The Experts below are selected from a list of 16479 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ilan Kelman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • knowledge exchange through science diplomacy to assist Disaster Risk Reduction
    Progress in Disaster Science, 2021
    Co-Authors: Yekaterina Y Kontar, Ilan Kelman, Alik Ismailzadeh, Paul Arthur Berkman, Patrizia Isabelle Duda, Sir Peter Gluckman
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper analyses science diplomacy efforts to reduce Disaster Risks and proposes establishing national knowledge exchange centers (KECs) to help individual states adhere to their Sendai Framework goals. KECs are considered to be interconnected globally and work together to promote resilience efforts by facilitating sharing of information and strategies in Risk monitoring, assessment, and ultimately Reduction across the globe. KECs can provide high-quality scientific evidence for informed decisionmaking along with a component related to Disaster science media to ensure that appropriate knowledge reaches a variety of people who need it in different forms tailored for them. KECs can promote transdisciplinary education in Disaster-related science diplomacy (i.e., Disaster diplomacy). The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) and the International Science Council (ISC) can provide assistance to KECs through UNDRR National Platforms and ISC Members.

  • linking Disaster Risk Reduction climate change and the sustainable development goals
    Disaster Prevention and Management, 2017
    Co-Authors: Ilan Kelman
    Abstract:

    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to better link the parallel processes yielding international agreements on climate change, Disaster Risk Reduction, and sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach This paper explores how the Paris Agreement for climate change relates to Disaster Risk Reduction and sustainable development, demonstrating too much separation amongst the topics. A resolution is provided through placing climate change within wider Disaster Risk Reduction and sustainable development contexts. Findings No reason exists for climate change to be separated from wider Disaster Risk Reduction and sustainable development processes. Research limitations/implications Based on the research, a conceptual approach for policy and practice is provided. Due to entrenched territory, the research approach is unlikely to be implemented. Originality/value Using a scientific basis to propose an ending for the silos separating international processes for climate change, Disaster Risk Reduction, and sustainable development.

  • Climate Change and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ilan Kelman
    Abstract:

    This article reviews climate change within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR), analyzing how climate change is mentioned in the framework’s text and the potential implications for dealing with climate change within the context of Disaster Risk Reduction. Three main categories are examined. First, climate change affecting Disaster Risk and Disasters, demonstrating too much emphasis on the single hazard driver and diminisher of climate change. Second, cross-sectoral approaches, for which the SFDRR treads carefully, thereby unfortunately entrenching artificial differences and divisions, although appropriately offering plenty of support to other sectors from Disaster Risk Reduction. Third, implementation, for which climate change plays a suitable role without being overbearing, but for which other hazard influencers should have been treated similarly. Overall, the mentions of climate change within the SFDRR put too much emphasis on the hazard part of Disaster Risk. Instead, within the context of the three global sustainable development processes that seek agreements in 2015, climate change could have been used to further support an all-vulnerabilities and all-resiliences approach. That could be achieved by placing climate change adaptation as one subset within Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change mitigation as one subset within sustainable development.

  • climate change s role in Disaster Risk Reduction s future beyond vulnerability and resilience
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: J. C. Gaillard, Ilan Kelman, Jessica Mercer
    Abstract:

    A seminal policy year for development and sustainability occurs in 2015 due to three parallel processes that seek long-term agreements for climate change, the Sustainable Development Goals, and Disaster Risk Reduction. Little reason exists to separate them, since all three examine and aim to deal with many similar processes, including vulnerability and resilience. This article uses vulnerability and resilience to explore the intersections and overlaps amongst climate change, Disaster Risk Reduction, and sustainability. Critiquing concepts such as “return to normal” and “double exposure” demonstrate how separating climate change from wider contexts is counterproductive. Climate change is one contributor to Disaster Risk and one creeping environmental change amongst many, and not necessarily the most prominent or fundamental contributor. Yet climate change has become politically important, yielding an opportunity to highlight and tackle the deep-rooted vulnerability processes that cause “multiple exposure” to multiple threats. To enhance resilience processes that deal with the challenges, a prudent place for climate change would be as a subset within Disaster Risk Reduction. Climate change adaptation therefore becomes one of many processes within Disaster Risk Reduction. In turn, Disaster Risk Reduction should sit within development and sustainability to avoid isolation from topics wider than Disaster Risk. Integration of the topics in this way moves beyond expressions of vulnerability and resilience towards a vision of Disaster Risk Reduction’s future that ends tribalism and separation in order to work together to achieve common goals for humanity.

  • does mitigation save reviewing cost benefit analyses of Disaster Risk Reduction
    International journal of disaster risk reduction, 2014
    Co-Authors: Cheney Shreve, Ilan Kelman
    Abstract:

    The benefit-cost-ratio (BCR), used in cost-benefit analysis (CBA), is an indicator that attempts to summarize the overall value for money of a project. Disaster costs continue to rise and the demand has increased to demonstrate the economic benefit of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) to policy makers. This study compiles and compares original CBA case studies reporting DRR BCRs, without restrictions as to hazard type, location, scale, or other parameters. Many results were identified supporting the economic effectiveness of DRR, however, key limitations were identified, including a lack of: sensitivity analyses, meta-analyses which critique the literature, consideration of climate change, evaluation of the duration of benefits, broader consideration of the process of vulnerability, and potential disbenefits of DRR measures. The studies demonstrate the importance of context for each BCR result. Recommendations are made regarding minimum criteria to consider when conducting DRR CBAs.

Virginia Murray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • health edrm in international policy agenda i sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 2030
    2020
    Co-Authors: Emily Y Y Chan, Virginia Murray, Heidi Hung, Rajib Shaw
    Abstract:

    The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 has been directing global efforts in Disaster Risk Reduction since its adoption in 2015, and its unprecedented emphasis on health has affirmed unequivocally the critical role of health throughout the Disaster cycle. The Sendai Framework calls for the strengthening of resilience through the prevention and Reduction of hazard exposure and vulnerability, and increased preparedness for response and recovery. While health resilience is one of the core themes in the Sendai Framework, with it being recognized as both a determinant and outcome of Disaster Risk Reduction at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction in Cancun, Mexico in 2017, its impact at implementation level requires sustained efforts on all fronts. The aspirations and recommendations set out in the Bangkok Principles on the implementation of health aspects of the Sendai Framework have not yet been fully addressed. To synergize the concerted efforts all relevant practitioners, Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) has emerged as a discipline that cuts across emergency and Disaster medicine, Disaster Risk Reduction, humanitarian response, community health resilience, and health systems resilience. Health-EDRM highlights the intersection of health and Disaster Risk Reduction and has been playing a key role in supporting the implementation of the health aspects of the Sendai Framework. Major challenges however remain for Health-EDRM to develop into a well-established field of inquiry, with the quality of data and research methodology requiring urgent attention.

  • an international program on silk road Disaster Risk Reduction a belt and road initiative 2016 2020
    Journal of Mountain Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Virginia Murray, Cui Peng, Amar Deep Regmi, A Pasuto, Giacomo Titti, Muhammad Shafique, Tilak Priyadarshana D G
    Abstract:

    Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries (BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess Disaster Risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for Disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.

  • building urban resilience for Disaster Risk management and Disaster Risk Reduction
    Procedia Engineering, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nuha Etinay, C O Egbu, Virginia Murray
    Abstract:

    © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) emerged as systematic approaches to reduce the impact of climate change on the built environment. However, post 2015 United Nations (UN) Disaster management and emergency policies failed to capture the dynamics of hazards, exposure and vulnerability essential for building urban resilience. As part of an ongoing PhD study, this paper aims to identify common principles for DRM and DRR in the context of urban resilience, towards building coherence between the 2015-2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the built environment and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR). The paper adopts a constructivist position to investigate the historical emergence of DRM and DRR in pre-and-post the year 2015. Learning lessons, identifying gaps and future challenges, a correlational study of the three-stage Disaster preparedness process of recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction in DRR and DRM is conducted, against the indicators of Target D for the SFDRR, and Goal 11 for the SDGs three main constructs: Disaster damage, critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services. The outcomes of this study show the absence of indicators to monitor progress on evolving Disasters and underlying Risk drivers. A Preparedness Framework is developed in this paper with recommendations to integrate the UN Habitat Urban System Model Approach for urban resilience, and develop Risk-resilient DRM and DRR frameworks for sustainable built environments.

  • global community of Disaster Risk Reduction scientists and decision makers endorse a science and technology partnership to support the implementation of the sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 2030
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Chloe Dickinson, Amina Aitsiselmi, Chadia Wannous, Pedro Basabe, Virginia Murray
    Abstract:

    At the first gathering of its kind on the role of science in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, over 750 scientists, policymakers, business people, and practitioners met in Geneva from January 27–29, 2016. The UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 featured experts from some of the world’s most Disaster-prone countries. The conference brought together a diversity of science and technology community from all geographical regions, international partners and scientific disciplines, and a wide variety of other stakeholders including policymakers and nongovernmental organizations to discuss the barriers and opportunities to reducing Disaster Risk and loss in the coming 15 years. Attendees contributed to a lively and dynamic debate, including on social media using the hashtag #science4sendai and reporting blogs from many of the organizations represented. The Sendai Framework (UNISDR 2015a), agreed at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan in March 2016, was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 3 June 2015. It places unprecedented emphasis on the role of science and technology in Disaster Risk Reduction and calls for a strengthening of networks, platforms, and research institutions, a refocus on research into Disaster Risk patterns, and examining causes and effects. Its goal is to ‘‘prevent new and reduce existing Disaster Risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to Disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience’’ (UNISDR 2015a, Paragraph 17). The organizing committee of the conference, which included members of the UNISDR’s Scientific and Technical Advisory Group (STAG), brought the wide range of stakeholders together to launch the UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership and the UNISDR Science and Technology Road Map to 2030 (UNISDR 2015b). The Road Map presents the expected outcomes under each of the four priorities for action outlined in the Sendai Framework, and proposes key actions that the UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership can undertake to fulfil the expected outcomes and to achieve the goal of the Sendai Framework. It also highlights ways for monitoring progress and reviewing needs. Both the Road Map and the Partnership were supported by the conference participants as promising ways forward to 2030. The conference discussions were arranged into four work streams that looked at opportunities to work & Virginia Murray virginia.murray@phe.gov.uk

  • reflections on a science and technology agenda for 21st century Disaster Risk Reduction
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Amina Aitsiselmi, Virginia Murray, Chadia Wannous, Chloe Dickinson, David Johnston, Akiyuki Kawasaki, Annesophie Stevance, Tiffany Yeung
    Abstract:

    The first international conference for the post-2015 United Nations landmark agreements (Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, Sustainable Development Goals, and Paris Agreement on Climate Change) was held in January 2016 to discuss the role of science and technology in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. The UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 aimed to discuss and endorse plans that maximize science’s contribution to reducing Disaster Risks and losses in the coming 15 years and bring together the diversity of stakeholders producing and using Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) science and technology. This article describes the evolution of the role of science and technology in the policy process building up to the Sendai Framework adoption that resulted in an unprecedented emphasis on science in the text agreed on by 187 United Nations member states in March 2015 and endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in June 2015. Contributions assembled by the Conference Organizing Committee and teams including the conference concept notes and the conference discussions that involved a broad range of scientists and decision makers are summarized in this article. The conference emphasized how partnerships and networks can advance multidisciplinary research and bring together science, policy, and practice; how Disaster Risk is understood, and how Risks are assessed and early warning systems are designed; what data, standards, and innovative practices would be needed to measure and report on Risk Reduction; what research and capacity gaps exist and how difficulties in creating and using science for effective DRR can be overcome. The Science and Technology Conference achieved two main outcomes: (1) initiating the UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership for the implementation of the Sendai Framework; and (2) generating discussion and agreement regarding the content and endorsement process of the UNISDR Science and Technology Road Map to 2030.

Amina Aitsiselmi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • global community of Disaster Risk Reduction scientists and decision makers endorse a science and technology partnership to support the implementation of the sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 2030
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Chloe Dickinson, Amina Aitsiselmi, Chadia Wannous, Pedro Basabe, Virginia Murray
    Abstract:

    At the first gathering of its kind on the role of science in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, over 750 scientists, policymakers, business people, and practitioners met in Geneva from January 27–29, 2016. The UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 featured experts from some of the world’s most Disaster-prone countries. The conference brought together a diversity of science and technology community from all geographical regions, international partners and scientific disciplines, and a wide variety of other stakeholders including policymakers and nongovernmental organizations to discuss the barriers and opportunities to reducing Disaster Risk and loss in the coming 15 years. Attendees contributed to a lively and dynamic debate, including on social media using the hashtag #science4sendai and reporting blogs from many of the organizations represented. The Sendai Framework (UNISDR 2015a), agreed at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan in March 2016, was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 3 June 2015. It places unprecedented emphasis on the role of science and technology in Disaster Risk Reduction and calls for a strengthening of networks, platforms, and research institutions, a refocus on research into Disaster Risk patterns, and examining causes and effects. Its goal is to ‘‘prevent new and reduce existing Disaster Risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to Disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience’’ (UNISDR 2015a, Paragraph 17). The organizing committee of the conference, which included members of the UNISDR’s Scientific and Technical Advisory Group (STAG), brought the wide range of stakeholders together to launch the UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership and the UNISDR Science and Technology Road Map to 2030 (UNISDR 2015b). The Road Map presents the expected outcomes under each of the four priorities for action outlined in the Sendai Framework, and proposes key actions that the UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership can undertake to fulfil the expected outcomes and to achieve the goal of the Sendai Framework. It also highlights ways for monitoring progress and reviewing needs. Both the Road Map and the Partnership were supported by the conference participants as promising ways forward to 2030. The conference discussions were arranged into four work streams that looked at opportunities to work & Virginia Murray virginia.murray@phe.gov.uk

  • reflections on a science and technology agenda for 21st century Disaster Risk Reduction
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Amina Aitsiselmi, Virginia Murray, Chadia Wannous, Chloe Dickinson, David Johnston, Akiyuki Kawasaki, Annesophie Stevance, Tiffany Yeung
    Abstract:

    The first international conference for the post-2015 United Nations landmark agreements (Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, Sustainable Development Goals, and Paris Agreement on Climate Change) was held in January 2016 to discuss the role of science and technology in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. The UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 aimed to discuss and endorse plans that maximize science’s contribution to reducing Disaster Risks and losses in the coming 15 years and bring together the diversity of stakeholders producing and using Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) science and technology. This article describes the evolution of the role of science and technology in the policy process building up to the Sendai Framework adoption that resulted in an unprecedented emphasis on science in the text agreed on by 187 United Nations member states in March 2015 and endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in June 2015. Contributions assembled by the Conference Organizing Committee and teams including the conference concept notes and the conference discussions that involved a broad range of scientists and decision makers are summarized in this article. The conference emphasized how partnerships and networks can advance multidisciplinary research and bring together science, policy, and practice; how Disaster Risk is understood, and how Risks are assessed and early warning systems are designed; what data, standards, and innovative practices would be needed to measure and report on Risk Reduction; what research and capacity gaps exist and how difficulties in creating and using science for effective DRR can be overcome. The Science and Technology Conference achieved two main outcomes: (1) initiating the UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership for the implementation of the Sendai Framework; and (2) generating discussion and agreement regarding the content and endorsement process of the UNISDR Science and Technology Road Map to 2030.

  • reflections on a science and technology agenda for 21st century Disaster Risk Reduction based on the scientific content of the 2016 unisdr science and technology conference on the implementation of the sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 2030
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Amina Aitsiselmi, Virginia Murray, Chadia Wannous, Chloe Dickinson, David Johnston, Akiyuki Kawasaki, Annesophie Stevance, Tiffany Yeung
    Abstract:

    The first international conference for the post-2015 United Nations landmark agreements (Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, Sustainable Development Goals, and Paris Agreement on Climate Change) was held in January 2016 to discuss the role of science and technology in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. The UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 aimed to discuss and endorse plans that maximize science’s contribution to reducing Disaster Risks and losses in the coming 15 years and bring together the diversity of stakeholders producing and using Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) science and technology. This article describes the evolution of the role of science and technology in the policy process building up to the Sendai Framework adoption that resulted in an unprecedented emphasis on science in the text agreed on by 187 United Nations member states in March 2015 and endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in June 2015. Contributions assembled by the Conference Organizing Committee and teams including the conference concept notes and the conference discussions that involved a broad range of scientists and decision makers are summarized in this article. The conference emphasized how partnerships and networks can advance multidisciplinary research and bring together science, policy, and practice; how Disaster Risk is understood, and how Risks are assessed and early warning systems are designed; what data, standards, and innovative practices would be needed to measure and report on Risk Reduction; what research and capacity gaps exist and how difficulties in creating and using science for effective DRR can be overcome. The Science and Technology Conference achieved two main outcomes: (1) initiating the UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership for the implementation of the Sendai Framework; and (2) generating discussion and agreement regarding the content and endorsement process of the UNISDR Science and Technology Road Map to 2030.

  • the sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction renewing the global commitment to people s resilience health and well being
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Amina Aitsiselmi, Virginia Murray, Chadia Wannous, Shinichi Egawa, Hiroyuki Sasaki
    Abstract:

    The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) is the first global policy framework of the United Nations’ post-2015 agenda. It represents a step in the direction of global policy coherence with explicit reference to health, development, and climate change. To develop SFDRR, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) organized and facilitated several global, regional, national, and intergovernmental negotiations and technical meetings in the period preceding the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR) 2015 where SFDRR was adopted. UNISDR also worked with representatives of governments, UN agencies, and scientists to develop targets and indicators for SFDRR and proposed them to member states for negotiation and adoption as measures of progress and achievement in protecting lives and livelihoods. The multiple efforts of the health community in the policy development process, including campaigning for safe schools and hospitals, helped to put people’s mental and physical health, resilience, and well-being higher up the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) agenda compared with the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015. This article reviews the historical and contemporary policy development process that led to the SFDRR with particular reference to the development of the health theme.

  • the sendai framework Disaster Risk Reduction through a health lens
    Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2015
    Co-Authors: Amina Aitsiselmi, Virginia Murray
    Abstract:

    After negotiations at the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in March 2015, a new framework was adopted by 187 Member States.1 The Sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 highlights concerns on human health and well-being that are common to Disaster Risk Reduction, climate change and sustainable development.2 A substantial emphasis on health is a welcome development, given the relative lack of attention to health issues in its predecessor, the Hyogo framework for action 2005–2015.3 The Hyogo framework did succeed in galvanizing many stakeholders including governments, scientists, the commercial sector and nongovernmental organizations to make progress on Disaster Risk Reduction.1,4 However, more progress is needed in addressing underlying vulnerability from poverty, inequity or poor urban planning and land use.5 Disaster impacts are strongly influenced by physical, social, economic and environmental factors.6 Reducing Disaster Risk, therefore, requires concerted action across a wide range of sectors, institutions and disciplines. The Sendai framework is relevant within and beyond the health sector. There are more than 30 explicit references to health, referring to the implementation of an all-hazards approach to managing Disaster Risk, including links to epidemics and pandemics, several references to the International health regulations (2005)7 and to rehabilitation as part of Disaster recovery. Via the framework, Member States have called for enhanced scientific and technical work on Disaster Risk Reduction and its mobilization through the coordination of existing networks and scientific research institutions at all levels and all regions, with the support of the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction’s Scientific and Technical Advisory Group, in order to strengthen the evidence base in support of the implementation of this framework; promote scientific research of Disaster Risk patterns, causes and effects; disseminate Risk information with the best use of geospatial information technology; provide guidance on methodologies and standards for Risk assessments, Disaster Risk modelling and the use of data; identify research and technology gaps and set recommendations for research priority areas in Disaster Risk Reduction; promote and support the availability and application of science and technology to decision-making; contribute to the update of the terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction; use post-Disaster reviews as opportunities to enhance learning and public policy and disseminate studies.1,4 Over the next 15 years, the framework aims to achieve the substantial Reduction of Disaster Risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries. Voluntary commitments with a specific public health focus that have been agreed include: enhancing the resilience of national health systems through training and capacity development; strengthening the design and implementation of inclusive policies and social safety-net mechanisms, including access to basic health care services towards the eradication of poverty; finding durable solutions in the post-Disaster phase to empower and assist people disproportionately affected by Disasters, including those with life threatening and chronic disease; enhancing cooperation between health authorities and other relevant stakeholders to strengthen country capacity for Disaster Risk management for health; the implementation of the International health regulations (2005)7 and the building of resilient health systems; improving the resilience of new and existing critical infrastructure, including hospitals, to ensure that they remain safe, effective and operational during and after Disasters, to provide live-saving and essential services; establishing a mechanism of case registry and a database of mortality caused by Disaster to improve the prevention of morbidity and mortality and enhancing recovery schemes to provide psychosocial support and mental health services for all people in need. The framework requires coordinated action across local, national, regional and international levels. Synergies across Disaster Risk Reduction, the sustainable development goals and climate change policy need to be better recognized. This could considerably enhance management of Disaster Risks through capacity development and joint policy initiatives between the health sector and other sectors.8

Jessica Mercer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • climate change s role in Disaster Risk Reduction s future beyond vulnerability and resilience
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: J. C. Gaillard, Ilan Kelman, Jessica Mercer
    Abstract:

    A seminal policy year for development and sustainability occurs in 2015 due to three parallel processes that seek long-term agreements for climate change, the Sustainable Development Goals, and Disaster Risk Reduction. Little reason exists to separate them, since all three examine and aim to deal with many similar processes, including vulnerability and resilience. This article uses vulnerability and resilience to explore the intersections and overlaps amongst climate change, Disaster Risk Reduction, and sustainability. Critiquing concepts such as “return to normal” and “double exposure” demonstrate how separating climate change from wider contexts is counterproductive. Climate change is one contributor to Disaster Risk and one creeping environmental change amongst many, and not necessarily the most prominent or fundamental contributor. Yet climate change has become politically important, yielding an opportunity to highlight and tackle the deep-rooted vulnerability processes that cause “multiple exposure” to multiple threats. To enhance resilience processes that deal with the challenges, a prudent place for climate change would be as a subset within Disaster Risk Reduction. Climate change adaptation therefore becomes one of many processes within Disaster Risk Reduction. In turn, Disaster Risk Reduction should sit within development and sustainability to avoid isolation from topics wider than Disaster Risk. Integration of the topics in this way moves beyond expressions of vulnerability and resilience towards a vision of Disaster Risk Reduction’s future that ends tribalism and separation in order to work together to achieve common goals for humanity.

  • culture and Disaster Risk Reduction lessons and opportunities
    Environmental Hazards, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jessica Mercer, Jeanchristophe Gaillard, Kate Crowley, Rachel Shannon, Bob Alexander, S Day, Julia Becker
    Abstract:

    The value of physical science in mitigating the effects of environmental hazards is well acknowledged. Less acknowledged are the cultural influences affecting adoption of Disaster Risk Reduction strategies, that is what influence ‘culture’ has upon hazard and Risk. This paper explores the need to consider ‘culture’ within Disaster Risk Reduction and cross disciplinary boundaries through four key questions: (a) How relevant is ‘culture’ to Disaster Risk Reduction? (b) How can we engage with different cultures? (c) How can local knowledge be accessed and utilized? (d) How can local and scientific knowledge be integrated for the benefit of Disaster Risk Reduction? The questions are answered through drawing upon case study snapshots from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, USA and the Maldives that explore geological-related hazard phenomena, including earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis, and their effects within communities. Challenges and ways forward for ensuring the integration of cultural considerations into ri...

  • indigenous knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction
    Geography, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ilan Kelman, Jessica Mercer, J. C. Gaillard
    Abstract:

    No single knowledge form can be a panacea for Disaster Risk Reduction, but, as this article shows, indigenous knowledge has the potential for contributing far more than is usually permitted. Follow...

  • Disaster Risk Reduction or climate change adaptation are we reinventing the wheel
    Journal of International Development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jessica Mercer
    Abstract:

    Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) policies and strategies are well established within the international development community, being utilised at the grassroots level to address all forms of hazards. An exacerbation and increase in meteorological hazards has in part been attributed to climate change. Climate change also contributes to noticeable seasonal fluctuations that severely affect natural resource based livelihoods. In response, a need in development policy has been identified to address climate change at the community level by helping those most affected through ‘climate change adaptation’ (CCA) strategies. This paper explores the differences—or, rather, the similarities—between DRR and CCA through analysing climate-related DRR in Papua New Guinea (PNG) within the context of wider development policies. Ways forward are identified for international development policy supporting all forms of Risk Reduction through integrating DRR and CCA strategies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • framework for integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction
    Disasters, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jessica Mercer, Ilan Kelman, Lorin Taranis, Sandie Suchetpearson
    Abstract:

    A growing awareness of the value of indigenous knowledge has prompted calls for its use within Disaster Risk Reduction. The use of indigenous knowledge alongside scientific knowledge is increasingly advocated but there is as yet no clearly developed framework demonstrating how the two may be integrated to reduce community vulnerability to environmental hazards. This paper presents such a framework, using a participatory approach in which relevant indigenous and scientific knowledge may be integrated to reduce a community's vulnerability to environmental hazards. Focusing on small island developing states it presents an analysis of the need for such a framework alongside the difficulties of incorporating indigenous knowledge. This is followed by an explanation of the various processes within the framework, drawing on research completed in Papua New Guinea. This framework is an important first step in identifying how indigenous and scientific knowledge may be integrated to reduce community vulnerability to environmental hazards.

Rajib Shaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • health edrm in international policy agenda i sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 2030
    2020
    Co-Authors: Emily Y Y Chan, Virginia Murray, Heidi Hung, Rajib Shaw
    Abstract:

    The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 has been directing global efforts in Disaster Risk Reduction since its adoption in 2015, and its unprecedented emphasis on health has affirmed unequivocally the critical role of health throughout the Disaster cycle. The Sendai Framework calls for the strengthening of resilience through the prevention and Reduction of hazard exposure and vulnerability, and increased preparedness for response and recovery. While health resilience is one of the core themes in the Sendai Framework, with it being recognized as both a determinant and outcome of Disaster Risk Reduction at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction in Cancun, Mexico in 2017, its impact at implementation level requires sustained efforts on all fronts. The aspirations and recommendations set out in the Bangkok Principles on the implementation of health aspects of the Sendai Framework have not yet been fully addressed. To synergize the concerted efforts all relevant practitioners, Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) has emerged as a discipline that cuts across emergency and Disaster medicine, Disaster Risk Reduction, humanitarian response, community health resilience, and health systems resilience. Health-EDRM highlights the intersection of health and Disaster Risk Reduction and has been playing a key role in supporting the implementation of the health aspects of the Sendai Framework. Major challenges however remain for Health-EDRM to develop into a well-established field of inquiry, with the quality of data and research methodology requiring urgent attention.

  • Disaster Risk Reduction and innovations
    Progress in Disaster Science, 2019
    Co-Authors: Takako Izumi, Rajib Shaw, Riyanti Djalante, Mikio Ishiwatari, Takeshi Komino
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction encourages investment in innovation and technology development in Disaster Risk management. However, needs for science and technology inputs are unmet, and there is a lack of policy making that is based on science and evidence. This paper identified three key issues that could help overcome these barriers: networking, coproduction of knowledge, and a stronger role played by academia. A number of innovative approaches and tools have been developed for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR); however, it has not yet been understood what the most effective DRR innovations are. A survey was conducted among representatives of academia, government, NGOs, and the private sector to identify the most effective DRR innovations. Community-based DRR and Risk management received the most votes. Half of the top-10 list was taken up with innovative approaches, which shows that both products and approaches are widely recognized as innovations, and both contribute to the improvement of existing and traditional DRR as it tackles new challenges. To enhance the interfaces among science, technology, and policy making and the development and implementation of DRR innovations, the following is recommended: increasing coproduction with researchers and practitioners, continuing the sharing of innovation case studies, strengthening communication and dialogues among stakeholders using effective, national and local platforms, understanding that innovations are not limited to high-tech products but can be approaches as well, and pursuing research on the potential of Artificial intelligence (AI), communication tools, and innovations related to climate Disaster that can improve current strategies and capacities for DRR.

  • priority actions for science and technology to implement the sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
    Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia#R##N#Potentials and Challenges, 2018
    Co-Authors: Fang Lian, Rajib Shaw
    Abstract:

    The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) recognizes the importance of science and technology as well as contributes to the UNISDR Science and Technology Roadmap. Integrated Research on Disaster Risk served two surveys to analyze the top priority actions of science and technology to accomplish the Roadmap among a wide range of stakeholders. The surveys report that considerable progress should be prioritized in strengthening capacity building of young scientists who are crucial contributors to multidisciplinary research in the field of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). Meanwhile, DRR’s higher education knowledge platforms and networks take precedence to implement all SFDRR priorities. Enhancing government engagement and legal resources is essential to promote science–policy interface and fulfill the goals of SFDRR, particularly for nations to establish state targets and local indicators. The rest of the actions are taken into account in the medium- (next 5 years) and long-term plans.

  • bangkok to sendai and beyond implications for Disaster Risk Reduction in asia
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ranit Chatterjee, Koichi Shiwaku, Rajarshi Das Gupta, Genta Nakano, Rajib Shaw
    Abstract:

    The recently concluded World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR) in Sendai, Japan and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) have set renewed priorities for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) for the next 15 years. Due to Asia’s high exposure to natural hazards, the implications of the new SFDRR have major significance for the future development of the region. The 6th Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (AMCDRR), held in Bangkok in 2014, was a regional preparatory meeting for the WCDRR, and proposed various targets and indicators for DRR in Asia. The AMCDRR recommended inclusion of these goals in the SFDRR. This study focuses on the WCDRR negotiations, particularly outcomes that affect four major groups: local authorities; children and youth; science and technology; and business and industry. An analysis is undertaken of the overlaps and gaps in the outcomes of the 6th AMCDRR and other preceding conferences that fed into the WCDRR. A set of recommendations has evolved from this examination for consideration at the upcoming 7th AMCDRR in 2016. The areas that merit consideration in the upcoming AMCDRR 2016 are: (1) development of baseline data and quantitative indicators for monitoring progress in DRR; (2) creation of a common stakeholder platform; (3) construction of city typologies for consideration in all future local level planning; (4) promotion of a culture of safety by linking large enterprises with small and medium enterprises; and (5) exchange and sharing of information and databases between regions at all scales.

  • community practices for Disaster Risk Reduction in japan
    2014
    Co-Authors: Rajib Shaw
    Abstract:

    Disaster Risk Reduction and Community Approaches.- Kobe Earthquake: Turning Point of Community-based Risk Reduction in Japan.- Typhoon, Flood and Landslide Related Disasters in Japan: Role of Communities.- Social Capital in Disaster Recovery in Japan: An Overview.- Concepts and Approaches of School-centered Disaster Resilient Communities.- Building Disaster Resilient Community through Healthcare Networking.- Roles of Community Radio in Disaster Management: Reflections from Japan.- Community Development and Disaster Preparedness in a Depopulated Society: Case of Tosashimizu City, Kochi Prefecture.- Traditional Community-based Disaster Management in World Heritage Site of Shirakawa Village.- Community Practices of Transmitting Daily and Disaster Information in Reihoku Area.- Community Resilience after Chuetsu Earthquake in 2004: Extinction or Relocation?.- Issues and Challenges of Temporary Housing in Post 3.11 Kesennuma.- Adapting Fisheries to Climate Change: Community-based and Scientific-oriented Fisheries Management of Saroma Lake, Hokkaido.