The Experts below are selected from a list of 3516 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Quanlai Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wing loading not terminal velocity is the best parameter to predict capacity of Diaspores for secondary wind dispersal
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Charles C. Baskin, Jeremy M Baskin, Zhigang Wang, Zhimin Liu, Minghu Liu, Xuanping Qin, Zhiming Xin, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:Lift-off velocity may be the most useful surrogate to measure the secondary dispersal capacity of Diaspores. However, the most important Diaspore attribute determining Diaspore lift-off velocity is unclear. Furthermore, it is not known whether terminal velocity used to characterize the primary dispersal capacity of Diaspores can also be used to predict their secondary wind dispersal capacity. Here, we investigate how Diaspore attributes are related to lift-off velocity. Thirty-six species with Diaspores differing in mass, shape index, projected area, wing loading, and terminal velocity were used in a wind tunnel to determine the relationship between Diaspore attributes and lift-off velocity. We found that Diaspore attributes largely explained the variation in lift-off velocity, and wing loading, not terminal velocity, was the best parameter for predicting lift-off velocity of Diaspores during secondary wind dispersal. The relative importance of Diaspore attributes in determining lift-off velocity was modified by both upwind and downwind slope directions and type of Diaspore appendage. These findings allow us to predict Diaspore dispersal behaviors using readily available Diaspore functional attributes, and they indicate that wing loading is the best proxy for estimating the capacity for secondary dispersal by wind.
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responses of secondary wind dispersal to environmental characteristics and Diaspore morphology of seven calligonum species
Land Degradation & Development, 2020Co-Authors: Quanlai Zhou, Wei Liang, Zhimin Liu, Xuanping Qin, Zhiming Xin, Stefani Daryanto, Lixin Wang, Yongcui Wang, Yingming Zhao, Xue CuiAbstract:Secondary Diaspore dispersal by wind, that is, wind‐driven movement along the ground surface (GS), is important for the structure and dynamics of plant populations and communities. However, how wind velocity (WV), GS, and Diaspore morphology influence Diaspore secondary dispersal by wind are unclear. We used a wind tunnel and video camera to measure the threshold of WV (TWV) and Diaspore velocities (DV) of secondary Diaspore dispersal. Diaspores of seven Calligonum species with different appendages (wings, bristles, membranous balloon, and wings + thorns) were used to determine the TWV and DV under variable wind speed (4, 6, 8, and 10 m s‐¹) and four GSs (cement, sand, loam, and gravel). GS and Diaspore morphological traits explained 37.1 and 18% of Diaspore TWV, respectively. Meanwhile, WV, GS, and Diaspore morphological traits explained 62.4, 13.6, and 3.2% of DV, respectively. An increasing trend was shown for TWV, and a decreasing trend was shown for DV in the order of cement, sand, loam, and gravel surfaces. Spherical and light Diaspores had low TWV and high DV, whereas winged and heavy Diaspores had high TWV and low DV. Our results indicated that adaptive features of Diaspore appendages might be the result of selection for primary dispersal or secondary dispersal. The mechanism of Diaspore secondary dispersal is important for understanding the recovery of degraded sand dunes and providing theoretical support for restoration practices.
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wing loading not terminal velocity is the best parameter to predict capacity of Diaspores for secondary wind dispersal
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Charles C. Baskin, Zhi Su, Jeremy M Baskin, Zhigang Wang, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:Lift-off velocity may be the most useful surrogate to measure secondary dispersal capacity of Diaspores. However, the most important Diaspore attribute determining Diaspore lift-off velocity is unclear. Furthermore, it is not known whether terminal velocity used to characterize the primary dispersal capacity of Diaspores also can be used to predict their secondary wind dispersal capacity. Here, we investigate how Diaspore attributes are related to lift-off velocity. Thirty-six species with Diaspores differing in mass, shape index, projected area, wing loading and terminal velocity were used in a wind tunnel to determine the relationship between Diaspore attributes and lift-off velocity. We found that Diaspore attributes largely explained the variation in lift-off velocity, and wing loading, not terminal velocity, was the best parameter for predicting lift-off velocity of Diaspores during secondary wind dispersal. The relative importance of Diaspore attributes in determining lift-off velocity was modified by both upwind and downwind slope directions and type of Diaspore appendage. These findings allow us to predict Diaspore dispersal behaviors using readily available Diaspore functional attributes, and they indicate that wing loading is the best proxy for estimating the capacity for secondary dispersal by wind.
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how do Diaspore traits wind speed and sand surface configuration interact to determine seed burial during wind dispersal
Plant and Soil, 2019Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Zhigang Wang, Zhimin Liu, Minghu Liu, Xuanping Qin, Zhiming Xin, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:How landscape configuration, dispersal agents and Diaspore features interact to determine the input of seeds into the soil, which is the first part of the formation of a soil seed bank, is a major challenge. This study explored the role of Diaspore traits and sand surface configuration in determining the number of seeds that become buried during wind dispersal. We investigated seed burial probability of 36 species with different Diaspore traits under eight wind speeds and three sand surface configurations during wind dispersal by using a wind tunnel. Wind speed rather than Diaspore traits and sand surface configuration was the most important factor affecting the burial of seeds. Effects of slope direction and surface barrier on seed burial were regulated by wind speed. Effects of Diaspore traits on seed burial were only significant at high wind speeds, and seed burial was more likely to be formed for small or flat elongated Diaspores than for large or spherical ones. The effect of Diaspore traits on seed burial is modified by the shifts in wind speed and sand surface configuration.
Wei Liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wing loading not terminal velocity is the best parameter to predict capacity of Diaspores for secondary wind dispersal
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Charles C. Baskin, Jeremy M Baskin, Zhigang Wang, Zhimin Liu, Minghu Liu, Xuanping Qin, Zhiming Xin, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:Lift-off velocity may be the most useful surrogate to measure the secondary dispersal capacity of Diaspores. However, the most important Diaspore attribute determining Diaspore lift-off velocity is unclear. Furthermore, it is not known whether terminal velocity used to characterize the primary dispersal capacity of Diaspores can also be used to predict their secondary wind dispersal capacity. Here, we investigate how Diaspore attributes are related to lift-off velocity. Thirty-six species with Diaspores differing in mass, shape index, projected area, wing loading, and terminal velocity were used in a wind tunnel to determine the relationship between Diaspore attributes and lift-off velocity. We found that Diaspore attributes largely explained the variation in lift-off velocity, and wing loading, not terminal velocity, was the best parameter for predicting lift-off velocity of Diaspores during secondary wind dispersal. The relative importance of Diaspore attributes in determining lift-off velocity was modified by both upwind and downwind slope directions and type of Diaspore appendage. These findings allow us to predict Diaspore dispersal behaviors using readily available Diaspore functional attributes, and they indicate that wing loading is the best proxy for estimating the capacity for secondary dispersal by wind.
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responses of secondary wind dispersal to environmental characteristics and Diaspore morphology of seven calligonum species
Land Degradation & Development, 2020Co-Authors: Quanlai Zhou, Wei Liang, Zhimin Liu, Xuanping Qin, Zhiming Xin, Stefani Daryanto, Lixin Wang, Yongcui Wang, Yingming Zhao, Xue CuiAbstract:Secondary Diaspore dispersal by wind, that is, wind‐driven movement along the ground surface (GS), is important for the structure and dynamics of plant populations and communities. However, how wind velocity (WV), GS, and Diaspore morphology influence Diaspore secondary dispersal by wind are unclear. We used a wind tunnel and video camera to measure the threshold of WV (TWV) and Diaspore velocities (DV) of secondary Diaspore dispersal. Diaspores of seven Calligonum species with different appendages (wings, bristles, membranous balloon, and wings + thorns) were used to determine the TWV and DV under variable wind speed (4, 6, 8, and 10 m s‐¹) and four GSs (cement, sand, loam, and gravel). GS and Diaspore morphological traits explained 37.1 and 18% of Diaspore TWV, respectively. Meanwhile, WV, GS, and Diaspore morphological traits explained 62.4, 13.6, and 3.2% of DV, respectively. An increasing trend was shown for TWV, and a decreasing trend was shown for DV in the order of cement, sand, loam, and gravel surfaces. Spherical and light Diaspores had low TWV and high DV, whereas winged and heavy Diaspores had high TWV and low DV. Our results indicated that adaptive features of Diaspore appendages might be the result of selection for primary dispersal or secondary dispersal. The mechanism of Diaspore secondary dispersal is important for understanding the recovery of degraded sand dunes and providing theoretical support for restoration practices.
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wing loading not terminal velocity is the best parameter to predict capacity of Diaspores for secondary wind dispersal
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Charles C. Baskin, Zhi Su, Jeremy M Baskin, Zhigang Wang, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:Lift-off velocity may be the most useful surrogate to measure secondary dispersal capacity of Diaspores. However, the most important Diaspore attribute determining Diaspore lift-off velocity is unclear. Furthermore, it is not known whether terminal velocity used to characterize the primary dispersal capacity of Diaspores also can be used to predict their secondary wind dispersal capacity. Here, we investigate how Diaspore attributes are related to lift-off velocity. Thirty-six species with Diaspores differing in mass, shape index, projected area, wing loading and terminal velocity were used in a wind tunnel to determine the relationship between Diaspore attributes and lift-off velocity. We found that Diaspore attributes largely explained the variation in lift-off velocity, and wing loading, not terminal velocity, was the best parameter for predicting lift-off velocity of Diaspores during secondary wind dispersal. The relative importance of Diaspore attributes in determining lift-off velocity was modified by both upwind and downwind slope directions and type of Diaspore appendage. These findings allow us to predict Diaspore dispersal behaviors using readily available Diaspore functional attributes, and they indicate that wing loading is the best proxy for estimating the capacity for secondary dispersal by wind.
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how do Diaspore traits wind speed and sand surface configuration interact to determine seed burial during wind dispersal
Plant and Soil, 2019Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Zhigang Wang, Zhimin Liu, Minghu Liu, Xuanping Qin, Zhiming Xin, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:How landscape configuration, dispersal agents and Diaspore features interact to determine the input of seeds into the soil, which is the first part of the formation of a soil seed bank, is a major challenge. This study explored the role of Diaspore traits and sand surface configuration in determining the number of seeds that become buried during wind dispersal. We investigated seed burial probability of 36 species with different Diaspore traits under eight wind speeds and three sand surface configurations during wind dispersal by using a wind tunnel. Wind speed rather than Diaspore traits and sand surface configuration was the most important factor affecting the burial of seeds. Effects of slope direction and surface barrier on seed burial were regulated by wind speed. Effects of Diaspore traits on seed burial were only significant at high wind speeds, and seed burial was more likely to be formed for small or flat elongated Diaspores than for large or spherical ones. The effect of Diaspore traits on seed burial is modified by the shifts in wind speed and sand surface configuration.
Andre Jardim Arruda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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topsoil disturbance reshapes Diaspore interactions with ground foraging animals in a megadiverse grassland
Journal of Vegetation Science, 2020Co-Authors: João Messeder, Andre Jardim Arruda, Fernanda Vieira Da Costa, Tadeu J Guerra, Patricia A Junqueira, Roberta L C Dayrell, Hanna T S RodriguesAbstract:Questions: Anthropogenic disturbances are known to be followed by extremely poor recovery in edaphic grasslands. However, the role of interactions with Diaspore predators and secondary dispersers, which compose the dispersal filter and modulate plant community recovery, has been overlooked. We performed field experiments to investigate how soil disturbances affect Diaspore interactions with the ground‐foraging fauna to better understand how disturbance influences regeneration potential. Location: Campo rupestre vegetation, megadiverse edaphic grasslands, southeastern Brazil. Methods: We used Diaspores from five native species to compare removal rates between disturbed (top soil removal) and preserved sites; we also controlled invertebrate and vertebrate access to determine their role. In addition, we assessed differences in the Diaspore removal effectiveness (DRE) and the structure of animal–Diaspore interactions through network based‐approach. Results: For three species, the average Diaspore removal rates was relatively high (between 30% and 70%). Invertebrates were the most common removal agents in both disturbed and preserved sites. Interactions with foraging fauna and removal rates were 20% smaller in disturbed sites. Considering all Diaspore removal events in disturbed sites, 24% resulted in the displacement from disturbed to preserved sites, but no Diaspore was transported from preserved to disturbed ones. The animal–Diaspore network was exclusively composed by ant–Diaspore interactions and was more diverse and robust in preserved sites compared with disturbed ones. Seed predator ants (Pheidole and Dorymyrmex) were more common in disturbed sites. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the DRE between ant species and site types, suggesting specificity in the provision of dispersal services. Conclusions: Topsoil removal affected removal proportions, DRE and ant–Diaspore interaction network structure. The lack of Diaspore dispersal towards disturbed sites indicates that soil removal affects secondary seed removal dynamics, impeding recovery potential. Disturbance negatively affected Diaspore fate by reshaping interactions with ground‐foraging secondary seed dispersers and predators, constraining the development of seed bank and thus impacting upon vegetation dynamics and resilience.
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handling by avian frugivores affects Diaspore secondary removal
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Tadeu J Guerra, João Messeder, Andre Jardim Arruda, Roberta L C Dayrell, Lisieux Franco Fuzessy, Frederico De Siqueira Neves, Fernando A O SilveiraAbstract:The balance between the costs and benefits of fleshy fruit production depends on the feeding behavior of their seed dispersers, which might effectively disperse seeds to farther areas or drop beneath parent plants some Diaspores they handle during frugivory bouts. Nevertheless, the consequences of variation in fruit handling by primary seed dispersers on the secondary removal of Diaspores remains poorly understood. We conducted a field study to determine how variation in fruit handling by avian frugivores affects short-term secondary removal of Miconia irwinii (Melastomataceae) Diaspores by the ground-dwelling fauna in campo rupestre vegetation, southeastern Brazil. We conducted factorial experiments manipulating: (1) different outcomes of primary fruit/seed removal by birds, (2) distances of Diaspore deposition from conspecifics, and (3) the access of ants and vertebrates to Diaspores. We showed that secondary removal of Diaspores was highly variable at the population scale, with an overall low removal rate by the ground-dwelling fauna (13% seeds, 19% fruits). However, we found that gut-passed seeds embedded in bird feces were less removed than seeds expelled from fruits. Gut-passed seeds were more likely to be removed by ant species acting as secondary dispersers, whereas pulp-free seeds dropped by birds were likely to interact with potential seed predators, including ants and rodents. We found no clear effect of dispersal from parent plant vicinity on seed removal, but fruit removal was significantly higher near parent plants. Partially defleshed fruits were more removed than intact fruits. The removal of fruits by ant and vertebrate rescuers, including lizards and birds, might reduce the costs of interactions with less effective dispersers that drop partially defleshed fruits under parent plants. Our study highlights that variation in fruit handling by primary avian seed dispersers mediate subsequent interactions among discarded Diaspores and ground-dwelling animals, potentially affecting final seed fates. Moreover, we argue that escape-related benefits of dispersal can be contingent on how primary dispersers handle and discard seeds.
Zhigang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wing loading not terminal velocity is the best parameter to predict capacity of Diaspores for secondary wind dispersal
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Charles C. Baskin, Jeremy M Baskin, Zhigang Wang, Zhimin Liu, Minghu Liu, Xuanping Qin, Zhiming Xin, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:Lift-off velocity may be the most useful surrogate to measure the secondary dispersal capacity of Diaspores. However, the most important Diaspore attribute determining Diaspore lift-off velocity is unclear. Furthermore, it is not known whether terminal velocity used to characterize the primary dispersal capacity of Diaspores can also be used to predict their secondary wind dispersal capacity. Here, we investigate how Diaspore attributes are related to lift-off velocity. Thirty-six species with Diaspores differing in mass, shape index, projected area, wing loading, and terminal velocity were used in a wind tunnel to determine the relationship between Diaspore attributes and lift-off velocity. We found that Diaspore attributes largely explained the variation in lift-off velocity, and wing loading, not terminal velocity, was the best parameter for predicting lift-off velocity of Diaspores during secondary wind dispersal. The relative importance of Diaspore attributes in determining lift-off velocity was modified by both upwind and downwind slope directions and type of Diaspore appendage. These findings allow us to predict Diaspore dispersal behaviors using readily available Diaspore functional attributes, and they indicate that wing loading is the best proxy for estimating the capacity for secondary dispersal by wind.
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wing loading not terminal velocity is the best parameter to predict capacity of Diaspores for secondary wind dispersal
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Charles C. Baskin, Zhi Su, Jeremy M Baskin, Zhigang Wang, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:Lift-off velocity may be the most useful surrogate to measure secondary dispersal capacity of Diaspores. However, the most important Diaspore attribute determining Diaspore lift-off velocity is unclear. Furthermore, it is not known whether terminal velocity used to characterize the primary dispersal capacity of Diaspores also can be used to predict their secondary wind dispersal capacity. Here, we investigate how Diaspore attributes are related to lift-off velocity. Thirty-six species with Diaspores differing in mass, shape index, projected area, wing loading and terminal velocity were used in a wind tunnel to determine the relationship between Diaspore attributes and lift-off velocity. We found that Diaspore attributes largely explained the variation in lift-off velocity, and wing loading, not terminal velocity, was the best parameter for predicting lift-off velocity of Diaspores during secondary wind dispersal. The relative importance of Diaspore attributes in determining lift-off velocity was modified by both upwind and downwind slope directions and type of Diaspore appendage. These findings allow us to predict Diaspore dispersal behaviors using readily available Diaspore functional attributes, and they indicate that wing loading is the best proxy for estimating the capacity for secondary dispersal by wind.
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how do Diaspore traits wind speed and sand surface configuration interact to determine seed burial during wind dispersal
Plant and Soil, 2019Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Zhigang Wang, Zhimin Liu, Minghu Liu, Xuanping Qin, Zhiming Xin, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:How landscape configuration, dispersal agents and Diaspore features interact to determine the input of seeds into the soil, which is the first part of the formation of a soil seed bank, is a major challenge. This study explored the role of Diaspore traits and sand surface configuration in determining the number of seeds that become buried during wind dispersal. We investigated seed burial probability of 36 species with different Diaspore traits under eight wind speeds and three sand surface configurations during wind dispersal by using a wind tunnel. Wind speed rather than Diaspore traits and sand surface configuration was the most important factor affecting the burial of seeds. Effects of slope direction and surface barrier on seed burial were regulated by wind speed. Effects of Diaspore traits on seed burial were only significant at high wind speeds, and seed burial was more likely to be formed for small or flat elongated Diaspores than for large or spherical ones. The effect of Diaspore traits on seed burial is modified by the shifts in wind speed and sand surface configuration.
Jeremy M Baskin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wing loading not terminal velocity is the best parameter to predict capacity of Diaspores for secondary wind dispersal
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Charles C. Baskin, Jeremy M Baskin, Zhigang Wang, Zhimin Liu, Minghu Liu, Xuanping Qin, Zhiming Xin, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:Lift-off velocity may be the most useful surrogate to measure the secondary dispersal capacity of Diaspores. However, the most important Diaspore attribute determining Diaspore lift-off velocity is unclear. Furthermore, it is not known whether terminal velocity used to characterize the primary dispersal capacity of Diaspores can also be used to predict their secondary wind dispersal capacity. Here, we investigate how Diaspore attributes are related to lift-off velocity. Thirty-six species with Diaspores differing in mass, shape index, projected area, wing loading, and terminal velocity were used in a wind tunnel to determine the relationship between Diaspore attributes and lift-off velocity. We found that Diaspore attributes largely explained the variation in lift-off velocity, and wing loading, not terminal velocity, was the best parameter for predicting lift-off velocity of Diaspores during secondary wind dispersal. The relative importance of Diaspore attributes in determining lift-off velocity was modified by both upwind and downwind slope directions and type of Diaspore appendage. These findings allow us to predict Diaspore dispersal behaviors using readily available Diaspore functional attributes, and they indicate that wing loading is the best proxy for estimating the capacity for secondary dispersal by wind.
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wing loading not terminal velocity is the best parameter to predict capacity of Diaspores for secondary wind dispersal
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Liang, Charles C. Baskin, Zhi Su, Jeremy M Baskin, Zhigang Wang, Quanlai ZhouAbstract:Lift-off velocity may be the most useful surrogate to measure secondary dispersal capacity of Diaspores. However, the most important Diaspore attribute determining Diaspore lift-off velocity is unclear. Furthermore, it is not known whether terminal velocity used to characterize the primary dispersal capacity of Diaspores also can be used to predict their secondary wind dispersal capacity. Here, we investigate how Diaspore attributes are related to lift-off velocity. Thirty-six species with Diaspores differing in mass, shape index, projected area, wing loading and terminal velocity were used in a wind tunnel to determine the relationship between Diaspore attributes and lift-off velocity. We found that Diaspore attributes largely explained the variation in lift-off velocity, and wing loading, not terminal velocity, was the best parameter for predicting lift-off velocity of Diaspores during secondary wind dispersal. The relative importance of Diaspore attributes in determining lift-off velocity was modified by both upwind and downwind slope directions and type of Diaspore appendage. These findings allow us to predict Diaspore dispersal behaviors using readily available Diaspore functional attributes, and they indicate that wing loading is the best proxy for estimating the capacity for secondary dispersal by wind.