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Semyon Dyatlov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quasi normal modes and exponential energy decay for the kerr de sitter black hole
Communications in Mathematical Physics, 2011Co-Authors: Semyon DyatlovAbstract:We provide a rigorous definition of quasi-normal modes for a rotating black hole. They are given by the poles of a certain meromorphic family of operators and agree with the heuristic definition in the physics literature. If the black hole rotates slowly enough, we show that these poles form a Discrete Subset of \({\mathbb C}\) . As an application we prove that the local energy of linear waves in that background decays exponentially once orthogonality to the zero resonance is imposed.
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quasi normal modes and exponential energy decay for the kerr de sitter black hole
arXiv: Analysis of PDEs, 2010Co-Authors: Semyon DyatlovAbstract:We provide a rigorous definition of quasi-normal modes for a rotating black hole. They are given by the poles of a certain meromorphic family of operators and agree with the heuristic definition in the physics literature. If the black hole rotates slowly enough, we show that these poles form a Discrete Subset of the complex plane. As an application we prove that the local energy of linear waves in that background decays exponentially once orthogonality to the zero resonance is imposed.
Alison J Vigers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurotrophin 3 is expressed in a Discrete Subset of olfactory receptor neurons in the mouse
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2003Co-Authors: Alison J Vigers, Barbel Bottger, Zachary C Baquet, Thomas E Finger, Kevin R JonesAbstract:In transgenic neurotrophin-3 lacZ-neo (NT-3lacZneo) mice, in which the coding region for NT-3 is replaced by Eschericia coli lacZ, the expression of β-galactosidase faithfully mimics the expression of NT-3 (Vigers AJ, Baquet ZC, Jones KR [2000], J Comp Neurol 416:398–416). During embryonic and early postnatal development, β-galactosidase is detected in the olfactory system, beginning at embryonic day 11.5 in the nasal epithelium and at embryonic day 16.5 in the olfactory bulb. Levels of β-galactosidase rise with age, reaching a peak during the second postnatal week, when β-galactosidase reactivity is visible in up to 50% of the glomeruli. As the animal matures, the β-galactosidase levels decline, but staining remains present in axons and cell bodies of a specific Subset of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) projecting to a limited Subset of glomeruli. The heavily labeled ORNs do not follow the typical OR expression zones in the epithelium but appear similar to the “patch” expression pattern of mOR37 receptors. The most heavily reactive glomeruli exhibit a striking reproducible pattern in the ventral olfactory bulb (OB). Some glomeruli of the OB contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)–immunoreactive fibers of the trigeminal nerve. However, double-label immunocytochemistry for CGRP and β-galactosidase rendered no correlation between trigeminal innervation and the degree of innervation by NT-3–expressing ORNs. Thus, the timing and presence of β-galactosidase in a Subset of ORNs suggests that NT-3 plays a role in synaptogenesis and/or synapse function in a specific Subset of ORNs within the olfactory bulb. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:221–235, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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neurotrophin 3 is expressed in a Discrete Subset of olfactory receptor neurons in the mouse
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2003Co-Authors: Alison J Vigers, Barbel Bottger, Zachary C Baquet, Thomas E Finger, Kevin R JonesAbstract:In transgenic neurotrophin-3 lacZ-neo (NT-3(lacZneo)) mice, in which the coding region for NT-3 is replaced by Eschericia coli lacZ, the expression of beta-galactosidase faithfully mimics the expression of NT-3 (Vigers AJ, Baquet ZC, Jones KR [2000], J Comp Neurol 416:398-416). During embryonic and early postnatal development, beta-galactosidase is detected in the olfactory system, beginning at embryonic day 11.5 in the nasal epithelium and at embryonic day 16.5 in the olfactory bulb. Levels of beta-galactosidase rise with age, reaching a peak during the second postnatal week, when beta-galactosidase reactivity is visible in up to 50% of the glomeruli. As the animal matures, the beta-galactosidase levels decline, but staining remains present in axons and cell bodies of a specific Subset of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) projecting to a limited Subset of glomeruli. The heavily labeled ORNs do not follow the typical OR expression zones in the epithelium but appear similar to the "patch" expression pattern of mOR37 receptors. The most heavily reactive glomeruli exhibit a striking reproducible pattern in the ventral olfactory bulb (OB). Some glomeruli of the OB contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive fibers of the trigeminal nerve. However, double-label immunocytochemistry for CGRP and beta-galactosidase rendered no correlation between trigeminal innervation and the degree of innervation by NT-3-expressing ORNs. Thus, the timing and presence of beta-galactosidase in a Subset of ORNs suggests that NT-3 plays a role in synaptogenesis and/or synapse function in a specific Subset of ORNs within the olfactory bulb.
Kevin R Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurotrophin 3 is expressed in a Discrete Subset of olfactory receptor neurons in the mouse
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2003Co-Authors: Alison J Vigers, Barbel Bottger, Zachary C Baquet, Thomas E Finger, Kevin R JonesAbstract:In transgenic neurotrophin-3 lacZ-neo (NT-3lacZneo) mice, in which the coding region for NT-3 is replaced by Eschericia coli lacZ, the expression of β-galactosidase faithfully mimics the expression of NT-3 (Vigers AJ, Baquet ZC, Jones KR [2000], J Comp Neurol 416:398–416). During embryonic and early postnatal development, β-galactosidase is detected in the olfactory system, beginning at embryonic day 11.5 in the nasal epithelium and at embryonic day 16.5 in the olfactory bulb. Levels of β-galactosidase rise with age, reaching a peak during the second postnatal week, when β-galactosidase reactivity is visible in up to 50% of the glomeruli. As the animal matures, the β-galactosidase levels decline, but staining remains present in axons and cell bodies of a specific Subset of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) projecting to a limited Subset of glomeruli. The heavily labeled ORNs do not follow the typical OR expression zones in the epithelium but appear similar to the “patch” expression pattern of mOR37 receptors. The most heavily reactive glomeruli exhibit a striking reproducible pattern in the ventral olfactory bulb (OB). Some glomeruli of the OB contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)–immunoreactive fibers of the trigeminal nerve. However, double-label immunocytochemistry for CGRP and β-galactosidase rendered no correlation between trigeminal innervation and the degree of innervation by NT-3–expressing ORNs. Thus, the timing and presence of β-galactosidase in a Subset of ORNs suggests that NT-3 plays a role in synaptogenesis and/or synapse function in a specific Subset of ORNs within the olfactory bulb. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:221–235, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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neurotrophin 3 is expressed in a Discrete Subset of olfactory receptor neurons in the mouse
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2003Co-Authors: Alison J Vigers, Barbel Bottger, Zachary C Baquet, Thomas E Finger, Kevin R JonesAbstract:In transgenic neurotrophin-3 lacZ-neo (NT-3(lacZneo)) mice, in which the coding region for NT-3 is replaced by Eschericia coli lacZ, the expression of beta-galactosidase faithfully mimics the expression of NT-3 (Vigers AJ, Baquet ZC, Jones KR [2000], J Comp Neurol 416:398-416). During embryonic and early postnatal development, beta-galactosidase is detected in the olfactory system, beginning at embryonic day 11.5 in the nasal epithelium and at embryonic day 16.5 in the olfactory bulb. Levels of beta-galactosidase rise with age, reaching a peak during the second postnatal week, when beta-galactosidase reactivity is visible in up to 50% of the glomeruli. As the animal matures, the beta-galactosidase levels decline, but staining remains present in axons and cell bodies of a specific Subset of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) projecting to a limited Subset of glomeruli. The heavily labeled ORNs do not follow the typical OR expression zones in the epithelium but appear similar to the "patch" expression pattern of mOR37 receptors. The most heavily reactive glomeruli exhibit a striking reproducible pattern in the ventral olfactory bulb (OB). Some glomeruli of the OB contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive fibers of the trigeminal nerve. However, double-label immunocytochemistry for CGRP and beta-galactosidase rendered no correlation between trigeminal innervation and the degree of innervation by NT-3-expressing ORNs. Thus, the timing and presence of beta-galactosidase in a Subset of ORNs suggests that NT-3 plays a role in synaptogenesis and/or synapse function in a specific Subset of ORNs within the olfactory bulb.
Barbara A Burleigh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a soluble factor from trypanosoma cruzi inhibits transforming growth factor s induced map kinase activation and gene expression in dermal fibroblasts
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Adam G Mott, Jaime A Costales, Barbara A BurleighAbstract:The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes human Chagas' disease, exerts a variety of effects on host extracellular matrix (ECM) including proteolytic degradation of collagens and dampening of ECM gene expression. Exposure of primary human dermal fibroblasts to live infective T. cruzi trypomastigotes or their shed/secreted products results in a rapid down-regulation of the fibrogenic genes collagenIα1, fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2). Here we demonstrate the ability of a secreted/released T. cruzi factor to antagonize ctgf/ccn2 expression in dermal fibroblasts in response to TGF-s, lysophosphatidic acid or serum, where agonist-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases Erk1/2, p38 and JNK was also inhibited. Global analysis of gene expression in dermal fibroblasts identified a Discrete Subset of TGF-s-inducible genes involved in cell proliferation, wound repair, and immune regulation that are inhibited by T. cruzi secreted/released factors, where the genes exhibiting the highest sensitivity to T. cruzi are known to be regulated by MAP kinase-activated transcription factors. Consistent with this observation, the Ets-family transcription factor binding site in the proximal promoter region of the ctgf/ccn2 gene (−91 bp to −84 bp) was shown to be required for T. cruzi-mediated down-regulation of ctgf/ccn2 reporter expression. The cumulative data suggest a model in which T. cruzi-derived molecules secreted/released early in the infective process dampen MAP kinase signaling and the activation of transcription factors that regulate expression of fibroblast genes involved in wound repair and tissue remodelling, including ctgf/ccn2. These findings have broader implications for local modulation of ECM synthesis/remodelling by T. cruzi during the early establishment of infection in the mammalian host and highlight the potential for pathogen-derived molecules to be exploited as tools to modulate the fibrogenic response.
Zachary C Baquet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurotrophin 3 is expressed in a Discrete Subset of olfactory receptor neurons in the mouse
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2003Co-Authors: Alison J Vigers, Barbel Bottger, Zachary C Baquet, Thomas E Finger, Kevin R JonesAbstract:In transgenic neurotrophin-3 lacZ-neo (NT-3lacZneo) mice, in which the coding region for NT-3 is replaced by Eschericia coli lacZ, the expression of β-galactosidase faithfully mimics the expression of NT-3 (Vigers AJ, Baquet ZC, Jones KR [2000], J Comp Neurol 416:398–416). During embryonic and early postnatal development, β-galactosidase is detected in the olfactory system, beginning at embryonic day 11.5 in the nasal epithelium and at embryonic day 16.5 in the olfactory bulb. Levels of β-galactosidase rise with age, reaching a peak during the second postnatal week, when β-galactosidase reactivity is visible in up to 50% of the glomeruli. As the animal matures, the β-galactosidase levels decline, but staining remains present in axons and cell bodies of a specific Subset of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) projecting to a limited Subset of glomeruli. The heavily labeled ORNs do not follow the typical OR expression zones in the epithelium but appear similar to the “patch” expression pattern of mOR37 receptors. The most heavily reactive glomeruli exhibit a striking reproducible pattern in the ventral olfactory bulb (OB). Some glomeruli of the OB contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)–immunoreactive fibers of the trigeminal nerve. However, double-label immunocytochemistry for CGRP and β-galactosidase rendered no correlation between trigeminal innervation and the degree of innervation by NT-3–expressing ORNs. Thus, the timing and presence of β-galactosidase in a Subset of ORNs suggests that NT-3 plays a role in synaptogenesis and/or synapse function in a specific Subset of ORNs within the olfactory bulb. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:221–235, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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neurotrophin 3 is expressed in a Discrete Subset of olfactory receptor neurons in the mouse
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2003Co-Authors: Alison J Vigers, Barbel Bottger, Zachary C Baquet, Thomas E Finger, Kevin R JonesAbstract:In transgenic neurotrophin-3 lacZ-neo (NT-3(lacZneo)) mice, in which the coding region for NT-3 is replaced by Eschericia coli lacZ, the expression of beta-galactosidase faithfully mimics the expression of NT-3 (Vigers AJ, Baquet ZC, Jones KR [2000], J Comp Neurol 416:398-416). During embryonic and early postnatal development, beta-galactosidase is detected in the olfactory system, beginning at embryonic day 11.5 in the nasal epithelium and at embryonic day 16.5 in the olfactory bulb. Levels of beta-galactosidase rise with age, reaching a peak during the second postnatal week, when beta-galactosidase reactivity is visible in up to 50% of the glomeruli. As the animal matures, the beta-galactosidase levels decline, but staining remains present in axons and cell bodies of a specific Subset of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) projecting to a limited Subset of glomeruli. The heavily labeled ORNs do not follow the typical OR expression zones in the epithelium but appear similar to the "patch" expression pattern of mOR37 receptors. The most heavily reactive glomeruli exhibit a striking reproducible pattern in the ventral olfactory bulb (OB). Some glomeruli of the OB contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive fibers of the trigeminal nerve. However, double-label immunocytochemistry for CGRP and beta-galactosidase rendered no correlation between trigeminal innervation and the degree of innervation by NT-3-expressing ORNs. Thus, the timing and presence of beta-galactosidase in a Subset of ORNs suggests that NT-3 plays a role in synaptogenesis and/or synapse function in a specific Subset of ORNs within the olfactory bulb.