velvet belly, rabbitfish and other commercial demersal fishes under the low kelp Detritus scenarios. Biomass-based and trophic-based indicators reveal a noticeable impact on the deep-sea ecosystem structure due to depletion of kelp Detritus. To further assess future changes of the Arctic deep-sea ecosystems, dependencies with adjacent ecosystems, such as kelp Detritus production, should be included.
-
Movement of pulsed resource subsidies from kelp forests to deep fjords
Oecologia, 2018Co-Authors: Karen Filbee-dexter, Thomas Wernberg, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Eva Ramirez-llodra, Morten Foldager PedersenAbstract:Resource subsidies in the form of allochthonous primary production drive secondary production in many ecosystems, often sustaining diversity and overall productivity. Despite their importance in structuring marine communities, there is little understanding of how subsidies move through juxtaposed habitats and into recipient communities. We investigated the transport of Detritus from kelp forests to a deep Arctic fjord (northern Norway). We quantified the seasonal abundance and size structure of kelp Detritus in shallow subtidal (0‒12 m), deep subtidal (12‒85 m), and deep fjord (400‒450 m) habitats using a combination of camera surveys, dive observations, and Detritus collections over 1 year. Detritus formed dense accumulations in habitats adjacent to kelp forests, and the timing of depositions coincided with the discrete loss of whole kelp blades during spring. We tracked these blades through the deep subtidal and into the deep fjord, and showed they act as a short-term resource pulse transported over several weeks. In deep subtidal regions, Detritus consisted mostly of fragments and its depth distribution was similar across seasons (50% of total observations). Tagged pieces of Detritus moved slowly out of kelp forests (displaced 4‒50 m (mean 11.8 m ± 8.5 SD) in 11‒17 days, based on minimum estimates from recovered pieces), and most (75%) variability in the rate of export was related to wave exposure and substrate. Tight resource coupling between kelp forests and deep fjords indicate that changes in kelp abundance would propagate through to deep fjord ecosystems, with likely consequences for the ecosystem functioning and services they provide.
