The Experts below are selected from a list of 2361 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kamila Czene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lung cancer genetic predisposition and smoking the nordic twin study of cancer
Thorax, 2017Co-Authors: Jacob V B Hjelmborg, Tellervo Korhonen, Klaus K Holst, Axel Skytthe, Eero Pukkala, Julia Kutschke, Jennifer R Harris, Lorelei A Mucci, Kaare Christensen, Kamila CzeneAbstract:Background We aimed to disentangle genetic and environmental causes in lung cancer while considering smoking status. Methods Four Nordic twin cohorts (43 512 monozygotic (MZ) and 71 895 same sex dizygotic (DZ) twin individuals) had smoking data before cancer diagnosis. We used time-to-event analyses accounting for censoring and competing risk of death to estimate incidence, concordance risk and heritability of liability to develop lung cancer by smoking status. Results During a median of 28.5 years of follow-up, we recorded 1508 incident lung cancers. Of the 30 MZ and 28 DZ Pairs concordant for lung cancer, nearly all were current smokers at baseline and only one concordant Pair was seen among never smokers. Among ever smokers, the case-wise concordance of lung cancer, that is the risk before a certain age conditional on lung cancer in the co-twin before that age, was significantly increased compared with the cumulative incidence for both MZ and DZ Pairs. This ratio, the relative recurrence risk, significantly decreased by age for MZ but was constant for DZ Pairs. Heritability of lung cancer was 0.41 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.56) for currently smoking and 0.37 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.49) for ever smoking Pairs. Among smoking Discordant Pairs, the Pairwise HR for lung cancer of the ever smoker twin compared to the never smoker co-twin was 5.4 (95% CI 2.1 to 14.0) in MZ Pairs and 5.0 (95% CI 3.2 to 7.9) in DZ Pairs. Conclusions The contribution of familial effects appears to decrease by age. The Discordant Pair analysis confirms that smoking causes lung cancer.
Roberto Brunelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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birthweight discordance and neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancies a systematic review and meta analysis
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2019Co-Authors: Daniele Di Mascio, Me Flacco, Ganesh Acharya, Asma Khalil, Anthony Odibo, F Prefumo, Marco Liberati, Danilo Buca, Lamberto Manzoli, Roberto BrunelliAbstract:Introduction The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the association between birthweight discordance and neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancies. Material and methods MEDLINE, Embase and Cinahl databases were searched. Studies reporting the occurrence of morbidity in twins affected compared with those not affected by birthweight discordance were included. The primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity (including neurological, respiratory, infectious morbidities, abnormal acid‐base status and necrotizing enterocolitis). The secondary outcomes were the individual morbidities. Sub‐group analysis according to chorionicity, gestational age at birth and fetal weight (smaller vs larger twin) was also performed. Random‐effect head‐to‐head meta‐analyses were used to analyze the data. Results Twenty studies (10 851 twin pregnancies) were included. The risk of composite morbidity was significantly higher in the pregnancies with birthweight discordance ≥15% (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0‐1.9), ≥20% (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.40‐3.45), ≥25% (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8‐3.6), and ≥30% (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.2‐3.2). In dichorionic twins, birthweight discordance ≥15% (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.65‐3.46), ≥20% (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3‐3.8), ≥25% (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4‐5.1) and ≥30% (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.3‐5.7) were all significantly associated with composite neonatal morbidity. Analysis of monochorionic twins was hampered by the very small number of included studies, which precluded adequate statistical power. Monochorionic twins with a birthweight discordance ≥20% were at significantly higher risk of composite neonatal morbidity (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1‐4.9) compared with those presenting with lesser degree of discordance. When stratifying the analysis according to gestational age at birth and fetal size, twins with birthweight discordance ≥15%, 20%, 25% and 30% delivered at ≥34 weeks were at higher risk of neonatal morbidity compared with controls, but there was no difference in the risk of morbidity between the larger and the smaller twin in the Discordant Pair. Conclusions Birthweight discordance is associated with neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancies. The strength of this association persists for dichorionic twins. It was not possible to extrapolate robust evidence on monochorionic twins due to the low power of the analysis due to the small number of included studies.
Jacob V B Hjelmborg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lung cancer genetic predisposition and smoking the nordic twin study of cancer
Thorax, 2017Co-Authors: Jacob V B Hjelmborg, Tellervo Korhonen, Klaus K Holst, Axel Skytthe, Eero Pukkala, Julia Kutschke, Jennifer R Harris, Lorelei A Mucci, Kaare Christensen, Kamila CzeneAbstract:Background We aimed to disentangle genetic and environmental causes in lung cancer while considering smoking status. Methods Four Nordic twin cohorts (43 512 monozygotic (MZ) and 71 895 same sex dizygotic (DZ) twin individuals) had smoking data before cancer diagnosis. We used time-to-event analyses accounting for censoring and competing risk of death to estimate incidence, concordance risk and heritability of liability to develop lung cancer by smoking status. Results During a median of 28.5 years of follow-up, we recorded 1508 incident lung cancers. Of the 30 MZ and 28 DZ Pairs concordant for lung cancer, nearly all were current smokers at baseline and only one concordant Pair was seen among never smokers. Among ever smokers, the case-wise concordance of lung cancer, that is the risk before a certain age conditional on lung cancer in the co-twin before that age, was significantly increased compared with the cumulative incidence for both MZ and DZ Pairs. This ratio, the relative recurrence risk, significantly decreased by age for MZ but was constant for DZ Pairs. Heritability of lung cancer was 0.41 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.56) for currently smoking and 0.37 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.49) for ever smoking Pairs. Among smoking Discordant Pairs, the Pairwise HR for lung cancer of the ever smoker twin compared to the never smoker co-twin was 5.4 (95% CI 2.1 to 14.0) in MZ Pairs and 5.0 (95% CI 3.2 to 7.9) in DZ Pairs. Conclusions The contribution of familial effects appears to decrease by age. The Discordant Pair analysis confirms that smoking causes lung cancer.
Daniele Di Mascio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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birthweight discordance and neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancies a systematic review and meta analysis
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2019Co-Authors: Daniele Di Mascio, Me Flacco, Ganesh Acharya, Asma Khalil, Anthony Odibo, F Prefumo, Marco Liberati, Danilo Buca, Lamberto Manzoli, Roberto BrunelliAbstract:Introduction The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the association between birthweight discordance and neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancies. Material and methods MEDLINE, Embase and Cinahl databases were searched. Studies reporting the occurrence of morbidity in twins affected compared with those not affected by birthweight discordance were included. The primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity (including neurological, respiratory, infectious morbidities, abnormal acid‐base status and necrotizing enterocolitis). The secondary outcomes were the individual morbidities. Sub‐group analysis according to chorionicity, gestational age at birth and fetal weight (smaller vs larger twin) was also performed. Random‐effect head‐to‐head meta‐analyses were used to analyze the data. Results Twenty studies (10 851 twin pregnancies) were included. The risk of composite morbidity was significantly higher in the pregnancies with birthweight discordance ≥15% (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0‐1.9), ≥20% (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.40‐3.45), ≥25% (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8‐3.6), and ≥30% (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.2‐3.2). In dichorionic twins, birthweight discordance ≥15% (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.65‐3.46), ≥20% (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3‐3.8), ≥25% (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4‐5.1) and ≥30% (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.3‐5.7) were all significantly associated with composite neonatal morbidity. Analysis of monochorionic twins was hampered by the very small number of included studies, which precluded adequate statistical power. Monochorionic twins with a birthweight discordance ≥20% were at significantly higher risk of composite neonatal morbidity (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1‐4.9) compared with those presenting with lesser degree of discordance. When stratifying the analysis according to gestational age at birth and fetal size, twins with birthweight discordance ≥15%, 20%, 25% and 30% delivered at ≥34 weeks were at higher risk of neonatal morbidity compared with controls, but there was no difference in the risk of morbidity between the larger and the smaller twin in the Discordant Pair. Conclusions Birthweight discordance is associated with neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancies. The strength of this association persists for dichorionic twins. It was not possible to extrapolate robust evidence on monochorionic twins due to the low power of the analysis due to the small number of included studies.
Annina Ropponen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stability and change in health behaviours as predictors for disability pension a prospective cohort study of swedish twins
BMC Public Health, 2011Co-Authors: Annina Ropponen, Jurgita Narusyte, Kristina Alexanderson, Pia SvedbergAbstract:Stability or changes of health behaviours have not been studied in association with incidence of disability pension (DP). The aims were to (1) investigate if stability or changes in health behaviours predict DP due to musculoskeletal diagnosis (MSD), (2) to evaluate if an association exists for DP in general, and (3) after taking familial confounding into account. The study sample was 16,713 like-sexed twin individuals born in Sweden between 1935-1958 (6195 complete twin Pairs) who had participated in two surveys 25 years apart, were alive, and not pensioned at the time of the latest survey. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the associations (hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)) between stability and change in health behaviours (physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use, body mass index (BMI)), and number of pain locations collected at two time points 25 years apart and the incidence of DP until 2008. During the follow-up, 1843 (11%) individuals were granted DP with 747 of these due to MSD. A higher proportion of women were granted DP than men. Increase in BMI and stable use of tobacco products were predictors for DP due to MSD (HR 1.21-1.48) and DP in general (HR 1.10-1.41). The stability in the frequency of physical activity and increased frequency of physical activity were protective factors for DP due to MSD only when accounting for familial confounding. However, the number of pain locations (stability, increase, or decrease) was the strongest predictor for future DP due to MSD (HR 3.69, CI 2.99-4.56) and DP in general (HR 2.15, CI 1.92-2.42). In Discordant Pair analysis, the HRs for pain were lower, indicating potential familial confounding. Health behaviours in adulthood, including an increase in pain locations were associated with the incidence of DP. The association between physical activity and DP was especially related to adulthood choices or habits, i.e., the individual decision about frequency of exercising. Thus, it is important to e.g. increase public awareness of the potential beneficial effects of exercise throughout life to avoid permanent exclusion from the labour market for medical reasons.