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Simple D Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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summary of notifiable noninfectious conditions and Disease Outbreaks surveillance data published between april 1 2016 and january 31 2017 united states
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2017Co-Authors: Kimberly Thomas, Ralph J Coates, Ruth Ann Jajosky, Daniel Deweymattia, Geoffrey M Calvert, Jaime Raymond, Simple D SinghAbstract:The Summary of Notifiable Noninfectious Conditions and Disease Outbreaks: Surveillance Data Published Between April 1, 2016 and January 31, 2017 - United States, herein referred to as the Summary (Noninfectious), contains official statistics for nationally notifiable noninfectious conditions and Disease Outbreaks. This Summary (Noninfectious) is being published in the same volume of MMWR as the annual Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions (1). Data on notifiable noninfectious conditions and Disease Outbreaks from prior years have been published previously (2,3).
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introduction to the summary of notifiable noninfectious conditions and Disease Outbreaks united states
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2016Co-Authors: Ralph J Coates, Martha Stanbury, Ruth Ann Jajosky, Kimberly Thomas, Michele Monti, Patricia L Schleiff, Simple D SinghAbstract:With this 2016 Summary of Notifiable Noninfectious Conditions and Disease Outbreaks - United States, CDC is publishing official statistics for the occurrence of nationally notifiable noninfectious conditions and Disease Outbreaks for the second time in the same volume of MMWR as the annual Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions (1). As was the case for the 2015 Summary of Notifiable Noninfectious Conditions and Disease Outbreaks (2), this joint publication is the result of a request by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) to provide readers with information on all nationally notifiable conditions and Disease Outbreaks in a single publication.
Jonathan S Yoder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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surveillance for waterborne Disease Outbreaks associated with drinking water united states 2011 2012
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2015Co-Authors: Karlyn D Beer, Virginia A Roberts, Elizabeth D Hilborn, Timothy J Wade, Kathleen E Fullerton, Julia W Gargano, Vincent R Hill, Laurel E Garrison, Preeta K Kutty, Jonathan S YoderAbstract:Advances in water management and sanitation have substantially reduced waterborne Disease in the United States, although Outbreaks continue to occur. Public health agencies in the U.S. states and territories* report information on waterborne Disease Outbreaks to the CDC Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/index.html). For 2011-2012, 32 drinking water-associated Outbreaks were reported, accounting for at least 431 cases of illness, 102 hospitalizations, and 14 deaths. Legionella was responsible for 66% of Outbreaks and 26% of illnesses, and viruses and non-Legionella bacteria together accounted for 16% of Outbreaks and 53% of illnesses. The two most commonly identified deficiencies† leading to drinking water-associated Outbreaks were Legionella in building plumbing§ systems (66%) and untreated groundwater (13%). Continued vigilance by public health, regulatory, and industry professionals to identify and correct deficiencies associated with building plumbing systems and groundwater systems could prevent most reported Outbreaks and illnesses associated with drinking water systems.
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contributing factors to Disease Outbreaks associated with untreated groundwater
Ground Water, 2014Co-Authors: Erika Wallender, Virginia A Roberts, Elizabeth C Ailes, Jonathan S Yoder, Joan BrunkardAbstract:Disease Outbreaks associated with drinking water drawn from untreated groundwater sources represent a substantial proportion (30.3%) of the 818 drinking water Outbreaks reported to CDC's Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) during 1971 to 2008. The objectives of this study were to identify underlying contributing factors, suggest improvements for data collection during Outbreaks, and inform outbreak prevention efforts. Two researchers independently reviewed all qualifying outbreak reports (1971 to 2008), assigned contributing factors and abstracted additional information (e.g., cases, etiology, and water system attributes). The 248 Outbreaks resulted in at least 23,478 cases of illness, 390 hospitalizations, and 13 deaths. The majority of Outbreaks had an unidentified etiology (n = 135, 54.4%). When identified, the primary etiologies were hepatitis A virus (n = 21, 8.5%), Shigella spp. (n = 20, 8.1%), and Giardia intestinalis (n = 14, 5.7%). Among the 172 (69.4%) Outbreaks with contributing factor data available, the leading contamination sources included human sewage (n = 57, 33.1%), animal contamination (n = 16, 9.3%), and contamination entering via the distribution system (n = 12, 7.0%). Groundwater contamination was most often facilitated by improper design, maintenance or location of the water source or nearby waste water disposal system (i.e., septic tank; n = 116, 67.4%). Other contributing factors included rapid pathogen transport through hydrogeologic formations (e.g., karst limestone; n = 45, 26.2%) and preceding heavy rainfall or flooding (n = 36, 20.9%). This analysis underscores the importance of identifying untreated groundwater system vulnerabilities through frequent inspection and routine maintenance, as recommended by protective regulations such as Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Groundwater Rule, and the need for special consideration of the local hydrogeology.
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surveillance for waterborne Disease Outbreaks associated with recreational water united states 2001 2002
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2004Co-Authors: Jonathan S Yoder, Gunther F Craun, Rebecca L Calderon, Vincent Hill, Brian G Blackburn, Deborah A Levy, Nora Chen, Sherline H Lee, M J BeachAbstract:PROBLEM/CONDITION Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data related to occurrences and causes of waterborne-Disease Outbreaks (WBDOs). This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne Disease Outbreaks on persons in the United States. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED This summary includes data on WBDOs associated with drinking water that occurred during January 2001-December 2002 and on three previously unreported Outbreaks that occurred during 2000. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM Public health departments in the states, territories, localities, and the Freely Associated States are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form. The surveillance system includes data for Outbreaks associated with both drinking water and recreational water; only Outbreaks associated with drinking water are reported in this summary. RESULTS During 2001-2002, a total of 31 WBDOs associated with drinking water were reported by 19 states. These 31 Outbreaks caused illness among an estimated 1,020 persons and were linked to seven deaths. The microbe or chemical that caused the outbreak was identified for 24 (77.4%) of the 31 Outbreaks. Of the 24 identified Outbreaks, 19 (79.2%) were associated with pathogens, and five (20.8%) were associated with acute chemical poisonings. Five Outbreaks were caused by norovirus, five by parasites, and three by non-Legionella bacteria. All seven Outbreaks involving acute gastrointestinal illness of unknown etiology were suspected of having an infectious cause. For the first time, this MMWR Surveillance Summary includes drinking water-associated Outbreaks of Legionnaires Disease (LD); six Outbreaks of LD occurred during 2001-2002. Of the 25 non-Legionella associated Outbreaks, 23 (92.0%) were reported in systems that used groundwater sources; nine (39.1%) of these 23 groundwater Outbreaks were associated with private noncommunity wells that were not regulated by EPA. INTERPRETATION The number of drinking water-associated Outbreaks decreased from 39 during 1999-2000 to 31 during 2001-2002. Two (8.0%) Outbreaks associated with surface water occurred during 2001-2002; neither was associated with consumption of untreated water. The number of Outbreaks associated with groundwater sources decreased from 28 during 1999-2000 to 23 during 2001-2002; however, the proportion of such Outbreaks increased from 73.7% to 92.0%. The number of Outbreaks associated with untreated groundwater decreased from 17 (44.7%) during 1999-2000 to 10 (40.0%) during 2001-2002. Outbreaks associated with private, unregulated wells remained relatively stable, although more Outbreaks involving private, treated wells were reported during 2001-2002. Because the only groundwater systems that are required to disinfect their water supplies are public systems under the influence of surface water, these findings support EPA's development of a groundwater rule that specifies when corrective action (including disinfection) is required. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION CDC and EPA use surveillance data 1) to identify the types of water systems, their deficiencies, and the etiologic agents associated with Outbreaks and 2) to evaluate the adequacy of technologies for providing safe drinking water. Surveillance data are used also to establish research priorities, which can lead to improved water-quality regulations. CDC and EPA recently completed epidemiologic studies that assess the level of waterborne illness attributable to municipal drinking water in nonoutbreak conditions. The decrease in Outbreaks in surface water systems is attributable primarily to implementation of provisions of EPA rules enacted since the late 1980s. Rules under development by EPA are expected to protect the public further from microbial contaminants while addressing risk tradeoffs of disinfection byproducts in drinking water.
Kathleen E Fullerton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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surveillance for waterborne Disease Outbreaks associated with drinking water united states 2013 2014
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2017Co-Authors: Katharine M Benedict, Hannah E Reses, Marissa Vigar, David M Roth, Virginia A Roberts, Mia C Mattioli, Laura A Cooley, Elizabeth D Hilborn, Timothy J Wade, Kathleen E FullertonAbstract:Provision of safe water in the United States is vital to protecting public health (1). Public health agencies in the U.S. states and territories* report information on waterborne Disease Outbreaks to CDC through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) (https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/index.html). During 2013-2014, 42 drinking water-associated† Outbreaks were reported, accounting for at least 1,006 cases of illness, 124 hospitalizations, and 13 deaths. Legionella was associated with 57% of these Outbreaks and all of the deaths. Sixty-nine percent of the reported illnesses occurred in four Outbreaks in which the etiology was determined to be either a chemical or toxin or the parasite Cryptosporidium. Drinking water contamination events can cause disruptions in water service, large impacts on public health, and persistent community concern about drinking water quality. Effective water treatment and regulations can protect public drinking water supplies in the United States, and rapid detection, identification of the cause, and response to illness reports can reduce the transmission of infectious pathogens and harmful chemicals and toxins.
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surveillance for waterborne Disease Outbreaks associated with drinking water united states 2011 2012
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2015Co-Authors: Karlyn D Beer, Virginia A Roberts, Elizabeth D Hilborn, Timothy J Wade, Kathleen E Fullerton, Julia W Gargano, Vincent R Hill, Laurel E Garrison, Preeta K Kutty, Jonathan S YoderAbstract:Advances in water management and sanitation have substantially reduced waterborne Disease in the United States, although Outbreaks continue to occur. Public health agencies in the U.S. states and territories* report information on waterborne Disease Outbreaks to the CDC Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/index.html). For 2011-2012, 32 drinking water-associated Outbreaks were reported, accounting for at least 431 cases of illness, 102 hospitalizations, and 14 deaths. Legionella was responsible for 66% of Outbreaks and 26% of illnesses, and viruses and non-Legionella bacteria together accounted for 16% of Outbreaks and 53% of illnesses. The two most commonly identified deficiencies† leading to drinking water-associated Outbreaks were Legionella in building plumbing§ systems (66%) and untreated groundwater (13%). Continued vigilance by public health, regulatory, and industry professionals to identify and correct deficiencies associated with building plumbing systems and groundwater systems could prevent most reported Outbreaks and illnesses associated with drinking water systems.
Akshay Bisht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a surveillance of food borne Disease Outbreaks in india 2009 2018
Food Control, 2021Co-Authors: Akshay Bisht, Manoj P Kamble, Pritesh Choudhary, Kartikey Chaturvedi, Gautam Kohli, Vijay K Juneja, Shalini Sehgal, Neetu Kumra TanejaAbstract:Abstract Knowledge about distribution of food-borne Outbreaks and implicated food-vehicles helps in mitigating the risk of food-borne Diseases and is critical for designing strategies to control them. In this study data from Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) and Open Government Data Platform India (OGDPI) on food-borne Outbreaks for the period 2008–2018 was consolidated and analysed. The modelling methods of Gaussian distribution model (GAM) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) were used to probe influence of climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) on food-borne Outbreaks. Data analysis showed that states of West Bengal (31.22), Karnataka (29.11) and Gujarat (22.67) reported maximum average Outbreaks and contributed to 31.5% illnesses and 8.7% deaths. Amongst 19.6% of Outbreaks, grains and beans were found to be food-vehicle causing maximum Outbreaks (32.7%), while chemically contaminated food caused maximal deaths (70%). Weak correlations of climatic factors with Outbreaks resulted in poor performance of ARIMA models. GAM model was validated and predicted 356 Outbreaks for the year 2020, late-April to mid-July being most prevalent months. The analysis also revealed inclination of current surveillance program towards chemically contaminated food that resulted in maximal deaths (70%), while biological agents were observed to be under-reported. Despite the limitations, available data shows that food-borne Disease Outbreaks remain a public health concern in India. Therefore, it is imperative for India to strengthen its Disease surveillance program by undertaking capacity-building initiatives at state/local health-care levels and connecting causative agents of Outbreaks. This would help in efficient implementation of risk assessment and risk management strategies.
M J Beach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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surveillance for waterborne Disease Outbreaks associated with recreational water united states 2001 2002
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2004Co-Authors: Jonathan S Yoder, Gunther F Craun, Rebecca L Calderon, Vincent Hill, Brian G Blackburn, Deborah A Levy, Nora Chen, Sherline H Lee, M J BeachAbstract:PROBLEM/CONDITION Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data related to occurrences and causes of waterborne-Disease Outbreaks (WBDOs). This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne Disease Outbreaks on persons in the United States. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED This summary includes data on WBDOs associated with drinking water that occurred during January 2001-December 2002 and on three previously unreported Outbreaks that occurred during 2000. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM Public health departments in the states, territories, localities, and the Freely Associated States are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form. The surveillance system includes data for Outbreaks associated with both drinking water and recreational water; only Outbreaks associated with drinking water are reported in this summary. RESULTS During 2001-2002, a total of 31 WBDOs associated with drinking water were reported by 19 states. These 31 Outbreaks caused illness among an estimated 1,020 persons and were linked to seven deaths. The microbe or chemical that caused the outbreak was identified for 24 (77.4%) of the 31 Outbreaks. Of the 24 identified Outbreaks, 19 (79.2%) were associated with pathogens, and five (20.8%) were associated with acute chemical poisonings. Five Outbreaks were caused by norovirus, five by parasites, and three by non-Legionella bacteria. All seven Outbreaks involving acute gastrointestinal illness of unknown etiology were suspected of having an infectious cause. For the first time, this MMWR Surveillance Summary includes drinking water-associated Outbreaks of Legionnaires Disease (LD); six Outbreaks of LD occurred during 2001-2002. Of the 25 non-Legionella associated Outbreaks, 23 (92.0%) were reported in systems that used groundwater sources; nine (39.1%) of these 23 groundwater Outbreaks were associated with private noncommunity wells that were not regulated by EPA. INTERPRETATION The number of drinking water-associated Outbreaks decreased from 39 during 1999-2000 to 31 during 2001-2002. Two (8.0%) Outbreaks associated with surface water occurred during 2001-2002; neither was associated with consumption of untreated water. The number of Outbreaks associated with groundwater sources decreased from 28 during 1999-2000 to 23 during 2001-2002; however, the proportion of such Outbreaks increased from 73.7% to 92.0%. The number of Outbreaks associated with untreated groundwater decreased from 17 (44.7%) during 1999-2000 to 10 (40.0%) during 2001-2002. Outbreaks associated with private, unregulated wells remained relatively stable, although more Outbreaks involving private, treated wells were reported during 2001-2002. Because the only groundwater systems that are required to disinfect their water supplies are public systems under the influence of surface water, these findings support EPA's development of a groundwater rule that specifies when corrective action (including disinfection) is required. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION CDC and EPA use surveillance data 1) to identify the types of water systems, their deficiencies, and the etiologic agents associated with Outbreaks and 2) to evaluate the adequacy of technologies for providing safe drinking water. Surveillance data are used also to establish research priorities, which can lead to improved water-quality regulations. CDC and EPA recently completed epidemiologic studies that assess the level of waterborne illness attributable to municipal drinking water in nonoutbreak conditions. The decrease in Outbreaks in surface water systems is attributable primarily to implementation of provisions of EPA rules enacted since the late 1980s. Rules under development by EPA are expected to protect the public further from microbial contaminants while addressing risk tradeoffs of disinfection byproducts in drinking water.