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Hisataka Kobayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • interstitial near infrared photoimmunotherapy effective treatment areas and light doses needed for use with fiber optic Diffusers
    Oncotarget, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shuhei Okuyama, Tadanobu Nagaya, Kazuhide Sato, Fusa Ogata, Yasuhiro Maruoka, Peter L Choyke, Hisataka Kobayashi
    Abstract:

    // Shuhei Okuyama 1 , Tadanobu Nagaya 1 , Kazuhide Sato 1 , Fusa Ogata 1 , Yasuhiro Maruoka 1 , Peter L. Choyke 1 and Hisataka Kobayashi 1 1 National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Molecular Imaging Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States Correspondence to: Hisataka Kobayashi, email: kobayash@mail.nih.gov Keywords: near-infrared photoimmunotherapy; interstitial light illumination; optical fiber diffuser; effective area Received: December 21, 2017      Accepted: January 19, 2018      Published: January 27, 2018 ABSTRACT Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), a promising cancer therapy utilizing an antibody-photoabsorber conjugate (APC) and NIR light, which induces rapid necrotic cell death only in APC-bound cells. Effective NIR-PIT in mouse models has been achieved using superficial light illumination (SLI) with light emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers, but in the clinical setting, fiber optic Diffusers have been employed to deliver light to deeper tumors. However, the performance of NIR light in tissue delivered by fiber optic Diffusers is poorly understood. Here, we investigated NIR-PIT using a cylindrical fiber optic diffuser in a mouse model of A431 tumors. NIR-PIT with 100 J/cm, the same light dose used in clinical trials of NIR-PIT, was applied after insertion of the diffuser within the tumor bed, and then both bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging were analyzed to assess the therapeutic efficacy. The diffuser can deliver adequate NIR light dose for effective NIR-PIT to the A431 tumor at a distance of approximately 1 cm around the light source at 100 J/cm. At 50 J/cm NIR light effective NIR-PIT was reduced to a distance of 5 – 7 mm diameter around the light source. These results indicate that the energy of interstitial light (measured in Joules/cm) administered via a fiber diffuser determines the depth of effective NIR-PIT around the diffuser and determines the spacing at which such Diffusers should be placed to entirely cover the tumor. Thermal measurements demonstrate that interstitial light for NIR-PIT does not cause damage to the skin overlying the diffuser.

  • interstitial near infrared photoimmunotherapy effective treatment areas and light doses needed for use with fiber optic Diffusers
    Oncotarget, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shuhei Okuyama, Tadanobu Nagaya, Kazuhide Sato, Fusa Ogata, Yasuhiro Maruoka, Peter L Choyke, Hisataka Kobayashi
    Abstract:

    Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), a promising cancer therapy utilizing an antibody-photoabsorber conjugate (APC) and NIR light, which induces rapid necrotic cell death only in APC-bound cells. Effective NIR-PIT in mouse models has been achieved using superficial light illumination (SLI) with light emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers, but in the clinical setting, fiber optic Diffusers have been employed to deliver light to deeper tumors. However, the performance of NIR light in tissue delivered by fiber optic Diffusers is poorly understood. Here, we investigated NIR-PIT using a cylindrical fiber optic diffuser in a mouse model of A431 tumors. NIR-PIT with 100 J/cm, the same light dose used in clinical trials of NIR-PIT, was applied after insertion of the diffuser within the tumor bed, and then both bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging were analyzed to assess the therapeutic efficacy. The diffuser can deliver adequate NIR light dose for effective NIR-PIT to the A431 tumor at a distance of approximately 1 cm around the light source at 100 J/cm. At 50 J/cm NIR light effective NIR-PIT was reduced to a distance of 5 - 7 mm diameter around the light source. These results indicate that the energy of interstitial light (measured in Joules/cm) administered via a fiber diffuser determines the depth of effective NIR-PIT around the diffuser and determines the spacing at which such Diffusers should be placed to entirely cover the tumor. Thermal measurements demonstrate that interstitial light for NIR-PIT does not cause damage to the skin overlying the diffuser.

Shuhei Okuyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • interstitial near infrared photoimmunotherapy effective treatment areas and light doses needed for use with fiber optic Diffusers
    Oncotarget, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shuhei Okuyama, Tadanobu Nagaya, Kazuhide Sato, Fusa Ogata, Yasuhiro Maruoka, Peter L Choyke, Hisataka Kobayashi
    Abstract:

    // Shuhei Okuyama 1 , Tadanobu Nagaya 1 , Kazuhide Sato 1 , Fusa Ogata 1 , Yasuhiro Maruoka 1 , Peter L. Choyke 1 and Hisataka Kobayashi 1 1 National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Molecular Imaging Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States Correspondence to: Hisataka Kobayashi, email: kobayash@mail.nih.gov Keywords: near-infrared photoimmunotherapy; interstitial light illumination; optical fiber diffuser; effective area Received: December 21, 2017      Accepted: January 19, 2018      Published: January 27, 2018 ABSTRACT Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), a promising cancer therapy utilizing an antibody-photoabsorber conjugate (APC) and NIR light, which induces rapid necrotic cell death only in APC-bound cells. Effective NIR-PIT in mouse models has been achieved using superficial light illumination (SLI) with light emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers, but in the clinical setting, fiber optic Diffusers have been employed to deliver light to deeper tumors. However, the performance of NIR light in tissue delivered by fiber optic Diffusers is poorly understood. Here, we investigated NIR-PIT using a cylindrical fiber optic diffuser in a mouse model of A431 tumors. NIR-PIT with 100 J/cm, the same light dose used in clinical trials of NIR-PIT, was applied after insertion of the diffuser within the tumor bed, and then both bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging were analyzed to assess the therapeutic efficacy. The diffuser can deliver adequate NIR light dose for effective NIR-PIT to the A431 tumor at a distance of approximately 1 cm around the light source at 100 J/cm. At 50 J/cm NIR light effective NIR-PIT was reduced to a distance of 5 – 7 mm diameter around the light source. These results indicate that the energy of interstitial light (measured in Joules/cm) administered via a fiber diffuser determines the depth of effective NIR-PIT around the diffuser and determines the spacing at which such Diffusers should be placed to entirely cover the tumor. Thermal measurements demonstrate that interstitial light for NIR-PIT does not cause damage to the skin overlying the diffuser.

  • interstitial near infrared photoimmunotherapy effective treatment areas and light doses needed for use with fiber optic Diffusers
    Oncotarget, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shuhei Okuyama, Tadanobu Nagaya, Kazuhide Sato, Fusa Ogata, Yasuhiro Maruoka, Peter L Choyke, Hisataka Kobayashi
    Abstract:

    Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), a promising cancer therapy utilizing an antibody-photoabsorber conjugate (APC) and NIR light, which induces rapid necrotic cell death only in APC-bound cells. Effective NIR-PIT in mouse models has been achieved using superficial light illumination (SLI) with light emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers, but in the clinical setting, fiber optic Diffusers have been employed to deliver light to deeper tumors. However, the performance of NIR light in tissue delivered by fiber optic Diffusers is poorly understood. Here, we investigated NIR-PIT using a cylindrical fiber optic diffuser in a mouse model of A431 tumors. NIR-PIT with 100 J/cm, the same light dose used in clinical trials of NIR-PIT, was applied after insertion of the diffuser within the tumor bed, and then both bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging were analyzed to assess the therapeutic efficacy. The diffuser can deliver adequate NIR light dose for effective NIR-PIT to the A431 tumor at a distance of approximately 1 cm around the light source at 100 J/cm. At 50 J/cm NIR light effective NIR-PIT was reduced to a distance of 5 - 7 mm diameter around the light source. These results indicate that the energy of interstitial light (measured in Joules/cm) administered via a fiber diffuser determines the depth of effective NIR-PIT around the diffuser and determines the spacing at which such Diffusers should be placed to entirely cover the tumor. Thermal measurements demonstrate that interstitial light for NIR-PIT does not cause damage to the skin overlying the diffuser.

Daniel Rusch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the matching of a vaned diffuser with a radial compressor impeller and its effect on the stage performance
    ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, 2014
    Co-Authors: Michael Casey, Daniel Rusch
    Abstract:

    The matching of a vaned diffuser with a centrifugal impeller is examined with a one-dimensional (1D) analysis combined with extensive experimental data. A matching equation is derived to define the required throat area of the diffuser relative to the throat area of the impeller at different design speeds and validated by comparison with a wide range of compressor designs. The matching equation is then used to give design guidelines for the throat area of vaned Diffusers operating with impellers at different tip-speed Mach numbers.An analysis of test data for a range of high pressure ratio turbocharger compressor stages is presented in which different matching between the diffuser and the impeller has been experimentally examined. The test data includes different impellers with different diffuser throat areas over a wide range of speeds. It is shown that the changes in performance with speed and diffuser throat area can be explained on the basis of the tip-speed Mach number which causes both the diffuser and impeller to choke at the same mass flow. Based on this understanding, a radial compressor map prediction method is extended to include this parameter, so that more accurate maps for matched and mismatched vaned Diffusers can be predicted.Copyright © 2014 by ASME

  • The Matching of a Vaned Diffuser With a Radial Compressor Impeller and Its Effect on the Stage Performance
    Journal of Turbomachinery, 2014
    Co-Authors: Michael Casey, Daniel Rusch
    Abstract:

    The matching of a vaned diffuser with a centrifugal impeller is examined with a one-dimensional (1D) analysis combined with extensive experimental data. A matching equation is derived to define the required throat area of the diffuser relative to the throat area of the impeller at different design speeds and validated by comparison with a wide range of compressor designs. The matching equation is then used to give design guidelines for the throat area of vaned Diffusers operating with impellers at different tip-speed Mach numbers. An analysis of test data for a range of high pressure ratio turbocharger compressor stages is presented in which different matching between the diffuser and the impeller has been experimentally examined. The test data includes different impellers with different diffuser throat areas over a wide range of speeds. It is shown that the changes in performance with speed and diffuser throat area can be explained on the basis of the tip-speed Mach number which causes both the diffuser and impeller to choke at the same mass flow. Based on this understanding, a radial compressor map prediction method is extended to include this parameter, so that more accurate maps for matched and mismatched vaned Diffusers can be predicted.

Zupo Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • speckle reduction using deformable mirrors with Diffusers in a laser pico projector
    Optics Express, 2017
    Co-Authors: Hsuan An Chen, Juiwen Pan, Zupo Yang
    Abstract:

    We propose a design for speckle reduction in a laser pico-projector adopting Diffusers and deformable mirrors. This research focuses on speckle noise suppression by changing the angle of divergence of the diffuser. Moreover, the speckle contrast value can be further reduced by the addition of a deformable mirror. The speckle reduction ability obtained using Diffusers with different divergence angles is compared. Three types of diffuser designs are compared in the experiments. For Type 1 which uses a circular symmetric diffuser the speckle contrast value can be decreased to 0.0264. For Type 2, the speckle contrast value can be reduced to 0.0267 because of the inclusion of an elliptical distribution diffuser. With Type 3 which includes a combination of the circular distribution diffuser and elliptical distribution diffuser, the speckle contrast value can be reduced to 0.0236. For all three types, the speckle contrast value is lower than 0.05. Under this speckle value, the speckle phenomenon is invisible to the human eye.

Michael Casey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the matching of a vaned diffuser with a radial compressor impeller and its effect on the stage performance
    ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, 2014
    Co-Authors: Michael Casey, Daniel Rusch
    Abstract:

    The matching of a vaned diffuser with a centrifugal impeller is examined with a one-dimensional (1D) analysis combined with extensive experimental data. A matching equation is derived to define the required throat area of the diffuser relative to the throat area of the impeller at different design speeds and validated by comparison with a wide range of compressor designs. The matching equation is then used to give design guidelines for the throat area of vaned Diffusers operating with impellers at different tip-speed Mach numbers.An analysis of test data for a range of high pressure ratio turbocharger compressor stages is presented in which different matching between the diffuser and the impeller has been experimentally examined. The test data includes different impellers with different diffuser throat areas over a wide range of speeds. It is shown that the changes in performance with speed and diffuser throat area can be explained on the basis of the tip-speed Mach number which causes both the diffuser and impeller to choke at the same mass flow. Based on this understanding, a radial compressor map prediction method is extended to include this parameter, so that more accurate maps for matched and mismatched vaned Diffusers can be predicted.Copyright © 2014 by ASME

  • The Matching of a Vaned Diffuser With a Radial Compressor Impeller and Its Effect on the Stage Performance
    Journal of Turbomachinery, 2014
    Co-Authors: Michael Casey, Daniel Rusch
    Abstract:

    The matching of a vaned diffuser with a centrifugal impeller is examined with a one-dimensional (1D) analysis combined with extensive experimental data. A matching equation is derived to define the required throat area of the diffuser relative to the throat area of the impeller at different design speeds and validated by comparison with a wide range of compressor designs. The matching equation is then used to give design guidelines for the throat area of vaned Diffusers operating with impellers at different tip-speed Mach numbers. An analysis of test data for a range of high pressure ratio turbocharger compressor stages is presented in which different matching between the diffuser and the impeller has been experimentally examined. The test data includes different impellers with different diffuser throat areas over a wide range of speeds. It is shown that the changes in performance with speed and diffuser throat area can be explained on the basis of the tip-speed Mach number which causes both the diffuser and impeller to choke at the same mass flow. Based on this understanding, a radial compressor map prediction method is extended to include this parameter, so that more accurate maps for matched and mismatched vaned Diffusers can be predicted.

  • the influence of the total pressure profile on the performance of axial gas turbine Diffusers
    ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land Sea and Air, 2010
    Co-Authors: A Hirschmann, Michael Casey, S Volkmer, Markus Schatz, C Finzel, Matthew Montgomery
    Abstract:

    Large industrial gas turbines for combined heat and power generation normally have axial Diffusers leading to the heat recovery steam generator. The Diffusers operate with high inlet axial Mach number (0.6) and with a non-uniform inlet total pressure profile from the turbine. Tests have been carried out on a generic highly loaded axial diffuser in a scaled axial diffuser test rig, with different inlet total pressure profiles including those that might be met in practice. The results show that the inlet total pressure profile has a strong effect on the position of flow separation, whereby a hub-strong profile tends to separate at the casing and the tip-strong profile on the hub. Steady CFD simulations using the SST turbulence model have been carried out based on extensive studies of the best way to model the inlet boundary conditions. These simulations provide good agreement with the prediction of separation in the diffuser but the separated regions often persist too long so that, in this highly loaded case with flow separation, the calculated diffuser pressure recovery can be in error by up to 30%.Copyright © 2010 by ASME