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Giuseppe C Zuccarello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of the red algal parasite vertebrata aterrimophila sp nov rhodomelaceae ceramiales from new zealand
European Journal of Phycology, 2019Co-Authors: Maren Preuss, Giuseppe C ZuccarelloAbstract:© 2019, © 2019 British Phycological Society. Parasitic red algae grow only on other red algae and have over 120 described species. Developmental Studies in red algal parasites are few, although they have shown that secondary pit connections formed between parasite and host and proposed that this was an important process in successful parasitism. Furthermore, it was recorded that the transfer of parasite nuclei by these secondary pit connections led to different host cell effects. We used Developmental Studies to reconstruct early stages and any host cell effects of a parasite on Vertebrata aterrima. A mitochondrial marker (cox1) and morphological observations (light and fluorescence microscopy) were used to describe this new red algal parasite as Vertebrata aterrimophila sp. nov. Early Developmental stages show that a parasite spore connects via secondary pit connections with a pericentral host cell after cuticle penetration. Developmental observations revealed a unique connection cell that grows into a ‘trunk-like’ structure. Host cell transformation after infection by the parasite included apparent increases in both carbohydrate concentrations and nuclear size, as well as structural changes. Analyses of molecular phylogenies and reproductive structures indicated that the closest relative of V. aterrimophila is its host, V. aterrima. Our study shows a novel Developmental parasite stage (‘trunk-like’ cell) and highlights the need for further Developmental Studies to investigate the range of Developmental patterns and host effects in parasitic red algae.
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Development of the red algal parasite Vertebrata aterrimophila sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) from New Zealand
2019Co-Authors: Maren Preuss, Giuseppe C ZuccarelloAbstract:Parasitic red algae grow only on other red algae and have over 120 described species. Developmental Studies in red algal parasites are few, although they have shown that secondary pit connections formed between parasite and host and proposed that this was an important process in successful parasitism. Furthermore, it was recorded that the transfer of parasite nuclei by these secondary pit connections led to different host cell effects. We used Developmental Studies to reconstruct early stages and any host cell effects of a parasite on Vertebrata aterrima. A mitochondrial marker (cox1) and morphological observations (light and fluorescence microscopy) were used to describe this new red algal parasite as Vertebrata aterrimophila sp. nov. Early Developmental stages show that a parasite spore connects via secondary pit connections with a pericentral host cell after cuticle penetration. Developmental observations revealed a unique connection cell that grows into a ‘trunk-like’ structure. Host cell transformation after infection by the parasite included apparent increases in both carbohydrate concentrations and nuclear size, as well as structural changes. Analyses of molecular phylogenies and reproductive structures indicated that the closest relative of V. aterrimophila is its host, V. aterrima. Our study shows a novel Developmental parasite stage (‘trunk-like’ cell) and highlights the need for further Developmental Studies to investigate the range of Developmental patterns and host effects in parasitic red algae.
Maren Preuss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of the red algal parasite vertebrata aterrimophila sp nov rhodomelaceae ceramiales from new zealand
European Journal of Phycology, 2019Co-Authors: Maren Preuss, Giuseppe C ZuccarelloAbstract:© 2019, © 2019 British Phycological Society. Parasitic red algae grow only on other red algae and have over 120 described species. Developmental Studies in red algal parasites are few, although they have shown that secondary pit connections formed between parasite and host and proposed that this was an important process in successful parasitism. Furthermore, it was recorded that the transfer of parasite nuclei by these secondary pit connections led to different host cell effects. We used Developmental Studies to reconstruct early stages and any host cell effects of a parasite on Vertebrata aterrima. A mitochondrial marker (cox1) and morphological observations (light and fluorescence microscopy) were used to describe this new red algal parasite as Vertebrata aterrimophila sp. nov. Early Developmental stages show that a parasite spore connects via secondary pit connections with a pericentral host cell after cuticle penetration. Developmental observations revealed a unique connection cell that grows into a ‘trunk-like’ structure. Host cell transformation after infection by the parasite included apparent increases in both carbohydrate concentrations and nuclear size, as well as structural changes. Analyses of molecular phylogenies and reproductive structures indicated that the closest relative of V. aterrimophila is its host, V. aterrima. Our study shows a novel Developmental parasite stage (‘trunk-like’ cell) and highlights the need for further Developmental Studies to investigate the range of Developmental patterns and host effects in parasitic red algae.
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Development of the red algal parasite Vertebrata aterrimophila sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) from New Zealand
2019Co-Authors: Maren Preuss, Giuseppe C ZuccarelloAbstract:Parasitic red algae grow only on other red algae and have over 120 described species. Developmental Studies in red algal parasites are few, although they have shown that secondary pit connections formed between parasite and host and proposed that this was an important process in successful parasitism. Furthermore, it was recorded that the transfer of parasite nuclei by these secondary pit connections led to different host cell effects. We used Developmental Studies to reconstruct early stages and any host cell effects of a parasite on Vertebrata aterrima. A mitochondrial marker (cox1) and morphological observations (light and fluorescence microscopy) were used to describe this new red algal parasite as Vertebrata aterrimophila sp. nov. Early Developmental stages show that a parasite spore connects via secondary pit connections with a pericentral host cell after cuticle penetration. Developmental observations revealed a unique connection cell that grows into a ‘trunk-like’ structure. Host cell transformation after infection by the parasite included apparent increases in both carbohydrate concentrations and nuclear size, as well as structural changes. Analyses of molecular phylogenies and reproductive structures indicated that the closest relative of V. aterrimophila is its host, V. aterrima. Our study shows a novel Developmental parasite stage (‘trunk-like’ cell) and highlights the need for further Developmental Studies to investigate the range of Developmental patterns and host effects in parasitic red algae.
Taketoshi Kiya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Refinement of ectopic protein expression through the GAL4/UAS system in Bombyx mori: application to behavioral and Developmental Studies
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Chiho Hara, Masafumi Iwami, Koudai Morishita, Seika Takayanagi-kiya, Akihisa Mikami, Keiro Uchino, Takeshi Sakurai, Ryohei Kanzaki, Hideki Sezutsu, Taketoshi KiyaAbstract:Silkmoth, Bombyx mori , is one of the important model insects in which transgenic techniques and the GAL4/UAS system are applicable. However, due to cytotoxicity and low transactivation activity of GAL4, effectiveness of the GAL4/UAS system and its application in B. mori are still limited. In the present study, we refined the previously reported UAS vector by exploiting transcriptional and translational enhancers, and achieved 200-fold enhancement of reporter GFP fluorescence in the GAL4/UAS system. Enhanced protein expression of membrane-targeted GFP and calcium indicator protein (GCaMP5G) drastically improved visualization of fine neurite structures and neural activity, respectively. Also, with the refined system, we generated a transgenic strain that expresses tetanus toxin light chain (TeTxLC), which blocks synaptic transmission, under the control of GAL4. Ectopic TeTxLC expression in the sex pheromone receptor neurons inhibited male courtship behavior, proving effectiveness of TeTxLC on loss-of-function analyses of neural circuits. In addition, suppression of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) or insulin-like peptide (bombyxin) secretion impaired Developmental timing and growth rate, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed that larval growth is sex-differentially regulated by these peptide hormones. The present study provides important technical underpinnings of transgenic approaches in silkmoths and insights into mechanisms of postembryonic development in insects.
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refinement of ectopic protein expression through the gal4 uas system in bombyx mori application to behavioral and Developmental Studies
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Chiho Hara, Masafumi Iwami, Koudai Morishita, Akihisa Mikami, Keiro Uchino, Takeshi Sakurai, Ryohei Kanzaki, Hideki Sezutsu, Seika Takayanagikiya, Taketoshi KiyaAbstract:Silkmoth, Bombyx mori, is one of the important model insects in which transgenic techniques and the GAL4/UAS system are applicable. However, due to cytotoxicity and low transactivation activity of GAL4, effectiveness of the GAL4/UAS system and its application in B. mori are still limited. In the present study, we refined the previously reported UAS vector by exploiting transcriptional and translational enhancers, and achieved 200-fold enhancement of reporter GFP fluorescence in the GAL4/UAS system. Enhanced protein expression of membrane-targeted GFP and calcium indicator protein (GCaMP5G) drastically improved visualization of fine neurite structures and neural activity, respectively. Also, with the refined system, we generated a transgenic strain that expresses tetanus toxin light chain (TeTxLC), which blocks synaptic transmission, under the control of GAL4. Ectopic TeTxLC expression in the sex pheromone receptor neurons inhibited male courtship behavior, proving effectiveness of TeTxLC on loss-of-function analyses of neural circuits. In addition, suppression of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) or insulin-like peptide (bombyxin) secretion impaired Developmental timing and growth rate, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed that larval growth is sex-differentially regulated by these peptide hormones. The present study provides important technical underpinnings of transgenic approaches in silkmoths and insights into mechanisms of postembryonic development in insects.
Barry S C Leadbeater - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Developmental Studies on the loricate choanoflagellate stephanoeca diplocostata ellis viii nuclear division and cytokinesis
European Journal of Protistology, 1994Co-Authors: Barry S C LeadbeaterAbstract:Summary In S. diplocostata the end of interphase coincides with the completion of costal strip production. The protoplast enlarges and the endomembrane system, consisting of the Golgi apparatus and ER, is active in producing fibrillar material which is stored in vesicles at the anterior end of the protoplast. Immediately prior to division the flagellum is withdrawn into the protoplast to one side of the flagellar base. The axonematal microtubules are apparently severed in the transition region and the axoneme is withdrawn deep into the protoplast where it becomes surrounded by the endomembrane system and is depolymerised. A second flagellar base appears beside the base of the resorbed flagellum. Both flagellar bases have a proximal ring of radial cytoskeletal microtubules. At the beginning of nuclear division the anterior portion of the nuclear envelope disperses and, as one of the flagellar bases moves away from the anterior end, the spindle microtubules appear. In a median longitudinal section of the nucleus during metaphase the symmetrical arrangement of spindle microtubules between the two polar flagellar bases is observed. Following nuclear division the two flagellar bases migrate, one to the lower end of the parent protoplast and the other, which was at the anterior end, moves towards the equator. The proximal ring of cytoskeletal microtubules around each flagellar base is prominent at this stage and it seems likely that the movement of the collar tentacles towards the equator is coordinated by these microtubules. During telophase organelles are shared out between the developing daughter protoplasts. As the protoplast divides to produce two discrete daughter protoplasts the two flagellar bases move to a central equatorial position and are inverted with respect to each other. The vesicles containing fibrillar material remain within the anterior (juvenile) protoplast. Their ultimate disappearance coincides with lorica assembly and it is probable that the fibrillar material is used in the formation of the lorica investment.
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Developmental Studies on the loricate choanoflagellate stephanoeca diplocostata ellis vii dynamics of costal strip accumulation and lorica assembly
European Journal of Protistology, 1994Co-Authors: Barry S C LeadbeaterAbstract:Summary The barrel-shaped lorica of S. diplocostata consists of two chambers. The anterior chamber contains between 15–24 regularly spaced longitudinal costae, each costa comprising 3 costal strips arranged end-to-end. Four transverse costae are located within the longitudinal costae; one forms the anterior ring, one forms the waist costa and the other two are equally spaced in between. Costae of the posterior chamber comprise two spirals, the longitudinal spiral being outside the transverse spiral. The posterior chamber terminates in a pedicel. All costal strips in the lorica are curved narrow rods, which are circular in cross section, except the strips of the the waist costa which are thicker and are ovoid in cross section. During interphase the protoplast deposits groups of costal strips individually within silica deposition vesicles. When mature, strips are transferred in subgroupings to the top of the inner surface of the collar. The waist costal strips are produced early in interphase but are not all stored within one subgrouping. Details are presented regarding the spatial and numerical reorganization of the collar tentacles during division. The parent cell tentacles are probably shared out equally between the two daughter protoplasts. On the juvenile protoplast the tentacles received from the parent protoplast form the anterolateral and posterior tentacles whereas on the sister they contribute towards the collar. By the end of cell division approximately equal numbers of new tentacles have developed on each protoplast. The manner in which the subgroupings of costal strips interact with the tentacles during division is discussed. The functional significance of tectiform replication is explored. It is concluded that development of a voluminous lorica in conjunction with tectiform replication has allowed loricate choanoflagellates to adopt a free-floating, planktonic habit independent of a substratum. The acquisition of this habit has resulted in loricate choanoflagellates becoming one of the most successful groups of heterotrophic nanoflagellates to colonise the marine pelagic environment including relatively unproductive waters where particle aggregates are few and far between.
Chiho Hara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Refinement of ectopic protein expression through the GAL4/UAS system in Bombyx mori: application to behavioral and Developmental Studies
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Chiho Hara, Masafumi Iwami, Koudai Morishita, Seika Takayanagi-kiya, Akihisa Mikami, Keiro Uchino, Takeshi Sakurai, Ryohei Kanzaki, Hideki Sezutsu, Taketoshi KiyaAbstract:Silkmoth, Bombyx mori , is one of the important model insects in which transgenic techniques and the GAL4/UAS system are applicable. However, due to cytotoxicity and low transactivation activity of GAL4, effectiveness of the GAL4/UAS system and its application in B. mori are still limited. In the present study, we refined the previously reported UAS vector by exploiting transcriptional and translational enhancers, and achieved 200-fold enhancement of reporter GFP fluorescence in the GAL4/UAS system. Enhanced protein expression of membrane-targeted GFP and calcium indicator protein (GCaMP5G) drastically improved visualization of fine neurite structures and neural activity, respectively. Also, with the refined system, we generated a transgenic strain that expresses tetanus toxin light chain (TeTxLC), which blocks synaptic transmission, under the control of GAL4. Ectopic TeTxLC expression in the sex pheromone receptor neurons inhibited male courtship behavior, proving effectiveness of TeTxLC on loss-of-function analyses of neural circuits. In addition, suppression of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) or insulin-like peptide (bombyxin) secretion impaired Developmental timing and growth rate, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed that larval growth is sex-differentially regulated by these peptide hormones. The present study provides important technical underpinnings of transgenic approaches in silkmoths and insights into mechanisms of postembryonic development in insects.
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refinement of ectopic protein expression through the gal4 uas system in bombyx mori application to behavioral and Developmental Studies
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Chiho Hara, Masafumi Iwami, Koudai Morishita, Akihisa Mikami, Keiro Uchino, Takeshi Sakurai, Ryohei Kanzaki, Hideki Sezutsu, Seika Takayanagikiya, Taketoshi KiyaAbstract:Silkmoth, Bombyx mori, is one of the important model insects in which transgenic techniques and the GAL4/UAS system are applicable. However, due to cytotoxicity and low transactivation activity of GAL4, effectiveness of the GAL4/UAS system and its application in B. mori are still limited. In the present study, we refined the previously reported UAS vector by exploiting transcriptional and translational enhancers, and achieved 200-fold enhancement of reporter GFP fluorescence in the GAL4/UAS system. Enhanced protein expression of membrane-targeted GFP and calcium indicator protein (GCaMP5G) drastically improved visualization of fine neurite structures and neural activity, respectively. Also, with the refined system, we generated a transgenic strain that expresses tetanus toxin light chain (TeTxLC), which blocks synaptic transmission, under the control of GAL4. Ectopic TeTxLC expression in the sex pheromone receptor neurons inhibited male courtship behavior, proving effectiveness of TeTxLC on loss-of-function analyses of neural circuits. In addition, suppression of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) or insulin-like peptide (bombyxin) secretion impaired Developmental timing and growth rate, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed that larval growth is sex-differentially regulated by these peptide hormones. The present study provides important technical underpinnings of transgenic approaches in silkmoths and insights into mechanisms of postembryonic development in insects.