The Experts below are selected from a list of 13380 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Eric E Schadt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mining the Digital Universe of data to develop personalized cancer therapies
    Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2013
    Co-Authors: Eric E Schadt
    Abstract:

    The development of a personalized approach to medical care is now well recognized as an urgent priority. This approach is particularly important in oncology, where it is well understood that each cancer diagnosis is unique at the molecular level, arising from a particular and specific collection of genetic alterations. Furthermore, taking a personalized approach to oncology may expedite the treatment process, pre-empting therapeutic decisions based on fewer data in favor of treatments targeted to an individual's tumor. This directed course may be key to survival for many patients who are terminal or have failed standard therapies.

  • KDD - Mining the Digital Universe of data to develop personalized cancer therapies
    Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining - KDD '13, 2013
    Co-Authors: Eric E Schadt
    Abstract:

    The development of a personalized approach to medical care is now well recognized as an urgent priority. This approach is particularly important in oncology, where it is well understood that each cancer diagnosis is unique at the molecular level, arising from a particular and specific collection of genetic alterations. Furthermore, taking a personalized approach to oncology may expedite the treatment process, pre-empting therapeutic decisions based on fewer data in favor of treatments targeted to an individual's tumor. This directed course may be key to survival for many patients who are terminal or have failed standard therapies.

  • Causal Inference and the Construction of Predictive Network Models in Biology
    Handbook of Systems Biology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Eric E Schadt
    Abstract:

    With the Digital Universe now having surpassed the zetabyte threshold, the push is on to expand advanced high-performance computing infrastructures to manage and store this vast Digital Universe in ways that facilitate mining of the data, and then developing and applying more sophisticated mathematical algorithms to extract knowledge from it. The promise of effectively mining big data is nothing less than achieving a higher level of understanding in nearly every facet of life, from climate change to the complex patterns in financial markets, to the complexity of living systems. The life sciences stand poised to lead in both the generation of big data and the realization of dramatic benefit from it, whether predicting and preventing the next big outbreak or uncovering the best ways to treat, prevent, and cure common human diseases. We can now score variations in DNA across whole genomes; RNA levels and alternative isoforms, metabolite levels, protein levels and protein state information across the transcriptome, metabolome and proteome; methylation status across the methylome; and construct extensive protein–protein and protein–DNA interaction maps, all in a comprehensive fashion and at the scale of populations of individuals. Interactions among these molecular entities define the complex web of biological processes that give rise to all higher-order phenotypes, including disease. The development of analytical approaches that simultaneously integrate different dimensions of data is essential if we are to extract meaning from these large-scale data to elucidate the complexity of living systems. In this chapter I describe a number of analytical approaches aimed at inferring causal relationships among variables in very large-scale datasets by leveraging DNA variation as a systematic perturbation source. The causal inference procedures are also demonstrated to enhance the ability to reconstruct truly predictive, probabilistic causal gene networks that reflect the biological processes underlying complex phenotypes such as disease. By integrating many different dimensions of data simultaneously to construct these networks, I detail examples of how to construct and then apply network models to uncover causal relationships among molecular phenotypes like gene expression and between molecular and high-order traits such as disease.

Jacopo Tagliabue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • What’s New About New Realism? Mereology and the Varieties of (New) Realism
    Philosophia, 2015
    Co-Authors: Guglielmo Feis, Jacopo Tagliabue
    Abstract:

    The paper set up a small “philosophical lab” for thought experiments using Digital Universes as its main tool. Digital Universes allow us to examine how mereology affects the debate on New Realism of Ferraris (2012) and shed new light on the whole notion of Realism. The semi-formal framework provides a convenient way to model the varieties of realism that are important for the program of New Realism: we then draw the natural consequences of this approach into the ontology of our world (may it be Digital or not), arguing that the same considerations that apply to Digital Universe would hold for chess, institutions and social objects as well. Once a particular version of mereology is chosen, there are unavoidable consequences that the very underlying structure of social (and non-social) ontology. We then propose a new New Realism to tackle social objects: social objects turn out to be nothing more than mereological sums, picked up by some (possibly intentional) description.

  • Anomalous Monism in a Digital Universe
    Minds and Machines, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jacopo Tagliabue
    Abstract:

    Bermúdez (Philosophy of psychology: a contemporary introduction, Routledge, London, 2005 ) identifies the “Interface Problem” as the central problem in the philosophy of psychology: how commonsensical psychological explanations can be integrated with lower-level (cognitive, biological, etc.) explanations? In particular, since folk psychology is meant to provide causal explanations on a par with, say, neurobiological explanations, the question of how to understand the relation between the two layers arises naturally. Donald Davidson claimed that the interface problem is actually ill-posed and put forward his version of the “Autonomy Picture”, the view known as anomalous monism . This work reviews Davidson’s proposal in the light of Digital Universes: we model the key claims of the theory using cellular automata and show that Davidson’s original version of the Autonomy Picture (which differs, in some respects, from what is discussed by Bermúdez) is immune to two arguments against autonomy.

George Dyson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Turing's Cathedral: The Origins of the Digital Universe (Vintage)
    2012
    Co-Authors: George Dyson
    Abstract:

    A Kirkus Reviews Best Book of 2012In this revealing account of how the Digital Universe exploded in the aftermath of World War II, George Dyson illuminates the nature of Digital computers, the lives of those who brought them into existence, and how code took over the world. In the 1940s and 50s, a small group of men and womenled by John von Neumanngathered in Princeton, New Jersey, to begin building one of the first computers to realize Alan Turings vision of a Universal Machine. The codes unleashed within this embryonic, 5-kilobyte Universeless memory than is allocated to displaying a single icon on a computer screen todaybroke the distinction between numbers that mean things and numbers that do things, and our Universe would never be the same. Turings Cathedral is the story of how the most constructive and most destructive of twentieth-century inventionsthe Digital computer and the hydrogen bombemerged at the same time.

  • turing s cathedral the origins of the Digital Universe
    2012
    Co-Authors: George Dyson
    Abstract:

    George Dyson's fascinating account of the early years of computers: "Turing's Cathedral" is the story behind how the PC, ipod, smartphone and almost every aspect of modern life came into being. In 1945 a small group of brilliant engineers and mathematicians gathered at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, determined to build a computer that would make Alan Turing's theory of a 'universal machine' reality. Led by the polymath emigre John von Neumann, they created the numerical framework that underpins almost all modern computing - and ensured that the world would never be the same again. George Dyson is a historian of technology whose interests include the development (and redevelopment) of the Aleut kayak. He is the author of "Baidarka"; "Project Orion"; and "Darwin Among the Machines". "Unusual, wonderful, visionary". (Francis Spufford, "Guardian"). "Fascinating...the story Dyson tells is intensely human...a gripping account of ideas and invention. Fascinating...the story Dyson tells is intensely human...a gripping account of ideas and invention." ("Jenny Uglow"). "Glorious...as much a story of the personalities involved as of the discoveries they made, and you do not need any knowledge of computers or mathematics to enjoy the ride. ..a ripping yarn". (John Gribbin, "Literary Review").

Sandhya Rao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Book Review: Digital Universe: The Global Telecommunication Revolution, by Peter B. SeelDigital Universe: The Global Telecommunication Revolution. SeelPeter B.Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 278 pp. $43.95 pbk.
    Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sandhya Rao
    Abstract:

    Digital Universe: The Global Telecommunication Revolution. Peter B. Seel. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 278 pp. $43.95 pbk.We live in a fast-changing, complex, and technology-driven world where users are confronted with a host of Digital gadgets, and an ever-expanding array of social media apps, and have the ability to generate content. In a fairly short period starting in the early 1990s, the telephone evolved from a traditional landline to a mobile device that has changed the way people communicate and conduct their businesses around the globe; the Internet and the World Wide Web revolutionized communication and access to information and paved the way for social media such as YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest. While these technologies are bringing people closer together, they have also caused divides between countries and across generations. The main goals of Peter B. Seel's highly readable book, Digital Universe: The Global Telecommunication Revolution, are to make people think more critically about the media saturation and its impact on society.A highlight of Seel's book is that he provides the context of the inventions, and background information about scientists, enhancing what could otherwise have been a rather dry book filled with technical information. The author narrates the history of communication technologies by using simple language and by telling the stories of the inventors and scientists behind the inventions. For example, he brings to life the extraordinary work done by Belgian Paul Otlet who created a multimedia classification system in 1904 that was a forerunner to the hypertext links of websites used today. He writes about Douglas Englebart who created the Augmentation Research Center (ARC), and of the excitement felt by audience members when in 1968 he and his team presented the early versions of E-mail, teleconferencing, use of a mouse, and other features of the Internet that have today become commonplace. He personalizes the more recent history and diffusion of Digital and online media by including examples from his own experiences. For example, he mentions that he and his siblings inherited a dated edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica and acquired the skill to "identify when we needed to find a more up-to-date source." He is of the opinion that online users may lack this skill if there are no dates provided with the online information.The book is well researched and contains details that one may have overlooked. For example, Seel, a professor in the Department of Journalism and Technical Communication at Colorado State University, draws the reader's attention to the fact that although 1969 is the year mentioned most commonly as the beginning of the Internet, initial E-mails were already being exchanged in 1964 in connection with the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency's (ARPA)'s efforts to link major research universities via computers primarily meant for computer time-sharing. …

Lee Weatherill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Digital Universe
    Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Matt Zwolenski, Lee Weatherill
    Abstract:

    The Digital Universe, which consists of all the data created by PC, Sensor Networks, GPS/WiFi Location, Web Metadata, Web-Sourced Biographical Data, Mobile, Smart-Connected Devices and Next-Generation Applications (to name but a few) is altering the way we consume and measure IT and disrupting proven business models. Unprecedented and exponential data growth is presenting businesses with new and unique opportunities and challenges. As the ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) and Third Platform continue to grow, the analysis of structured and unstructured data will drive insights that change the way businesses operate, create distinctive value, and deliver services and applications to the consumer and to each other. As enterprises and IT grapple to take advantage of these trends in order to gain share and drive revenue, they must be mindful of the Information Security and Data Protection pitfalls that lay in wait – hurdles that have already tripped up market leaders and minnows alike.

  • The Digital Universe: Rich data and the increasing value of the internet of things
    Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Matt Zwolenski, Lee Weatherill
    Abstract:

    The Digital Universe, which consists of all the data created by PC, Sensor Networks, GPS/WiFi Location, Web Metadata, Web-Sourced Biographical Data, Mobile, Smart-Connected Devices and Next- Generation Applications (to name but a few) is altering the way we consume and measure IT and disrupting proven business models. Unprecedented and exponential data growth is presenting businesses with new and unique opportunities and challenges. As the 'Internet of Things' (IoT) and Third Platform continue to grow, the analysis of structured and unstructured data will drive insights that change the way businesses operate, create distinctive value, and deliver services and applications to the consumer and to each other. As enterprises and IT grapple to take advantage of these trends in order to gain share and drive revenue, they must be mindful of the Information Security and Data Protection pitfalls that lay in wait - hurdles that have already tripped up market leaders and minnows alike.