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Bulbul Purkait - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research Article Identification of Medicinally Active Ingredient in Ultradiluted Digitalis Purpurea: Fluorescence Spectroscopic and Cyclic-Voltammetric Study
2016Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Serially diluted and agitated (SAD) drugs available commercially are in use with great faith because of the astonishing results they produce. The scientific viewpoint attached to the centuries-old therapy with SAD drugs, as in homeopathy, remained doubtful for want of appropriate research and insufficient evidence base. The conflicting points related to SAD drug mostly related to the level of concentrations/dilutions, use of drug in contradictory clinical conditions compared to the modern system of medicine, identification of medicinally active ingredient in concentrations and dilutions used in commercially available SAD drugs, and lack of laboratory-based pharmacological data vis-à-vis modern medicine. Modus operandi of SAD drug is also unknown. To address some of these issues an analytical study was carried out wherein commercially available SAD drug Digitalis Purpurea, commonly used in different systems of medicine, was put to test. Various concentrations of commercially available Digitalis Purpurea were analyzed using analytical methods: cyclic voltammetry, emission spectroscopy, andUV-VIS spectroscopy. These analytical methods apparently identified the medicinal ingredients and effect of serial dilution in commercial preparation of the drugs. 1
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Effect of Serially Diluted Drug Digitalis Purpurea on Modulation of Anesthetized Consciousness of Indian Bufomelanostictus
2013Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:Concept prevails amongst believers that serially diluted drugs do not produce any side effect. The modus operandi of the serially diluted drugs is through neural network. The practitioners of different systems of medicine with paradigmatic differences use the same drug substance in different dilution to treat patients with contrary clinical conditions, Digitalis Purpurea is one such drug. The present work describes the effect of ultra-diluted drug Digitalis Purpurea and Digoxin on modulation of Diethyl ether induced anesthesia in Indian Bufomelanostictus. Diethyl ether and rectified spirit (also used as diluent for ultra-dilution) are used as controls in this experimental work. In this preliminary study, it is found that the reflex and anesthetic action of Digitalis Purpurea 200 is similar to rectified spirit probably because of the simple dilution of the active ingredient. Digitalis Purpurea 30 was found to be more effective than rectified spirit. Digitalis Purpurea 30 produced the longest period of anesthesia while Digoxin reduced duration of anesthesia. Both Digitalis Purpurea 6 and Rectified spirit were effective for almost same duration. The ultra-diluted drug samples and digoxin were further analyzed by Cyclic Voltammetry and Fluorescence spectroscopy which establishes the cause and effect relationship.
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Quality Assessment of Serially Ultradiluted and Agitated Drug Digitalis Purpurea by Emission Spectroscopy and Clinical Analysis of Its Effect on the Heart Rate of Indian Bufo melanostictus.
Journal of pharmaceutics, 2012Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:The investigation of ultradiluted (homeopathic) drugs is extremely interesting and challenging, and from that point of view this study shows novelty. A study of in vivo changes in heart rate of the Indian Bufo melanostictus caused by commercially available serially ultra-diluted and agitated extract of Digitalis Purpurea has been tried in order to understand their pharmacological role. RR interval (of ECG) was compared after intraperitoneal administration of serially diluted and agitated Digitalis Purpurea extract, diluent rectified spirit, and Digoxin in anesthetized animals. The study revealed statistically significant changes in the heart rate after application of these drugs except in case of Digoxin and the 200th serial dilution of Digitalis Purpurea. The duration of RR intervals after application of the drugs was corroborative of the effect of Digoxin and Digitalis Purpurea extract up to 30th dilution. Emission spectra were obtained for the experimental ultra-diluted Digitalis Purpurea extract and Digoxin to identify and characterize them. The observed RR pattern and emission spectra show an association. The quality assessment of the commercial ultra-diluted organic drugs obtained from natural products may be initiated by monitoring in vivo studies on animal models.
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Identification of Medicinally Active Ingredient in Ultradiluted Digitalis Purpurea: Fluorescence Spectroscopic and Cyclic-Voltammetric Study
Journal of analytical methods in chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:Serially diluted and agitated (SAD) drugs available commercially are in use with great faith because of the astonishing results they produce. The scientific viewpoint attached to the centuries-old therapy with SAD drugs, as in homeopathy, remained doubtful for want of appropriate research and insufficient evidence base. The conflicting points related to SAD drug mostly related to the level of concentrations/dilutions, use of drug in contradictory clinical conditions compared to the modern system of medicine, identification of medicinally active ingredient in concentrations and dilutions used in commercially available SAD drugs, and lack of laboratory-based pharmacological data vis-a-vis modern medicine. Modus operandi of SAD drug is also unknown. To address some of these issues an analytical study was carried out wherein commercially available SAD drug Digitalis Purpurea, commonly used in different systems of medicine, was put to test. Various concentrations of commercially available Digitalis Purpurea were analyzed using analytical methods: cyclic voltammetry, emission spectroscopy, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. These analytical methods apparently identified the medicinal ingredients and effect of serial dilution in commercial preparation of the drugs.
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identification of medicinally active ingredients in ultradiluted Digitalis Purpurea ftir and raman spectroscopic studies
Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2010Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Awalendra K. Thakur, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:A systematic study of the effect of the commercially available, ultradiluted drug, Digitalis Purpurea (extract of Foxglove leaves) with aqueous ethanol was conducted to monitor changes in its chemical structure/functional group arrangements using vibrational (Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman) spectroscopy. These changes suggest a significant effect of ultradilution (
Digitalis bands in the fingerprint region. The study shows that the process of serial dilution assists in changing the chemical environment in the backbone matrix of the medicinally active ingredient of Digitalis Purpurea. In particular, increase in dilution of Digitalis Purpurea causes a change in its vibrational mode profile that matches well with the vibrational bands of digoxin. The technique seems to be useful in the detection and identification of compounds/chemical groups present at levels lower than microvolume in drugs used in alternative/complementary medicine.
Isabel Gavidia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Digitalis Purpurea p5βr2 encoding steroid 5β reductase is a novel defense related gene involved in cardenolide biosynthesis
New Phytologist, 2010Co-Authors: Pedro Perezbermudez, Aurelio Moya A Garcia, Inaki Tunon, Isabel GavidiaAbstract:The stereospecific 5 beta-reduction of progesterone is a required step for cardiac glycoside biosynthesis in foxglove plants. Recently, we have isolated the gene P5 beta R, and here we investigate the function and regulation of P5 beta R2, a new progesterone 5 beta-reductase gene from Digitalis Purpurea. P5 beta R2 cDNA was isolated from a D. Purpurea cDNA library and further characterized at the biochemical, structural and physiological levels. Like P5 beta R, P5 beta R2 catalyzes the 5 beta-reduction of the Delta(4) double bond of several steroids and is present in all plant organs. Under stress conditions or on treatment with chemical elicitors, P5 beta R expression does not vary, whereas P5 beta R2 is highly responsive. P5 beta R2 expression is regulated by ethylene and hydrogen peroxide. The correlation between P5 beta R2 expression and cardenolide formation demonstrates the key role of this gene in cardenolide biosynthesis, and therefore in the chemical defense of foxglove plants.
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Digitalis Purpurea P5βR2, encoding steroid 5β‐reductase, is a novel defense‐related gene involved in cardenolide biosynthesis
The New phytologist, 2009Co-Authors: Pedro Pérez-bermúdez, Inaki Tunon, Aurelio A. Moya García, Isabel GavidiaAbstract:The stereospecific 5 beta-reduction of progesterone is a required step for cardiac glycoside biosynthesis in foxglove plants. Recently, we have isolated the gene P5 beta R, and here we investigate the function and regulation of P5 beta R2, a new progesterone 5 beta-reductase gene from Digitalis Purpurea. P5 beta R2 cDNA was isolated from a D. Purpurea cDNA library and further characterized at the biochemical, structural and physiological levels. Like P5 beta R, P5 beta R2 catalyzes the 5 beta-reduction of the Delta(4) double bond of several steroids and is present in all plant organs. Under stress conditions or on treatment with chemical elicitors, P5 beta R expression does not vary, whereas P5 beta R2 is highly responsive. P5 beta R2 expression is regulated by ethylene and hydrogen peroxide. The correlation between P5 beta R2 expression and cardenolide formation demonstrates the key role of this gene in cardenolide biosynthesis, and therefore in the chemical defense of foxglove plants.
Anup Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research Article Identification of Medicinally Active Ingredient in Ultradiluted Digitalis Purpurea: Fluorescence Spectroscopic and Cyclic-Voltammetric Study
2016Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Serially diluted and agitated (SAD) drugs available commercially are in use with great faith because of the astonishing results they produce. The scientific viewpoint attached to the centuries-old therapy with SAD drugs, as in homeopathy, remained doubtful for want of appropriate research and insufficient evidence base. The conflicting points related to SAD drug mostly related to the level of concentrations/dilutions, use of drug in contradictory clinical conditions compared to the modern system of medicine, identification of medicinally active ingredient in concentrations and dilutions used in commercially available SAD drugs, and lack of laboratory-based pharmacological data vis-à-vis modern medicine. Modus operandi of SAD drug is also unknown. To address some of these issues an analytical study was carried out wherein commercially available SAD drug Digitalis Purpurea, commonly used in different systems of medicine, was put to test. Various concentrations of commercially available Digitalis Purpurea were analyzed using analytical methods: cyclic voltammetry, emission spectroscopy, andUV-VIS spectroscopy. These analytical methods apparently identified the medicinal ingredients and effect of serial dilution in commercial preparation of the drugs. 1
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Effect of Serially Diluted Drug Digitalis Purpurea on Modulation of Anesthetized Consciousness of Indian Bufomelanostictus
2013Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:Concept prevails amongst believers that serially diluted drugs do not produce any side effect. The modus operandi of the serially diluted drugs is through neural network. The practitioners of different systems of medicine with paradigmatic differences use the same drug substance in different dilution to treat patients with contrary clinical conditions, Digitalis Purpurea is one such drug. The present work describes the effect of ultra-diluted drug Digitalis Purpurea and Digoxin on modulation of Diethyl ether induced anesthesia in Indian Bufomelanostictus. Diethyl ether and rectified spirit (also used as diluent for ultra-dilution) are used as controls in this experimental work. In this preliminary study, it is found that the reflex and anesthetic action of Digitalis Purpurea 200 is similar to rectified spirit probably because of the simple dilution of the active ingredient. Digitalis Purpurea 30 was found to be more effective than rectified spirit. Digitalis Purpurea 30 produced the longest period of anesthesia while Digoxin reduced duration of anesthesia. Both Digitalis Purpurea 6 and Rectified spirit were effective for almost same duration. The ultra-diluted drug samples and digoxin were further analyzed by Cyclic Voltammetry and Fluorescence spectroscopy which establishes the cause and effect relationship.
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Quality Assessment of Serially Ultradiluted and Agitated Drug Digitalis Purpurea by Emission Spectroscopy and Clinical Analysis of Its Effect on the Heart Rate of Indian Bufo melanostictus.
Journal of pharmaceutics, 2012Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:The investigation of ultradiluted (homeopathic) drugs is extremely interesting and challenging, and from that point of view this study shows novelty. A study of in vivo changes in heart rate of the Indian Bufo melanostictus caused by commercially available serially ultra-diluted and agitated extract of Digitalis Purpurea has been tried in order to understand their pharmacological role. RR interval (of ECG) was compared after intraperitoneal administration of serially diluted and agitated Digitalis Purpurea extract, diluent rectified spirit, and Digoxin in anesthetized animals. The study revealed statistically significant changes in the heart rate after application of these drugs except in case of Digoxin and the 200th serial dilution of Digitalis Purpurea. The duration of RR intervals after application of the drugs was corroborative of the effect of Digoxin and Digitalis Purpurea extract up to 30th dilution. Emission spectra were obtained for the experimental ultra-diluted Digitalis Purpurea extract and Digoxin to identify and characterize them. The observed RR pattern and emission spectra show an association. The quality assessment of the commercial ultra-diluted organic drugs obtained from natural products may be initiated by monitoring in vivo studies on animal models.
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Identification of Medicinally Active Ingredient in Ultradiluted Digitalis Purpurea: Fluorescence Spectroscopic and Cyclic-Voltammetric Study
Journal of analytical methods in chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:Serially diluted and agitated (SAD) drugs available commercially are in use with great faith because of the astonishing results they produce. The scientific viewpoint attached to the centuries-old therapy with SAD drugs, as in homeopathy, remained doubtful for want of appropriate research and insufficient evidence base. The conflicting points related to SAD drug mostly related to the level of concentrations/dilutions, use of drug in contradictory clinical conditions compared to the modern system of medicine, identification of medicinally active ingredient in concentrations and dilutions used in commercially available SAD drugs, and lack of laboratory-based pharmacological data vis-a-vis modern medicine. Modus operandi of SAD drug is also unknown. To address some of these issues an analytical study was carried out wherein commercially available SAD drug Digitalis Purpurea, commonly used in different systems of medicine, was put to test. Various concentrations of commercially available Digitalis Purpurea were analyzed using analytical methods: cyclic voltammetry, emission spectroscopy, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. These analytical methods apparently identified the medicinal ingredients and effect of serial dilution in commercial preparation of the drugs.
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identification of medicinally active ingredients in ultradiluted Digitalis Purpurea ftir and raman spectroscopic studies
Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2010Co-Authors: Anup Sharma, Awalendra K. Thakur, Bulbul PurkaitAbstract:A systematic study of the effect of the commercially available, ultradiluted drug, Digitalis Purpurea (extract of Foxglove leaves) with aqueous ethanol was conducted to monitor changes in its chemical structure/functional group arrangements using vibrational (Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman) spectroscopy. These changes suggest a significant effect of ultradilution (
Digitalis bands in the fingerprint region. The study shows that the process of serial dilution assists in changing the chemical environment in the backbone matrix of the medicinally active ingredient of Digitalis Purpurea. In particular, increase in dilution of Digitalis Purpurea causes a change in its vibrational mode profile that matches well with the vibrational bands of digoxin. The technique seems to be useful in the detection and identification of compounds/chemical groups present at levels lower than microvolume in drugs used in alternative/complementary medicine.
Hanns Ulrich Seitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Purification, Characterization and Partial Peptide Microsequencing of Progesterone 5β-Reductase from Shoot Cultures of Digitalis Purpurea
European journal of biochemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Dorothea Elisabeth Gärtner, Wieland Keilholz, Hanns Ulrich SeitzAbstract:Progesterone 5β-reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of progesterone to 5βT-pregnane-3,20-dione, was purified 770-fold to homogeneity from the cytosolic fraction of shoot cultures of Digitalis Purpurea. This purification involved DEAE-Sephacel, affinity chromatography (Blue-Sepharose CL-6B and adenosine 2′,5′-bisphosphate-Sepharose 4B) and elution from a gel matrix after non-dissociating PAGE. The molecular mass determined by SDS/PAGE was 43 kDa and the molecular mass determined by gel-filtration chromatography on calibrated Sephadex G-200 was 280 kDa, thus indicating that the native protein is a polymer consisting of several subunits. The purified enzyme had a Km value of 6 μM for NADPH and 34 μM for progesterone. The enzyme had a strong substrate specificity for progesterone. The relative rates for other steroids such as testosterone, cortisone and cortisol were much lower. The trypsin digestion of the purified progesterone 5β-reductase resulted in 100 peptide fragments. The largest fragment after trypsin digestion and sequence analysis consisted of 13 amino acids.
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Enzymes in cardenolide-accumulating shoot cultures of Digitalis Purpurea L
Primary and Secondary Metabolism of Plants and Cell Cultures III, 1994Co-Authors: Hanns Ulrich Seitz, Dorothea Elisabeth GärtnerAbstract:In contrast to undifferentiated cell suspension cultures of Digitalis lanata, photomixotrophic shoot cultures of Digitalis Purpurea accumulate cardiac glycosides in substantial concentrations. They are used to investigate enzymes of the cardenolide pathway. All cardenolides are 5β-configurated. The progesterone 5β-reductase and the 3β-hydroxysteroid-5β-oxidoreductase are present in shoot cultures but not in undifferentiated cell cultures. These enzymes provide precursors for cardenolides, whereas the presence of the progesterone 5α-reductase, also present in shoot cultures, is discussed with regard to its role in phytosterol biosynthesis and may be attributed to the general steroid pathway. The progesterone 5α-reductase had an activity maximum during the early growth period seven days after onset of cultivation, whereas the corresponding progesterone 5β-reductase activity was highest on day 11. The maximum cardenolide accumulation was after 24 days. The enzyme activities present in crude extracts from shoot cultures were characterized with regard to their requirements for NADPH and NADH, pH-optimum, temperature optimum, affinity to their substrates and their localization in the cell. The progesterone 5β-reductase was purified 769-fold.
Dorothea Elisabeth Gärtner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Purification, Characterization and Partial Peptide Microsequencing of Progesterone 5β-Reductase from Shoot Cultures of Digitalis Purpurea
European journal of biochemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Dorothea Elisabeth Gärtner, Wieland Keilholz, Hanns Ulrich SeitzAbstract:Progesterone 5β-reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of progesterone to 5βT-pregnane-3,20-dione, was purified 770-fold to homogeneity from the cytosolic fraction of shoot cultures of Digitalis Purpurea. This purification involved DEAE-Sephacel, affinity chromatography (Blue-Sepharose CL-6B and adenosine 2′,5′-bisphosphate-Sepharose 4B) and elution from a gel matrix after non-dissociating PAGE. The molecular mass determined by SDS/PAGE was 43 kDa and the molecular mass determined by gel-filtration chromatography on calibrated Sephadex G-200 was 280 kDa, thus indicating that the native protein is a polymer consisting of several subunits. The purified enzyme had a Km value of 6 μM for NADPH and 34 μM for progesterone. The enzyme had a strong substrate specificity for progesterone. The relative rates for other steroids such as testosterone, cortisone and cortisol were much lower. The trypsin digestion of the purified progesterone 5β-reductase resulted in 100 peptide fragments. The largest fragment after trypsin digestion and sequence analysis consisted of 13 amino acids.
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Enzymes in cardenolide-accumulating shoot cultures of Digitalis Purpurea L
Primary and Secondary Metabolism of Plants and Cell Cultures III, 1994Co-Authors: Hanns Ulrich Seitz, Dorothea Elisabeth GärtnerAbstract:In contrast to undifferentiated cell suspension cultures of Digitalis lanata, photomixotrophic shoot cultures of Digitalis Purpurea accumulate cardiac glycosides in substantial concentrations. They are used to investigate enzymes of the cardenolide pathway. All cardenolides are 5β-configurated. The progesterone 5β-reductase and the 3β-hydroxysteroid-5β-oxidoreductase are present in shoot cultures but not in undifferentiated cell cultures. These enzymes provide precursors for cardenolides, whereas the presence of the progesterone 5α-reductase, also present in shoot cultures, is discussed with regard to its role in phytosterol biosynthesis and may be attributed to the general steroid pathway. The progesterone 5α-reductase had an activity maximum during the early growth period seven days after onset of cultivation, whereas the corresponding progesterone 5β-reductase activity was highest on day 11. The maximum cardenolide accumulation was after 24 days. The enzyme activities present in crude extracts from shoot cultures were characterized with regard to their requirements for NADPH and NADH, pH-optimum, temperature optimum, affinity to their substrates and their localization in the cell. The progesterone 5β-reductase was purified 769-fold.
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Enzyme Activities in Cardenolide-Accumulating, Mixotrophic Shoot Cultures of Digitalis Purpurea L.
Journal of Plant Physiology, 1993Co-Authors: Dorothea Elisabeth Gärtner, H. Ulrich SeitzAbstract:Summary Photomixotrophic, aseptically growing shoot cultures of Digitalis Purpurea accumulate cardiac glycosides. All cardenolides are 5β-configurated. The progesterone 5β-reductase and the 3β-hydroxysteroid-5β-oxidoreductase present in these cultures are involved in providing precursors for cardenolide synthesis, whereas a progesterone 5α-reductase also present in shoot cultures is discussed with regard to its role in phytosterol biosynthesis. The 3β-hydroxysteroid-5β-oxidoreductase catalyzed the reduction of 5β-pregnane-3,20-dione to 5β-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one, which is a precursor of cardenolides; the reaction was reversible. The progesterone 5α-reductase had an activity maximum 7 days after the onset of cultivation whereas progesterone 5β-reductase had its maximum on day 11. The cardenolide content of the plantlets was highest after 24 days. The soluble 30-hydroxysteroid-5β-oxidoreductase had a pH-optimum at 6.5; the temperature optimum was 40 °C. The apparent K m value for the substrate 5β-pregnane-3,20-dione was 17.1 μM. The enzyme utilizes NADPH 2 and NADH 2 as co-substrates with an apparent K m -value for NADPH 2 of 0.8 μM.