The Experts below are selected from a list of 30 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael D. Coleman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE A Predictive In VitroModel of the Impact of Drugs with Anticholinergic Properties on
2016Co-Authors: Human Neuronal, Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Astrocytic Systems, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:The link between off-target anticholinergic effects of medications and acute cognitive im-pairment in older adults requires urgent investigation. We aimed to determine whether a rel-evant in vitromodel may aid the identification of anticholinergic responses to drugs and the prediction of anticholinergic risk during polypharmacy. In this preliminary study we em-ployed a co-culture of human-derived neurons and astrocytes (NT2.N/A) derived from the NT2 cell line. NT2.N/A cells possess much of the functionality of mature neurons and astro-cytes, key cholinergic phenotypic markers and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The cholinergic response of NT2 astrocytes to the mAChR agonist oxotremor-ine was examined using the fluorescent dye fluo-4 to quantitate increases in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of this response by drugs classified as severe (Dicycloverine, ami-triptyline), moderate (cyclobenzaprine) and possible (cimetidine) on the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale, was examined after exposure to individual and pairs of com-pounds. Individually, Dicycloverine had the most significant effect regarding inhibition of the astrocytic cholinergic response to oxotremorine, followed by amitriptyline then cycloben
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Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (n = 3), ± SEM (nM) for each combination of two drugs.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine/cyclobenzaprine vs Dicycloverine/amitriptyline,b Dicycloverine/amitriptyline vs amitriptyline/cyclobenzaprine,c Dicycloverine/cimetidine vs cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine andd cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine vs amitriptyline/cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001‘Predicted’ ACB score from linear addition of individual drug ACB scores (Table 2).Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
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Effects of anticholinergic agents on NT2.N/A culture responses to the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:A) Effect of perfusion of NT2.N/A cultures with oxotremorine for 1 min on release of Ca2+ from astrocytic membrane bound stores; showing a sigmoidal log concentration-response curve for [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes. B) Inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by single anticholinergic drugs, Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonist; Dicycloverine (□ open square), amitriptyline (■ solid square), cyclobenzaprine (● solid circle) and cimetidine (▲ solid triangle). C) Comparison of the inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by anticholinergic drugs in combination. Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonists in combination; amitriptyline and cimetidine (● solid circle), cyclobenzaprine and cimetidine (○ open circle), amitriptyline and cyclobenzaprine (▲ solid triangle), Dicycloverine and cimetidine (Δ open triangle), Dicycloverine and amitriptyline (■ solid square) and Dicycloverine and cyclobenzaprine (□ open square). All values determined using the fluorescent calcium dye fluo-4. Results are expressed as a percentage of the 100 μM (A) and 2.5 μM (B & C) oxotremorine values (designated the maximal response) following background correction. Data points represent the mean ± SEM of the means from three separate experiments.
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Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (μM) ± SEM (n = 3) for each drug.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine vs amitriptyline,b amitriptyline vs cyclobenzaprine andc cyclobenzaprine vs cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.
Elizabeth K. Woehrling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE A Predictive In VitroModel of the Impact of Drugs with Anticholinergic Properties on
2016Co-Authors: Human Neuronal, Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Astrocytic Systems, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:The link between off-target anticholinergic effects of medications and acute cognitive im-pairment in older adults requires urgent investigation. We aimed to determine whether a rel-evant in vitromodel may aid the identification of anticholinergic responses to drugs and the prediction of anticholinergic risk during polypharmacy. In this preliminary study we em-ployed a co-culture of human-derived neurons and astrocytes (NT2.N/A) derived from the NT2 cell line. NT2.N/A cells possess much of the functionality of mature neurons and astro-cytes, key cholinergic phenotypic markers and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The cholinergic response of NT2 astrocytes to the mAChR agonist oxotremor-ine was examined using the fluorescent dye fluo-4 to quantitate increases in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of this response by drugs classified as severe (Dicycloverine, ami-triptyline), moderate (cyclobenzaprine) and possible (cimetidine) on the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale, was examined after exposure to individual and pairs of com-pounds. Individually, Dicycloverine had the most significant effect regarding inhibition of the astrocytic cholinergic response to oxotremorine, followed by amitriptyline then cycloben
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Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (n = 3), ± SEM (nM) for each combination of two drugs.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine/cyclobenzaprine vs Dicycloverine/amitriptyline,b Dicycloverine/amitriptyline vs amitriptyline/cyclobenzaprine,c Dicycloverine/cimetidine vs cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine andd cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine vs amitriptyline/cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001‘Predicted’ ACB score from linear addition of individual drug ACB scores (Table 2).Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
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Effects of anticholinergic agents on NT2.N/A culture responses to the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:A) Effect of perfusion of NT2.N/A cultures with oxotremorine for 1 min on release of Ca2+ from astrocytic membrane bound stores; showing a sigmoidal log concentration-response curve for [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes. B) Inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by single anticholinergic drugs, Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonist; Dicycloverine (□ open square), amitriptyline (■ solid square), cyclobenzaprine (● solid circle) and cimetidine (▲ solid triangle). C) Comparison of the inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by anticholinergic drugs in combination. Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonists in combination; amitriptyline and cimetidine (● solid circle), cyclobenzaprine and cimetidine (○ open circle), amitriptyline and cyclobenzaprine (▲ solid triangle), Dicycloverine and cimetidine (Δ open triangle), Dicycloverine and amitriptyline (■ solid square) and Dicycloverine and cyclobenzaprine (□ open square). All values determined using the fluorescent calcium dye fluo-4. Results are expressed as a percentage of the 100 μM (A) and 2.5 μM (B & C) oxotremorine values (designated the maximal response) following background correction. Data points represent the mean ± SEM of the means from three separate experiments.
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Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (μM) ± SEM (n = 3) for each drug.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine vs amitriptyline,b amitriptyline vs cyclobenzaprine andc cyclobenzaprine vs cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.
Christopher G. Fox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE A Predictive In VitroModel of the Impact of Drugs with Anticholinergic Properties on
2016Co-Authors: Human Neuronal, Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Astrocytic Systems, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:The link between off-target anticholinergic effects of medications and acute cognitive im-pairment in older adults requires urgent investigation. We aimed to determine whether a rel-evant in vitromodel may aid the identification of anticholinergic responses to drugs and the prediction of anticholinergic risk during polypharmacy. In this preliminary study we em-ployed a co-culture of human-derived neurons and astrocytes (NT2.N/A) derived from the NT2 cell line. NT2.N/A cells possess much of the functionality of mature neurons and astro-cytes, key cholinergic phenotypic markers and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The cholinergic response of NT2 astrocytes to the mAChR agonist oxotremor-ine was examined using the fluorescent dye fluo-4 to quantitate increases in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of this response by drugs classified as severe (Dicycloverine, ami-triptyline), moderate (cyclobenzaprine) and possible (cimetidine) on the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale, was examined after exposure to individual and pairs of com-pounds. Individually, Dicycloverine had the most significant effect regarding inhibition of the astrocytic cholinergic response to oxotremorine, followed by amitriptyline then cycloben
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Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (n = 3), ± SEM (nM) for each combination of two drugs.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine/cyclobenzaprine vs Dicycloverine/amitriptyline,b Dicycloverine/amitriptyline vs amitriptyline/cyclobenzaprine,c Dicycloverine/cimetidine vs cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine andd cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine vs amitriptyline/cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001‘Predicted’ ACB score from linear addition of individual drug ACB scores (Table 2).Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
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Effects of anticholinergic agents on NT2.N/A culture responses to the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:A) Effect of perfusion of NT2.N/A cultures with oxotremorine for 1 min on release of Ca2+ from astrocytic membrane bound stores; showing a sigmoidal log concentration-response curve for [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes. B) Inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by single anticholinergic drugs, Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonist; Dicycloverine (□ open square), amitriptyline (■ solid square), cyclobenzaprine (● solid circle) and cimetidine (▲ solid triangle). C) Comparison of the inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by anticholinergic drugs in combination. Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonists in combination; amitriptyline and cimetidine (● solid circle), cyclobenzaprine and cimetidine (○ open circle), amitriptyline and cyclobenzaprine (▲ solid triangle), Dicycloverine and cimetidine (Δ open triangle), Dicycloverine and amitriptyline (■ solid square) and Dicycloverine and cyclobenzaprine (□ open square). All values determined using the fluorescent calcium dye fluo-4. Results are expressed as a percentage of the 100 μM (A) and 2.5 μM (B & C) oxotremorine values (designated the maximal response) following background correction. Data points represent the mean ± SEM of the means from three separate experiments.
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Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (μM) ± SEM (n = 3) for each drug.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine vs amitriptyline,b amitriptyline vs cyclobenzaprine andc cyclobenzaprine vs cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.
Rheinallt H. Parri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE A Predictive In VitroModel of the Impact of Drugs with Anticholinergic Properties on
2016Co-Authors: Human Neuronal, Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Astrocytic Systems, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:The link between off-target anticholinergic effects of medications and acute cognitive im-pairment in older adults requires urgent investigation. We aimed to determine whether a rel-evant in vitromodel may aid the identification of anticholinergic responses to drugs and the prediction of anticholinergic risk during polypharmacy. In this preliminary study we em-ployed a co-culture of human-derived neurons and astrocytes (NT2.N/A) derived from the NT2 cell line. NT2.N/A cells possess much of the functionality of mature neurons and astro-cytes, key cholinergic phenotypic markers and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The cholinergic response of NT2 astrocytes to the mAChR agonist oxotremor-ine was examined using the fluorescent dye fluo-4 to quantitate increases in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of this response by drugs classified as severe (Dicycloverine, ami-triptyline), moderate (cyclobenzaprine) and possible (cimetidine) on the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale, was examined after exposure to individual and pairs of com-pounds. Individually, Dicycloverine had the most significant effect regarding inhibition of the astrocytic cholinergic response to oxotremorine, followed by amitriptyline then cycloben
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Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (n = 3), ± SEM (nM) for each combination of two drugs.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine/cyclobenzaprine vs Dicycloverine/amitriptyline,b Dicycloverine/amitriptyline vs amitriptyline/cyclobenzaprine,c Dicycloverine/cimetidine vs cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine andd cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine vs amitriptyline/cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001‘Predicted’ ACB score from linear addition of individual drug ACB scores (Table 2).Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
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Effects of anticholinergic agents on NT2.N/A culture responses to the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:A) Effect of perfusion of NT2.N/A cultures with oxotremorine for 1 min on release of Ca2+ from astrocytic membrane bound stores; showing a sigmoidal log concentration-response curve for [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes. B) Inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by single anticholinergic drugs, Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonist; Dicycloverine (□ open square), amitriptyline (■ solid square), cyclobenzaprine (● solid circle) and cimetidine (▲ solid triangle). C) Comparison of the inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by anticholinergic drugs in combination. Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonists in combination; amitriptyline and cimetidine (● solid circle), cyclobenzaprine and cimetidine (○ open circle), amitriptyline and cyclobenzaprine (▲ solid triangle), Dicycloverine and cimetidine (Δ open triangle), Dicycloverine and amitriptyline (■ solid square) and Dicycloverine and cyclobenzaprine (□ open square). All values determined using the fluorescent calcium dye fluo-4. Results are expressed as a percentage of the 100 μM (A) and 2.5 μM (B & C) oxotremorine values (designated the maximal response) following background correction. Data points represent the mean ± SEM of the means from three separate experiments.
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Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (μM) ± SEM (n = 3) for each drug.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine vs amitriptyline,b amitriptyline vs cyclobenzaprine andc cyclobenzaprine vs cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.
Erin H. Y. Tse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE A Predictive In VitroModel of the Impact of Drugs with Anticholinergic Properties on
2016Co-Authors: Human Neuronal, Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Astrocytic Systems, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:The link between off-target anticholinergic effects of medications and acute cognitive im-pairment in older adults requires urgent investigation. We aimed to determine whether a rel-evant in vitromodel may aid the identification of anticholinergic responses to drugs and the prediction of anticholinergic risk during polypharmacy. In this preliminary study we em-ployed a co-culture of human-derived neurons and astrocytes (NT2.N/A) derived from the NT2 cell line. NT2.N/A cells possess much of the functionality of mature neurons and astro-cytes, key cholinergic phenotypic markers and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The cholinergic response of NT2 astrocytes to the mAChR agonist oxotremor-ine was examined using the fluorescent dye fluo-4 to quantitate increases in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of this response by drugs classified as severe (Dicycloverine, ami-triptyline), moderate (cyclobenzaprine) and possible (cimetidine) on the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale, was examined after exposure to individual and pairs of com-pounds. Individually, Dicycloverine had the most significant effect regarding inhibition of the astrocytic cholinergic response to oxotremorine, followed by amitriptyline then cycloben
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Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (n = 3), ± SEM (nM) for each combination of two drugs.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine/cyclobenzaprine vs Dicycloverine/amitriptyline,b Dicycloverine/amitriptyline vs amitriptyline/cyclobenzaprine,c Dicycloverine/cimetidine vs cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine andd cyclobenzaprine/cimetidine vs amitriptyline/cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001‘Predicted’ ACB score from linear addition of individual drug ACB scores (Table 2).Summary of the IC50 (nM) values obtained for the antagonist drugs in combinations as indicated, along with their ‘predicted’ ACB scores.
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Effects of anticholinergic agents on NT2.N/A culture responses to the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:A) Effect of perfusion of NT2.N/A cultures with oxotremorine for 1 min on release of Ca2+ from astrocytic membrane bound stores; showing a sigmoidal log concentration-response curve for [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes. B) Inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by single anticholinergic drugs, Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonist; Dicycloverine (□ open square), amitriptyline (■ solid square), cyclobenzaprine (● solid circle) and cimetidine (▲ solid triangle). C) Comparison of the inhibition of the astrocytic response to the EC50 concentration of oxotremorine by anticholinergic drugs in combination. Sigmoidal log concentration—response curves for inhibition of the [Ca2+]i increase in the NT2 astrocytes in response to increasing concentrations of antagonists in combination; amitriptyline and cimetidine (● solid circle), cyclobenzaprine and cimetidine (○ open circle), amitriptyline and cyclobenzaprine (▲ solid triangle), Dicycloverine and cimetidine (Δ open triangle), Dicycloverine and amitriptyline (■ solid square) and Dicycloverine and cyclobenzaprine (□ open square). All values determined using the fluorescent calcium dye fluo-4. Results are expressed as a percentage of the 100 μM (A) and 2.5 μM (B & C) oxotremorine values (designated the maximal response) following background correction. Data points represent the mean ± SEM of the means from three separate experiments.
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Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.
2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth K. Woehrling, Rheinallt H. Parri, Erin H. Y. Tse, Eric J. Hill, Ian D. Maidment, Christopher G. Fox, Michael D. ColemanAbstract:Values represent the mean IC50 values (μM) ± SEM (n = 3) for each drug.Compared IC50s;a Dicycloverine vs amitriptyline,b amitriptyline vs cyclobenzaprine andc cyclobenzaprine vs cimetidine.* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001Summary of the IC50 (μM) values obtained for each antagonist drug with their respective Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Serum Anticholinergic Activity (SAA) scores.