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Jo Shu Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biodiesel production from wet microalgae feedstock using sequential wet extraction Transesterification and Direct Transesterification processes
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Ching Lung Chen, Chien Chang Huang, Kao Chia Ho, Ping Xuan Hsiao, Meng Shan Wu, Jo Shu ChangAbstract:Abstract Although producing biodiesel from microalgae seems promising, there is still a lack of technology for the quick and cost-effective conversion of biodiesel from wet microalgae. This study was aimed to develop a novel microalgal biodiesel producing method, consisting of an open system of microwave disruption, partial dewatering (via combination of methanol treatment and low-speed centrifugation), oil extraction, and Transesterification without the pre-removal of the co-solvent, using Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4 with 68.7 wt% water content as the feedstock. Direct Transesterification with the disrupted wet microalgae was also conducted. The biomass content of the wet microalgae increased to 56.6 and 60.5 wt%, respectively, after microwave disruption and partial dewatering. About 96.2% oil recovery was achieved under the conditions of: extraction temperature, 45 °C; hexane/methanol ratio, 3:1; extraction time, 80 min. Transesterification of the extracted oil reached 97.2% conversion within 15 min at 45 °C and 6:1 solvent/methanol ratio with simultaneous Chlorophyll removal during the process. Nearly 100% biodiesel conversion was also obtained while conducting Direct Transesterification of the disrupted oil-bearing microalgal biomass.
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Biodiesel production from wet microalgae feedstock using sequential wet extraction/Transesterification and Direct Transesterification processes.
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Ching Lung Chen, Chien Chang Huang, Ping Xuan Hsiao, Jo Shu ChangAbstract:Abstract Although producing biodiesel from microalgae seems promising, there is still a lack of technology for the quick and cost-effective conversion of biodiesel from wet microalgae. This study was aimed to develop a novel microalgal biodiesel producing method, consisting of an open system of microwave disruption, partial dewatering (via combination of methanol treatment and low-speed centrifugation), oil extraction, and Transesterification without the pre-removal of the co-solvent, using Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4 with 68.7 wt% water content as the feedstock. Direct Transesterification with the disrupted wet microalgae was also conducted. The biomass content of the wet microalgae increased to 56.6 and 60.5 wt%, respectively, after microwave disruption and partial dewatering. About 96.2% oil recovery was achieved under the conditions of: extraction temperature, 45 °C; hexane/methanol ratio, 3:1; extraction time, 80 min. Transesterification of the extracted oil reached 97.2% conversion within 15 min at 45 °C and 6:1 solvent/methanol ratio with simultaneous Chlorophyll removal during the process. Nearly 100% biodiesel conversion was also obtained while conducting Direct Transesterification of the disrupted oil-bearing microalgal biomass.
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Effect of solvents and oil content on Direct Transesterification of wet oil-bearing microalgal biomass of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 for biodiesel synthesis using immobilized lipase as the biocatalyst.
Bioresource technology, 2012Co-Authors: Dang Thuan Tran, Ching Lung Chen, Jo Shu ChangAbstract:Abstract In this work, a one-step extraction/Transesterification process was developed to Directly convert wet oil-bearing microalgal biomass of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 into biodiesel using immobilized Burkholderia lipase as the catalyst. The microalgal biomass (water content of 86–91%; oil content 14–63%) was pre-treated by sonication to disrupt the cell walls and then Directly mixed with methanol and solvent to carry out the enzymatic Transesterification. Addition of a sufficient amount of solvent (hexane is most preferable) is required for the Direct Transesterification of wet microalgal biomass, as a hexane-to-methanol mass ratio of 1.65 was found optimal for the biodiesel conversion. The amount of methanol and hexane required for the Direct Transesterification process was also found to correlate with the lipid content of the microalga. The biodiesel synthesis process was more efficient and economic when the lipid content of the microalgal biomass was higher. Therefore, using high-lipid-content microalgae as feedstock appears to be desirable.
Jiwon Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advances in Direct Transesterification of algal oils from wet biomass
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Jiyeon Park, Min S. Park, Jiwon YangAbstract:Abstract An interest in biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines has been increasing because of the issue of petroleum depletion and environmental concerns related to massive carbon dioxide emissions. Researchers are strongly driven to pursue the next generation of vegetable oil-based biodiesel. Oleaginous microalgae are considered to be a promising alternative oil source. To commercialize microalgal biodiesel, cost reductions in oil extraction and downstream biodiesel conversion are stressed. Herein, starting from an investigation of oil extraction from wet microalgae, a review is conducted of Transesterification using enzymes, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, and yield enhancement by ultrasound, microwave, and supercritical process. In particular, there is a focus on Direct Transesterification as a simple and energy efficient process that omits a separate oil extraction step and utilizes wet microalgal biomass; however, it is still necessary to consider issues such as the purification of microalgal oils and upgrading of biodiesel properties.
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Optimization of variables affecting the Direct Transesterification of wet biomass from Nannochloropsis oceanica using ionic liquid as a co-solvent
Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Hansol Lee, Won-sub Shin, Joo-young Jung, Chul Woong Kim, Jae Woo Lee, Jong-hee Kwon, Jiwon YangAbstract:Ionic liquids have many applications, one of which entails their utilization as powerful solvents. In the present study, various experimental conditions of ionic liquid-mediated Direct Transesterification were investigated in terms of lipid-extracting ionic liquids, catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature and volume of methanol to achieve effective FAME conversion with wet microalgal feedstock, Nannochloropsis oceanica. With ionic liquid, [Bmim][CF3SO3], highest fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield was shown. Among many experimental parameters, the two most critical factors to enhance FAME conversion were characteristic of ionic liquids and volume of methanol. Optimized ionic liquid-mediated Direct Transesterification of wet N. oceanica, compared with a control experiment using chloroform and methanol, increased the FAME conversion yield by 11-fold.
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Direct Transesterification of wet microalgal biomass for preparation of biodiesel
Algal Research, 2015Co-Authors: William I. Suh, Min S. Park, Sanjiv K. Mishra, Tae-hyoung Kim, Wasif Farooq, Myounghoon Moon, Anupama Shrivastav, Jiwon YangAbstract:Abstract Most conventional processes for algal biodiesel production involve separate lipid extraction steps or require usage of dry biomass that incurs extra cost and an energy intensive drying step. A novel process that involves dehydration of wet biomass via pretreatment with ethanol followed by Direct in situ Transesterification into biodiesel was investigated in this study. Under mild esterification at 80 °C for 30 min, pretreating the wet biomass twice with 3 volumes of ethanol resulted in a nearly four-fold increase of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) yield from 3.04 mg to 11.78 mg, while increasing the ethanol from 1 volume to 10 volumes resulted in a six fold increase of yield from 3.18 to 18.29 mg. The FAEE yield further increased when the esterification reaction was run at higher temperature and longer durations of up to 120 °C for 2 h. The overall positive impact of the pretreatment step on the final yield was far greater for milder reaction conditions, which makes the process more attractive in terms of economics and energy savings. In addition, it was found that the yield is unaffected by the choice of alcohol, which means methanol and butanol can also be used for the process. Lastly, it was found that the low concentration of water in the FAEE containing spent ethanol meant that both the solvent and sulfuric acid could be reused to further concentrate the quantity of FAEE in the final product mixture.
V.v. Tyagi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of Direct Transesterification of chlorella pyrenoidosa catalyzed by waste egg shell based heterogenous nano cao catalyst
Renewable Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Shamshad Ahmad, Shalini Chaudhary, Vinayak V. Pathak, Richa Kothari, V.v. TyagiAbstract:Abstract In present study, heterogeneous Nano-CaO catalyst was synthesized from waste egg shell (WES) and its potential was investigated for Direct Transesterification of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Catalyst was synthesized by calcination-hydration–dehydration (C–H-D) process and found to have crystalline structure with average size of 23.65 nm and 64.51 m2/g of surface area as confirmed by XRD and BET analysis. SEM-EDX analysis further confirmed that obtained Nano catalyst is mesoporous with average pore size of 9.28 nm. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of Direct Transesterification by varying the catalyst dosage (%), reaction temperature (°C) and time (min). The maximum yield of FAME (93.44%) was obtained with combination of 2.06% wt/wt catalyst with 180 min of time and 60 °C temperature. Further, biodiesel was characterized for iodine value, cloud point, pour point, cetane number, higher heating value, acid value and density, which were about 204.14 gI2/100g,-4.5 °C, 5.4 °C, 32.29, 38.03 MJ/kg, 0.83 mgKOH/g, 0.85 g/cm3 respectively. The reusability and stability of Nano-CaO catalyst was found up to 6 cycles. Findings of this research study support that Nano-CaO catalyst derived from WES is a low cost and sustainable source of catalyst that can be effectively used for biodiesel production.
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Optimization of Direct Transesterification of Chlorella pyrenoidosa catalyzed by waste egg shell based heterogenous nano – CaO catalyst
Renewable Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Shamshad Ahmad, Shalini Chaudhary, Vinayak V. Pathak, Richa Kothari, V.v. TyagiAbstract:Abstract In present study, heterogeneous Nano-CaO catalyst was synthesized from waste egg shell (WES) and its potential was investigated for Direct Transesterification of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Catalyst was synthesized by calcination-hydration–dehydration (C–H-D) process and found to have crystalline structure with average size of 23.65 nm and 64.51 m2/g of surface area as confirmed by XRD and BET analysis. SEM-EDX analysis further confirmed that obtained Nano catalyst is mesoporous with average pore size of 9.28 nm. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of Direct Transesterification by varying the catalyst dosage (%), reaction temperature (°C) and time (min). The maximum yield of FAME (93.44%) was obtained with combination of 2.06% wt/wt catalyst with 180 min of time and 60 °C temperature. Further, biodiesel was characterized for iodine value, cloud point, pour point, cetane number, higher heating value, acid value and density, which were about 204.14 gI2/100g,-4.5 °C, 5.4 °C, 32.29, 38.03 MJ/kg, 0.83 mgKOH/g, 0.85 g/cm3 respectively. The reusability and stability of Nano-CaO catalyst was found up to 6 cycles. Findings of this research study support that Nano-CaO catalyst derived from WES is a low cost and sustainable source of catalyst that can be effectively used for biodiesel production.
Hoang Chinh Nguyen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Switchable Solvent-Catalyzed Direct Transesterification of Insect Biomass for Biodiesel Production
BioEnergy Research, 2019Co-Authors: Hoang Chinh Nguyen, My Linh Nguyen, Shih-hsiang Liang, Chia-hung Su, Fu-ming WangAbstract:DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), a polarity switchable solvent, has been recognized as a green solvent for oil extraction and as a promising catalyst for Transesterification. This paper proposes a novel method that combines the dual functions of DBU in Direct Transesterification. The effects of reaction parameters on the Direct Transesterification of black soldier fly larvae with methanol when using DBU as both a catalyst and solvent were investigated, and a 96.2% biodiesel yield was achieved at a DBU-to-biomass ratio of 16:1 (mL/g), methanol-to-biomass ratio of 8:1 (mL/g), temperature of 110 °C, and reaction time of 60 min. Remarkably, because of its polarity reversibility, DBU was easily separated and recovered from the reaction solution through phase separation and could be repeatedly used up to 10 times without a considerable loss of catalytic activity. DBU-catalyzed Direct Transesterification is a green, promising, and cost-effective approach for biodiesel preparation.
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Biodiesel production by Direct Transesterification of wet spent coffee grounds using switchable solvent as a catalyst and solvent.
Bioresource technology, 2019Co-Authors: Hoang Chinh Nguyen, My Linh Nguyen, Fu-ming Wang, Horng-yi JuanAbstract:Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a promising material for sustainable preparation of biodiesel. This study proposed a new approach for biodiesel synthesis from wet SCGs using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as both a green solvent and catalyst. The optimal reaction conditions were determined as a methanol amount of 6.25 mL/g of wet SCGs, DBU amount of 14.46 mL/g of wet SCGs, temperature of 60.2 °C, and reaction time of 28.65 min through response surface methodology. Under these conditions, the maximum biodiesel yield was 97.18%. Notably, DBU polarity could be regulated reversibly, facilitating its reusability and a simple process for product separation. Under optimal conditions, DBU could be potentially reused for at least 10 cycles to yield high amounts of biodiesel. This study suggests that the switchable solvent-assisted Direct Transesterification of wet SCGs is a potential, efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach for biodiesel synthesis.
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Direct Transesterification of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for biodiesel production
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2018Co-Authors: Hoang Chinh Nguyen, Shih-hsiang Liang, Chien-chung Chien, Yi-ju Chen, Dinh Thi My HuongAbstract:Abstract In this study, Direct Transesterification with a combination of methanol and a cosolvent was demonstrated to be promising for the production of biodiesel from black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) biomass. Of the solvents tested, n-hexane was identified as the most effective cosolvent for the reaction, resulting in a 14.5-fold increase in the biodiesel yield, compared with the reaction without a cosolvent. The Direct Transesterification using n-hexane as a cosolvent was then optimized to maximize the biodiesel yield. The highest biodiesel yield of 94.14% was achieved at an n-hexane:methanol volume ratio of 1:2 (v/v), a solvent dosage of 12 mL, a catalyst loading of 1.2 mL, a temperature of 120 °C, and a reaction time of 90 min. The properties of the BSFL biodiesel were also tested, and most—such as the biodiesel's density (875 kg/m3), water content (0.03 mg/kg), ester content (98.3%), acid value ( °C), and cetane index (50)—met the specifications of the European standard EN 14214. This study suggested that Direct Transesterification using n-hexane as a cosolvent could be a promising method for biodiesel production from BSFL and decrease production costs.
Aran Incharoensakdi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Utilization of microalgae feedstock for concomitant production of bioethanol and biodiesel
Fuel, 2018Co-Authors: Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Aran IncharoensakdiAbstract:Abstract The present study focuses on the biorefinery approach of integrated production of bioethanol and biodiesel from microalgae feedstock. Various pretreatment methods were used to determine the maximum recovery of sugars from Scenedesmus sp. The total sugar yield of 93% was obtained when the biomass was pretreated by acid hydrolysis. The hydrolysate produced 86% of ethanol (theoretical yield) after the fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Enzyme catalyzed Direct Transesterification of the biomass was performed using dimethyl carbonate as a solvent and the maximum yield of 92% methyl ester, 1.86% glycerol carbonate and 4.93% glycerol dicarbonate was achieved. The integrated process of bioethanol and biodiesel production was optimally achieved when Direct Transesterification was done first followed by ethanol fermentation yielding 92 and 93% of methyl ester and ethanol, respectively.
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Production of methyl ester from two microalgae by two-step Transesterification and Direct Transesterification
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017Co-Authors: Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Aran IncharoensakdiAbstract:The efficiency of oil extraction from Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. using different cell disruption and solvent system was investigated. The ultrasound cell disruption method showed the maximum oil extraction in both algae. Oil extraction with hexane resulted in maximum oil yield for both algae. The kinetic parameters were studied and the extraction followed the first-order kinetics. The activation energy and thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated for both microalgae and the results suggested that the extraction was endothermic, irreversible and spontaneous. The methyl ester yields by two-step Transesterification and Direct Transesterification were 95 and 96% for Scenedesmus sp. and 89 and 92% for Chlorella sp. respectively. Both methods had similar net energy consumption suitable for industrial application. The methyl ester properties were analysed in comparison with those of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6751 standards.
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Direct Transesterification of Botryococcus sp. catalysed by immobilized lipase: Ultrasound treatment can reduce reaction time with high yield of methyl ester
Fuel, 2017Co-Authors: Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Aran IncharoensakdiAbstract:Abstract Methyl esters have been considered a promising alternative fuel for fossil fuels. However, the methyl ester production from lipase catalysed Direct Transesterification is a time-consuming process. It is necessary to develop the method to reduce the operating time of the lipase catalysed Direct Transesterification. Various operating parameters were studied such as solvent/algae ratio, catalyst addition, water addition, temperature and reaction time on the Direct Transesterification of Botryococcus sp. with and without ultrasound. The maximum yield, 88% methyl esters (w/w of oil) was achieved in 4 h with ultrasound treatment under optimum conditions, compared to a maximum yield of 78% methyl esters (w/w of oil), after 36 h without ultrasound. Under optimum conditions, the Transesterification of Botryococcus sp. oil with dimethyl carbonate produced 2.7% glycerol carbonate and 5.7% glycerol dicarbonate (w/w of oil) with an added benefit of very low free glycerol content. The properties of methyl esters obtained were found to be within the acceptable limits. The obtained results indicate that this ultrasound assisted Direct Transesterification of Botryococcus sp. oil catalysed by lipase is very promising for biodiesel production using microalgae as the feedstock.