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Ronald L Akers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social learning theory
The Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Ronald L Akers, Christine S SellersAbstract:Social learning theory is one of the most widely tested and cited criminological theories in the field. Since Burgess and Akers's first conceptualization and Akers's more recent refinements of social learning theory, a considerable amount of support has been evidenced surrounding its four theoretical components: Differential Association, Differential reinforcement, definitions, and imitation. Furthermore, social learning variables are also found to be robust predictors of crime and deviance alongside other general theories of crime. This entry reviews the theoretical propositions of social learning theory and the empirical tests of the theory and concludes with a consideration of future directions for research. Keywords: Criminology; Delinquency; Learning; Sociology; Sociology of Crime
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The Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology - Social Learning Theory
2011Co-Authors: Ronald L Akers, Christine S SellersAbstract:Social learning theory is one of the most widely tested and cited criminological theories in the field. Since Burgess and Akers's first conceptualization and Akers's more recent refinements of social learning theory, a considerable amount of support has been evidenced surrounding its four theoretical components: Differential Association, Differential reinforcement, definitions, and imitation. Furthermore, social learning variables are also found to be robust predictors of crime and deviance alongside other general theories of crime. This entry reviews the theoretical propositions of social learning theory and the empirical tests of the theory and concludes with a consideration of future directions for research. Keywords: Criminology; Delinquency; Learning; Sociology; Sociology of Crime
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is stalking a learned phenomenon an empirical test of social learning theory
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2011Co-Authors: Matt R Nobles, Ronald L AkersAbstract:We examine the extent to which components of social learning theory (i.e., definitions, Differential reinforcement, and Differential Association/modeling) predict stalking victimization and perpetration using survey data from a large sample of college students.
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the social learning theory of crime and deviance
2009Co-Authors: Ronald L Akers, Wesley G JenningsAbstract:The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of Akers’ social learning theory including its theoretical foundations and four central explanatory concepts of Differential Association, definitions, Differential reinforcement, and imitation. Akers (Social learning and social structure: a general theory of crime and deviance. Northeastern University Press, Boston, 1998) has extended social learning theory to the macro-level, and thus we provide a look at the assumptions, concepts, and propositions of his social structure social learning model (SSSL). This discussion is followed by an examination of empirical research that has investigated the ability of social learning theory to account for variation in criminal and deviant behavior and a review of the evidence on the SSSL model pointing toward future directions for social learning and social structure. The chapter concludes with a look at the applications of social learning theory to programs and policies.
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social learning theory and the explanation of crime a guide for the new century
2003Co-Authors: Ronald L Akers, Gary F JensenAbstract:Most recently, social learning theory has been referred to as "perhaps the dominant theory of crime and delinquency in the United States" (Agnew 1999437). Yet the theory is often misrepresented, equated with Differential Association theory, or depicted as little more than a micro-level appendage to cultural deviance theories. Earlier attempts to clarify the unique features of the theory in comparison to other theories and apply it to macro-level issues are extended in this volume as it focuses on developing, applying, and testing the theory on a variety of criminal and delinquent behavior and application of the theory to treatment and prevention, moving social learning into a global context for the twenty-first century.
Christine S Sellers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using structural equations to model akers social learning theory with data on intimate partner violence
Crime & Delinquency, 2017Co-Authors: John K Cochran, Jon Maskaly, Shayne Jones, Christine S SellersAbstract:Akers’ social learning theory (SLT) is one of the predominate theories of criminal behavior; moreover, its empirical validity has been consistently supported by the extant research literature. However, a number of limitations plague this literature: Rarely is the full social learning model tested such that all four social learning constructs are operationalized and, where complete tests are found, they have either focused near exclusively on substance use/abuse or have examined only the direct, independent effects of its key theoretical constructs. The present study employs structural equations to test a more complete SLT model against self-reported data on intimate partner violence. Doing so permits an examination of both the direct and indirect effects of Differential Association, imitation, definitions, and Differential reinforcement as well as the reciprocal/feedback effects of intimate partner violence back onto these social learning constructs as explicated by Akers.
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social learning theory
The Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Ronald L Akers, Christine S SellersAbstract:Social learning theory is one of the most widely tested and cited criminological theories in the field. Since Burgess and Akers's first conceptualization and Akers's more recent refinements of social learning theory, a considerable amount of support has been evidenced surrounding its four theoretical components: Differential Association, Differential reinforcement, definitions, and imitation. Furthermore, social learning variables are also found to be robust predictors of crime and deviance alongside other general theories of crime. This entry reviews the theoretical propositions of social learning theory and the empirical tests of the theory and concludes with a consideration of future directions for research. Keywords: Criminology; Delinquency; Learning; Sociology; Sociology of Crime
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The Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology - Social Learning Theory
2011Co-Authors: Ronald L Akers, Christine S SellersAbstract:Social learning theory is one of the most widely tested and cited criminological theories in the field. Since Burgess and Akers's first conceptualization and Akers's more recent refinements of social learning theory, a considerable amount of support has been evidenced surrounding its four theoretical components: Differential Association, Differential reinforcement, definitions, and imitation. Furthermore, social learning variables are also found to be robust predictors of crime and deviance alongside other general theories of crime. This entry reviews the theoretical propositions of social learning theory and the empirical tests of the theory and concludes with a consideration of future directions for research. Keywords: Criminology; Delinquency; Learning; Sociology; Sociology of Crime
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the empirical status of social learning theory a meta analysis
Justice Quarterly, 2010Co-Authors: Travis C Pratt, Christine S Sellers, Thomas L Winfree, Tamara D Madensen, Leah E Daigle, Francis T Cullen, Noelle E FearnAbstract:Social learning theory has remained one of the core criminological paradigms over the last four decades. Although a large body of scholarship has emerged testing various propositions specified by the theory, the empirical status of the theory in its entirety is still unknown. Accordingly, in the present study, we subject this body of empirical literature to a meta‐analysis to assess its empirical status. Results reveal considerable variation in the magnitude and stability of effect sizes for variables specified by social learning theory across different methodological specifications. In particular, relationships of crime/deviance to measures of Differential Association and definitions (or antisocial attitudes) are quite strong, yet those for Differential reinforcement and modeling/imitation are modest at best. Furthermore, effect sizes for Differential Association, definitions, and Differential reinforcement all differed significantly according to variations in model specification and research designs acr...
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The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory: A Meta‐Analysis
Justice Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Travis C Pratt, Christine S Sellers, Tamara D Madensen, Leah E Daigle, L. Thomas Winfree, Francis T Cullen, Noelle E FearnAbstract:Social learning theory has remained one of the core criminological paradigms over the last four decades. Although a large body of scholarship has emerged testing various propositions specified by the theory, the empirical status of the theory in its entirety is still unknown. Accordingly, in the present study, we subject this body of empirical literature to a meta‐analysis to assess its empirical status. Results reveal considerable variation in the magnitude and stability of effect sizes for variables specified by social learning theory across different methodological specifications. In particular, relationships of crime/deviance to measures of Differential Association and definitions (or antisocial attitudes) are quite strong, yet those for Differential reinforcement and modeling/imitation are modest at best. Furthermore, effect sizes for Differential Association, definitions, and Differential reinforcement all differed significantly according to variations in model specification and research designs acr...
Piet Bracke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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public stigma and self stigma Differential Association with attitudes toward formal and informal help seeking
Psychiatric Services, 2014Co-Authors: Elise Pattyn, Mieke Verhaeghe, Charlotte Sercu, Piet BrackeAbstract:ObjectiveIndividuals in need of psychiatric treatment often avoid seeking help because of stigma. This study examined the impact of two stigma dimensions on help-seeking attitudes. Perceived public stigma refers to discrimination and devaluation by others, and anticipated self-stigma refers to internalization of negative stereotypes about people who seek help.MethodsData were from the 2009 Stigma in a Global Context–Belgian Mental Health Study, in which face-to-face interviews were conducted with a representative sample of the general Belgian population. The study reported here included 728 respondents who received a vignette depicting major depression or schizophrenia. Perceived public stigma and anticipated self-stigma were measured with validated instruments. Respondents’ attitudes toward help seeking were measured by the importance they assigned to care from formal and informal providers: general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists, family members, or friends. Multiple linear regression models...
Marco Piccinelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Somatic symptoms of distress: an international primary care study.
Psychosomatic Medicine, 1996Co-Authors: Gregory E. Simon, Richard Gater, Steven Kisely, Marco PiccinelliAbstract:The objective of this study was to examine cross-national differences in somatic symptoms associated with psychological distress. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) collaborative study of psychological problems in general health care (5438 patients at 15 sites) were used to examine somatic symptoms associated with psychological distress. At each site, a stratified random sample of consecutive primary care patients completed the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). At all sites, the number of current CIDI somatic symptoms (whether medically explained or not) was strongly associated with current psychological distress (measured by selected GHQ-28 items). Pearson correlation of somatic symptom count with psychological distress score was .42 for all sites and ranged from .20 to .58 (p < .0001 at all sites). Across all sites, anxiety and depressive symptoms showed roughly the same Association with somatic symptom counts, and specific somatic symptoms or symptom clusters did not show Differential Association with anxiety or depression. Although somatic symptoms did cluster into meaningful groups (gastrointestinal, neurological/conversion, autonomic, and musculoskeletal), these symptom groups did not show Differential Association with psychological distress. Examination of individual somatic symptoms and symptom clusters across sites did not reveal clear patterns of Association according to geography or level of economic development. These data show a strong Association between somatic symptoms and psychological distress, which did not vary across disparate cultures and levels of economic development. Cultural factors, however, may influence the meaning attached to symptoms or the likelihood of presentation for health care.
Jorge M. Chavez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY AND INTIMATE VIOLENCE AMONG MEN PARTICIPATING IN A FAMILY VIOLENCE INTERVENTION PROGRAM
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2009Co-Authors: Jennifer Wareham, Denise Paquette Boots, Jorge M. ChavezAbstract:ABSTRACT Akers’ social learning theory is a general framework explaining both conforming and non-conforming behavior. This rubric has become one of the most influential theories in examining deviance. Tests of learning theory as an explanation for domestic violence, however, have been limited in number and with regard to the populations and outcomes examined. The present study tests the ability of Akers’ social learning theory to explain self-reported intimate partner violence among 204 male domestic batterers attending a court-mandated family violence program. Consistent with the theory, the findings indicated that Differential Association was the strongest predictor of intimate partner violence. Contrary to the theory, Differential reinforcement and imitation were significantly and negatively related to intimate partner violence. Overall, the results provided weak and mixed support for social learning theory. Implications and directions for future research based on the findings are discussed.