The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wayne M Brooks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic variation inbeauveria bassianapopulations associated with the darkling beetle alphitobius diaperinus
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1999Co-Authors: Louela A Castrillo, Brian M Wiegmann, Wayne M BrooksAbstract:Abstract A study was conducted to assess genetic variation within and among populations ofBeauveria bassiana(Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) associated with the darkling beetle,Alphitobius diaperinus(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), using RAPD markers. A hierarchical collection of samples (strains from the same insect specimen, from insects from the same location, and from insects from different locations) was obtained from infected beetles from North Carolina (NC) and West Virginia (WV), USA. Ten primers resolved 81 strains into 80 distinct multiband phenotypes reflecting the substantial amount of variation that was present. Variation present within populations was evident not only in the separation of each strain as a distinct multiband phenotype but also in the separation of strains within a population into separate clusters. Among populations, a group sharing more than 89% similarity was observed among all the strains from Martin Co. and Greene Co., NC and 61% of the strains collected from WV. Some genetic differentiation was present among the other populations but the separation was not distinct with a few strains from some populations showing greater affinity to strains from other collection sites.
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differentiation of beauveria bassiana isolates from the darkling beetle alphitobius diaperinus using isozyme and rapd analyses
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1998Co-Authors: Louela A Castrillo, Wayne M BrooksAbstract:Abstract Two natural genetic markers, isozymes and RAPD, were utilized to differentiate 24 strains of Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) collected from the darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), from poultry houses in North Carolina and West Virginia. Nine enzyme systems were screened, of which alkaline phosphatase, α- and β-esterase, and glucose phosphate isomerase gave well-resolved, scorable bands. A total of 26 isozyme bands was generated by these four enzymes which partitioned the 24 strains into 14 classes. Three classes were shared by two or more strains while the rest of the strains had distinct electrophoretic profiles. Ten RAPD primers, selected from 72 that were screened, produced 141 bands from the 24 strains and separated each as a unique class. While both systems were able to detect variation present among the 24 strains from different regions in North Carolina and West Virginia, RAPD markers provided better resolution of the differences between strains. Variation was detected not only within and among strains from different regions but also among strains collected from a given insect host.
Richard L Wall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toxicity of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae Deuteromycotina hyphomycetes to adult females of the blowfly lucilia sericata diptera calliphoridae
Pest Management Science, 2004Co-Authors: C Wright, A J Brooks, Richard L WallAbstract:The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) is a natural component of soil flora world-wide and is a causal agent of the green muscardine diseases of insects. The use of this pathogen as a potential biocontrol agent against adult females of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was considered. The blowfly L sericata is an economically important agent of cutaneous myiasis of sheep, particularly in northern Europe. Exposure of flies to suspensions of fungal spores by immersion, topical application or tarsal contact with treated surfaces all resulted in high levels of fatal infection. Spores suspended in silicone oil resulted in higher levels of infection (50–70%) than those formulated in a 0.3 g litre−1 solution of the detergent Tween 80 (10–20%). Spore concentration had a significant effect on levels of infection of flies, with the highest levels of mortality (64%) resulting from a suspension of 1 × 107 conidia ml−1. The duration of tarsal contact had a significant effect on levels of infection. Mean infection levels of 30% were observed following exposure of free-flying adults to a single spore-treated, 5 × 15 cm2 cloth surface suspended from the roof of a cage (30 cm cube). The implications of the results for the potential use of M anisopliae in the biocontrol of blowflies are discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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toxicity of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae Deuteromycotina hyphomycetes to adult females of the blowfly lucilia sericata diptera calliphoridae
Pest Management Science, 2004Co-Authors: C Wright, A J Brooks, Richard L WallAbstract:The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) is a natural component of soil flora world-wide and is a causal agent of the green muscardine diseases of insects. The use of this pathogen as a potential biocontrol agent against adult females of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was considered. The blowfly L sericata is an economically important agent of cutaneous myiasis of sheep, particularly in northern Europe. Exposure of flies to suspensions of fungal spores by immersion, topical application or tarsal contact with treated surfaces all resulted in high levels of fatal infection. Spores suspended in silicone oil resulted in higher levels of infection (50-70%) than those formulated in a 0.3 glitre(-1) solution of the detergent Tween 80 (10-20%). Spore concentration had a significant effect on levels of infection of flies, with the highest levels of mortality (64%) resulting from a suspension of 1 x 10(7) conidia ml(-1). The duration of tarsal contact had a significant effect on levels of infection. Mean infection levels of 30% were observed following exposure of free-flying adults to a single spore-treated, 5 x 15 cm2 cloth surface suspended from the roof of a cage (30 cm cube). The implications of the results for the potential use of M anisopliae in the biocontrol of blowflies are discussed.
D.g. Holdom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of nutrients on colony formation growth and sporulation of metarhizium anisopliae Deuteromycotina hyphomycetes
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1995Co-Authors: D.g. HoldomAbstract:Abstract In order to examine some possible effects of plant root exudates on Metarhizium anisopliae , we examined the effects of a range of carbon and nitrogen sources and vitamins on colony formation, mycelial growth, and sporulation of two isolates (EF25 and EF55). We also hoped to provide some information relevant to culturing and production methods for M. anisopliae . Colony formation was inhibited by sorbose on a KNO 3 -based agar medium, but not other carbohydrates. On agar media, sorbose caused abnormal growth and inhibited sporulation by both isolates. All other carbohydrates, but especially soluble starch and mannose, supported growth and sporulation. Oxalic, sorbic, and tartaric acids prevented colony formation. Acetic, citric, and malic acids reduced growth, and acetic and malic acids reduced sporulation. Soy peptone was much better than all simple nitrogen compounds for growth and sporulation. l -glutamine, l -serine, l -asparagine, l -alanine, and KNO 3 were best for growth, and l -cysteine, l -aspartic acid, NH 4 NO 3 , and l -threonine were the worst. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , l -lysine, and l -threonine were best for sporulation. Neither isolate sporulated on l -cysteine, l -glutamine, or l -leucine and little or no sporulation occurred on l -alanine and l -serine. Pyridoxine HCl reduced the growth of EF25, and biotin, pyridoxine, and riboflavin reduced sporulation. Pyridoxine HCl reduced the growth of EF55. Various carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds in plant root exudates could cause premature germination in soil, resulting in loss of inoculum. Organic acids might have the opposite effect, contributing to persistence of conidia in soil, but potentially preventing germination on hosts. Soluble starch may be a useful carbon source for use in production media.
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Effect of Soil Matric Potential on Sporulation and Conidial Survival of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes)
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1993Co-Authors: D.g. HoldomAbstract:Abstract The effects of soil matric potentials of 0 to -15 kPa on the sporulation and conidial survival of two Metarhizium anisopliae isolates (EF25 and M703) were studied in a sandy loam soil and a clay soil. Conidial survival of EF25 declined more rapidly in wet soils (0 and -2.0 kPa) than in moderately dry soils (-10 and -15 kPa). Significant effects of soil matric potentials on conidial survival were observed at 30 days in the clay soil and at 60 days in the sandy loam soil. Sporulation by a mycelial formulation of M703 was also significantly affected by soil matric potential. In both soils, M703 sporulated little at 0 and -2.0 kPa. It produced significantly more conidia at -10 kPa than at other matric potentials in the clay soil, but sporulation was highest at -15 kPa in the sandy loam soil.
Sandeep Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efrapeptin production bytolypocladium fungi Deuteromycotina hyphomycetes intra and interspecific variation
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1992Co-Authors: Stuart B Krasnoff, Sandeep GuptaAbstract:Production of the mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory peptides efrapeptins was evaluated by HPLC analysis in 44 strains of nine species of the fungal genusTolypocladium (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes). Efrapeptin identification was confirmed by mass spectral data for the first time in the speciesT. cylindrosporum. HPLC retention time data indicated thatT. nubicola andT. tundrense, two species not previously known to produce efrapeptins, also produce the peptides. No efrapeptins were detected ( or ∼G > H ∼ D ∼ E > C. Eleven strains ofT. niveum produced detectable amounts of efrapeptins and had efrapeptins D and E as the primary and secondary components, respectively, in the mixture with the order of abundance being D > E > F > C ∼ G. A singleT. niveum strain had an efrapeptin profile similar to that of theT. geodes strains. Ten strains ofT. cylindrosporum had detectable amounts of efrapeptins. Of these, nine had F and one had G as the major component.T. cylindrosporum had higher ratios of E to D than didT. geodes. Efrapeptins were detected in one of twoT. nubicola strains analyzed (F > G > H) and one of threeT. tundrense strains (F > G > H > E).T. niveum strains could, in most cases, be identified to species on the basis of their efrapeptin profiles.
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Identification and directed biosynthesis of efrapeptins in the fungusTolypocladium geodes gams (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes)
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1991Co-Authors: Stuart B Krasnoff, Sandeep GuptaAbstract:HPLC analysis of crude dichloromethane extracts of shaken liquid cultures of the hyphomycetous fungus Tolypocladium geodes Gams revealed the presence of efrapeptins. These peptides, which have mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory activity as well as antifungal and insecticidal properties, are previously known only from the congeneric species, T. niveum Rostrup. The identity of efrapeptins was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and by amino acid analysis. HPLC analyses of efrapeptins extracted from single isolates of both T. geodes and T. niveum indicated that both species produced the same efrapeptins but the profile of relative abundance of the compounds produced was diagnostic for the isolates examined. Efrapeptin F was the major component of the mixture from T. geodes with the order of abundance of the six efrapeptins detected being F >G>D∼E>H>C. Efrapeptin D was the major component from T. niveum with the order of abundance of the six efrapeptins detected being D >E>F>C∼G>H. Efrapeptin F diifers from efrapeptin D by a single amino acid residue, efrapeptin F having an alanine where efrapeptin D has a glycine. Addition of alanine to the culture medium increased the relative abundance of efrapeptin F in the profile of both species. Conversely, addition of glycine increased the relative abundance of efrapeptin D in the profile of both species.
Louela A Castrillo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic variation inbeauveria bassianapopulations associated with the darkling beetle alphitobius diaperinus
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1999Co-Authors: Louela A Castrillo, Brian M Wiegmann, Wayne M BrooksAbstract:Abstract A study was conducted to assess genetic variation within and among populations ofBeauveria bassiana(Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) associated with the darkling beetle,Alphitobius diaperinus(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), using RAPD markers. A hierarchical collection of samples (strains from the same insect specimen, from insects from the same location, and from insects from different locations) was obtained from infected beetles from North Carolina (NC) and West Virginia (WV), USA. Ten primers resolved 81 strains into 80 distinct multiband phenotypes reflecting the substantial amount of variation that was present. Variation present within populations was evident not only in the separation of each strain as a distinct multiband phenotype but also in the separation of strains within a population into separate clusters. Among populations, a group sharing more than 89% similarity was observed among all the strains from Martin Co. and Greene Co., NC and 61% of the strains collected from WV. Some genetic differentiation was present among the other populations but the separation was not distinct with a few strains from some populations showing greater affinity to strains from other collection sites.
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differentiation of beauveria bassiana isolates from the darkling beetle alphitobius diaperinus using isozyme and rapd analyses
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1998Co-Authors: Louela A Castrillo, Wayne M BrooksAbstract:Abstract Two natural genetic markers, isozymes and RAPD, were utilized to differentiate 24 strains of Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) collected from the darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), from poultry houses in North Carolina and West Virginia. Nine enzyme systems were screened, of which alkaline phosphatase, α- and β-esterase, and glucose phosphate isomerase gave well-resolved, scorable bands. A total of 26 isozyme bands was generated by these four enzymes which partitioned the 24 strains into 14 classes. Three classes were shared by two or more strains while the rest of the strains had distinct electrophoretic profiles. Ten RAPD primers, selected from 72 that were screened, produced 141 bands from the 24 strains and separated each as a unique class. While both systems were able to detect variation present among the 24 strains from different regions in North Carolina and West Virginia, RAPD markers provided better resolution of the differences between strains. Variation was detected not only within and among strains from different regions but also among strains collected from a given insect host.