The Experts below are selected from a list of 1524 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Lisa Crumit-hancock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Asmaa Abdel Monsef Abdalla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh ® brand by Adobe ® Creative Cloud Photoshop ® 2018
    Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ahmad S. Salim, Asmaa Abdel Monsef Abdalla
    Abstract:

    Printer Forensics is a sub-branch of Digital Forensic Science encompassing the identification of the source of any printout by different means. Over the world, still today, there is no Digital Forensic lab able to identify the source of the color laser printer seized in forgery crimes by a certain scientific method. Therefore, the determination for the identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts have become one of the most challenging recently investigated in Digital Forensic labs. In the present study, one type of the most common brand of color laser printers called Ricoh® was selected. Three defined steps, printing, scanning, and extracting, were applied to measure and calculate the obtained data for achieving our target. Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was used as a Forensic tool for image processing. In our study, 400 color laser printout samples from 93 Ricoh® color laser printers with different serial numbers were investigated. The study results successfully present the basic coded dot matrix pattern (CDMP) that characterizes and corresponds to the Ricoh® color laser machines with a 100% accuracy ratio. The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh® brand was achieved with a high accuracy ratio (100%). Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was a versatile software applied as a steganalysis tool for extracting the steganography information embedded in all undertaken color laser printouts.

  • The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh^® brand by Adobe^® Creative Cloud Photoshop^® 2018
    Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ahmad S. Salim, Asmaa Abdel Monsef Abdalla
    Abstract:

    Background Printer Forensics is a sub-branch of Digital Forensic Science encompassing the identification of the source of any printout by different means. Over the world, still today, there is no Digital Forensic lab able to identify the source of the color laser printer seized in forgery crimes by a certain scientific method. Therefore, the determination for the identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts have become one of the most challenging recently investigated in Digital Forensic labs. Method In the present study, one type of the most common brand of color laser printers called Ricoh® was selected. Three defined steps, printing, scanning, and extracting, were applied to measure and calculate the obtained data for achieving our target. Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was used as a Forensic tool for image processing. Results In our study, 400 color laser printout samples from 93 Ricoh® color laser printers with different serial numbers were investigated. The study results successfully present the basic coded dot matrix pattern (CDMP) that characterizes and corresponds to the Ricoh® color laser machines with a 100% accuracy ratio. Conclusion The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh® brand was achieved with a high accuracy ratio (100%). Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was a versatile software applied as a steganalysis tool for extracting the steganography information embedded in all undertaken color laser printouts.

  • Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for identifying color laser printer source of Xerox® brand
    Egyptian journal of forensic sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ahmad S. Salim, Asmaa Abdel Monsef Abdalla
    Abstract:

    In a field of Digital Forensic Science, we have struggled to prove and keep any evidence in its most original form. The seized source of color laser printers in forgery crimes has been still an awkward issue today in Digital Forensic labs for identification. Till now no any scientific method has reported at all over the world that could be applied to make a success in an investigation for identifying the source of color laser printers with accuracy ratio 100%. We have explored an advanced security feature that has embedded in the color laser printouts of Xerox® brand. Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 has used as an indirect and nondestructive tool for our work. In this study, we could detect the hidden information (steganalysis) embedded in the color laser printouts of Xerox® brand candidate. Therefore, we could extract the clear precise machine identification code pattern corresponding to each color laser printer of Xerox® brand selected. Via Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018, we could successfully track all active security features characteristic of the color laser printers of Xerox® brand. Moreover, we could detect the identity and uniqueness of each color laser printer which had studied with an accuracy ratio reached to a hundred percent.

  • Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for identifying color laser printer source of Xerox® brand
    SpringerOpen, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ahmad S. Salim, Asmaa Abdel Monsef Abdalla
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background In a field of Digital Forensic Science, we have struggled to prove and keep any evidence in its most original form. The seized source of color laser printers in forgery crimes has been still an awkward issue today in Digital Forensic labs for identification. Till now no any scientific method has reported at all over the world that could be applied to make a success in an investigation for identifying the source of color laser printers with accuracy ratio 100%. Method We have explored an advanced security feature that has embedded in the color laser printouts of Xerox® brand. Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 has used as an indirect and nondestructive tool for our work. Results In this study, we could detect the hidden information (steganalysis) embedded in the color laser printouts of Xerox® brand candidate. Therefore, we could extract the clear precise machine identification code pattern corresponding to each color laser printer of Xerox® brand selected. Conclusion Via Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018, we could successfully track all active security features characteristic of the color laser printers of Xerox® brand. Moreover, we could detect the identity and uniqueness of each color laser printer which had studied with an accuracy ratio reached to a hundred percent

Martin S. Olivier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Digital Forensic Science: A Manifesto
    South African Computer Journal, 2016
    Co-Authors: Martin S. Olivier
    Abstract:

    Forensic examination of evidence holds the promise of making claims about the truth of certain propositions with the inherent accuracy and reliability that characterises scientific endeavours. The propositions may relate to the artefacts examined or related artefacts. The nature of propositions about which claims can be made depend on the extent to which given propositions fall within the ambit of scientific knowledge and on the extent to which the examined evidence is suitable for the application of established Science. A continuing series of incidents illustrate that in many Forensic disciplines that promise is not met — often because some branch of Forensic Science happen to not being scientific at all. In fact, serious assessments of Forensic Science have shown that many (if not most) branches of Forensic Science are not scientifically valid. Digital Forensic Science is one of the newest members of the family of Forensic Sciences. A number of reasons for concern exist that it is following in the footsteps of its more established footsteps and repeating many of the mistakes of those other branches of Forensic Science. This viewpoint is written in the form of a manifesto that is situated in the current discourse about Digital Forensic Science and practice. If challenges the current developments in Digital Forensic Science by positing a number of demands that Digital Forensic Science have to meet to be deemed scientific. The demands are posited as necessary, but not sufficient to ensure that Digital Forensic Science uses Science to contribute to justice. Appropriate responses to the manifesto is a change in Digital Forensic developments or an informed debate about the issues raised in the manifesto.

  • IFIP Int. Conf. Digital Forensics - On a Scientific Theory of Digital Forensics
    IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Martin S. Olivier
    Abstract:

    A suitable theory to serve as scientific grounds for a Digital Forensic Science is still elusive. Such a theory needs to satisfy the demands imposed by Science and justify the facts derived as evidence using the theory. A number of grounding theories have been proposed. This chapter revisits three prominent theories, those of Gladyshev, Carrier and Cohen, and: (i) determines the requirements they suggest for a Digital Forensics theory; (ii) analyzes their primary differences; and (iii) assesses them using the norms that exist for Science. This enables us to sketch the outlines of a new theory that better reflects the scientific requirements and the intended application of Forensic Science in a Digital context.

  • towards a Digital Forensic Science
    Information Security for South Africa, 2015
    Co-Authors: Martin S. Olivier
    Abstract:

    The scientific principles that underlie Digital Forensic Science are still not clear. Possible foundations have been proposed by Gladyshev, Carrier, Cohen, The Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence of the US Department of Justice and others. However, all these proposals, although valuable contributions, do not provide a satisfactory scientific basis. The current article argues that the search for a suitable foundation is hampered by the conflation of Science used for investigative purposes and Science used for probative purposes. We argue that some aspects of Forensic Science are indeed useful for both purposes, but that large portions of the application of Science for use in matters of law are only applicable to one of these categories. The paper focuses on the probative use of Science for matters of law. We suggest that the explicit focus on proof (rather than investigation) leads to a clearer understanding of the notion of the claims to be proven. Based on this it is shown that such claims may be expressed as propositions that can be proven, disproven, or determined to be ambiguous given the available evidence using well-known computing concepts. It also indicates how this approach helps one to determine the accuracy (which will not always be the opposite of error rates) of any findings. Given its specific focus the paper establishes a basis for Digital Forensic Science without asserting that it is the only possible scientific basis.

  • ISSA - Towards a Digital Forensic Science
    2015 Information Security for South Africa (ISSA), 2015
    Co-Authors: Martin S. Olivier
    Abstract:

    The scientific principles that underlie Digital Forensic Science are still not clear. Possible foundations have been proposed by Gladyshev, Carrier, Cohen, The Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence of the US Department of Justice and others. However, all these proposals, although valuable contributions, do not provide a satisfactory scientific basis. The current article argues that the search for a suitable foundation is hampered by the conflation of Science used for investigative purposes and Science used for probative purposes. We argue that some aspects of Forensic Science are indeed useful for both purposes, but that large portions of the application of Science for use in matters of law are only applicable to one of these categories. The paper focuses on the probative use of Science for matters of law. We suggest that the explicit focus on proof (rather than investigation) leads to a clearer understanding of the notion of the claims to be proven. Based on this it is shown that such claims may be expressed as propositions that can be proven, disproven, or determined to be ambiguous given the available evidence using well-known computing concepts. It also indicates how this approach helps one to determine the accuracy (which will not always be the opposite of error rates) of any findings. Given its specific focus the paper establishes a basis for Digital Forensic Science without asserting that it is the only possible scientific basis.

  • On Complex Crimes and Digital Forensics
    Information Security in Diverse Computing Environments, 2014
    Co-Authors: Martin S. Olivier
    Abstract:

    Science provides the basis for truth claims in Forensics. Very little research has been done to explore the scientific basis of Digital Forensics. The work that has been done vary widely in what they propose; in most cases it is unclear how the philosophical remarks about such Forensic Science apply to Digital Forensics practice, or that the practical suggestions are a sufficient basis to claim that practice based on them is scientific. This chapter provides an initial exploration of the potential of decision problems from the field of algorithmics to form this scientific basis. There is no doubt that decision problems operate in the scientific domain and decision problems look similar to hypotheses to be of immediate practical use. The chapter suggests that, if decision problems are used in this manner, it is clear that current Digital Forensics have only scratched the surface of what is possible. Probabilistic complexity classes, for example, offer interesting possibilities for performing complex tests in relatively short times, with known error rates. Using decision problems as a demarcation criterion makes it possible to distinguish between Digital Forensic Science (or simply Digital Forensics) and Digital Forensic craft, which should be called Digital investigative technique or some other suitable term that does not imply that its use leads to scientific truths.

Ahmad S. Salim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh ® brand by Adobe ® Creative Cloud Photoshop ® 2018
    Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ahmad S. Salim, Asmaa Abdel Monsef Abdalla
    Abstract:

    Printer Forensics is a sub-branch of Digital Forensic Science encompassing the identification of the source of any printout by different means. Over the world, still today, there is no Digital Forensic lab able to identify the source of the color laser printer seized in forgery crimes by a certain scientific method. Therefore, the determination for the identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts have become one of the most challenging recently investigated in Digital Forensic labs. In the present study, one type of the most common brand of color laser printers called Ricoh® was selected. Three defined steps, printing, scanning, and extracting, were applied to measure and calculate the obtained data for achieving our target. Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was used as a Forensic tool for image processing. In our study, 400 color laser printout samples from 93 Ricoh® color laser printers with different serial numbers were investigated. The study results successfully present the basic coded dot matrix pattern (CDMP) that characterizes and corresponds to the Ricoh® color laser machines with a 100% accuracy ratio. The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh® brand was achieved with a high accuracy ratio (100%). Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was a versatile software applied as a steganalysis tool for extracting the steganography information embedded in all undertaken color laser printouts.

  • The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh^® brand by Adobe^® Creative Cloud Photoshop^® 2018
    Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ahmad S. Salim, Asmaa Abdel Monsef Abdalla
    Abstract:

    Background Printer Forensics is a sub-branch of Digital Forensic Science encompassing the identification of the source of any printout by different means. Over the world, still today, there is no Digital Forensic lab able to identify the source of the color laser printer seized in forgery crimes by a certain scientific method. Therefore, the determination for the identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts have become one of the most challenging recently investigated in Digital Forensic labs. Method In the present study, one type of the most common brand of color laser printers called Ricoh® was selected. Three defined steps, printing, scanning, and extracting, were applied to measure and calculate the obtained data for achieving our target. Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was used as a Forensic tool for image processing. Results In our study, 400 color laser printout samples from 93 Ricoh® color laser printers with different serial numbers were investigated. The study results successfully present the basic coded dot matrix pattern (CDMP) that characterizes and corresponds to the Ricoh® color laser machines with a 100% accuracy ratio. Conclusion The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh® brand was achieved with a high accuracy ratio (100%). Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was a versatile software applied as a steganalysis tool for extracting the steganography information embedded in all undertaken color laser printouts.

  • Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for identifying color laser printer source of Xerox® brand
    Egyptian journal of forensic sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ahmad S. Salim, Asmaa Abdel Monsef Abdalla
    Abstract:

    In a field of Digital Forensic Science, we have struggled to prove and keep any evidence in its most original form. The seized source of color laser printers in forgery crimes has been still an awkward issue today in Digital Forensic labs for identification. Till now no any scientific method has reported at all over the world that could be applied to make a success in an investigation for identifying the source of color laser printers with accuracy ratio 100%. We have explored an advanced security feature that has embedded in the color laser printouts of Xerox® brand. Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 has used as an indirect and nondestructive tool for our work. In this study, we could detect the hidden information (steganalysis) embedded in the color laser printouts of Xerox® brand candidate. Therefore, we could extract the clear precise machine identification code pattern corresponding to each color laser printer of Xerox® brand selected. Via Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018, we could successfully track all active security features characteristic of the color laser printers of Xerox® brand. Moreover, we could detect the identity and uniqueness of each color laser printer which had studied with an accuracy ratio reached to a hundred percent.

  • Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for identifying color laser printer source of Xerox® brand
    SpringerOpen, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ahmad S. Salim, Asmaa Abdel Monsef Abdalla
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background In a field of Digital Forensic Science, we have struggled to prove and keep any evidence in its most original form. The seized source of color laser printers in forgery crimes has been still an awkward issue today in Digital Forensic labs for identification. Till now no any scientific method has reported at all over the world that could be applied to make a success in an investigation for identifying the source of color laser printers with accuracy ratio 100%. Method We have explored an advanced security feature that has embedded in the color laser printouts of Xerox® brand. Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 has used as an indirect and nondestructive tool for our work. Results In this study, we could detect the hidden information (steganalysis) embedded in the color laser printouts of Xerox® brand candidate. Therefore, we could extract the clear precise machine identification code pattern corresponding to each color laser printer of Xerox® brand selected. Conclusion Via Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018, we could successfully track all active security features characteristic of the color laser printers of Xerox® brand. Moreover, we could detect the identity and uniqueness of each color laser printer which had studied with an accuracy ratio reached to a hundred percent

Lisa Crumithancock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.