The Experts below are selected from a list of 430926 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Warren K Bickel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans Disease Process update on the state of the science
Current opinion in psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Warren K Bickel, Alexandra M Mellis, Liqa N Athamneh, Julia C Basso, William B Dehart, William H Craft, Derek A PopeAbstract:: Delay discounting, or the Process by which reinforcers lose value with delay to their receipt, has been identified as a trans-Disease Process underlying addiction, other disorders, and maladaptive health behaviors. Delay discounting has been identified as an endophenotype for multiple psychiatric disorders including substance use disorder, ADHD, and major depressive disorder, with this endophenotype being linked to deficits in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. In addition, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological deficits in areas of the executive and impulsive systems have been associated with both steeper discounting and substance use disorders. Delay discounting constitutes a novel target for interventions to change health behaviors. A new theory, termed reinforcer pathology, has been developed uniting these findings and setting the stage for future research.
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excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans Disease Process contributing to addiction and other Disease related vulnerabilities emerging evidence
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2012Co-Authors: Warren K Bickel, Terry E Mueller, Mikhail N Koffarnus, David P Jarmolowicz, Kirstin M. GatchalianAbstract:Delay discounting describes the devaluation of a reinforcer as a function of the delay until its receipt. Although all people discount delayed reinforcers, one consistent finding is that substance-dependent individuals tend to discount delayed reinforcers more rapidly than do healthy controls. Moreover, these higher-than-normal discounting rates have been observed in individuals with other behavioral maladies such as pathological gambling, poor health behavior, and overeating. This suggests that high rates of delay discounting may be a trans-Disease Process (i.e., a Process that occurs across a range of disorders, making findings from one disorder relevant to other disorders). In this paper, we argue that delay discounting is a trans-Disease Process, undergirded by an imbalance between two competing neurobehavioral decision systems. Implications for our understanding of, and treatment for, this trans-Disease Process are discussed.
Douglas S Dewitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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traumatic brain injury a Disease Process not an event
Journal of Neurotrauma, 2010Co-Authors: Brent E Masel, Douglas S DewittAbstract:Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is seen by the insurance industry and many health care providers as an “event.” Once treated and provided with a brief period of rehabilitation, the perception exists that patients with a TBI require little further treatment and face no lasting effects on the central nervous system or other organ systems. In fact, TBI is a chronic Disease Process, one that fits the World Health Organization definition as having one or more of the following characteristics: it is permanent, caused by non-reversible pathological alterations, requires special training of the patient for rehabilitation, and/or may require a long period of observation, supervision, or care. TBI increases long-term mortality and reduces life expectancy. It is associated with increased incidences of seizures, sleep disorders, neurodegenerative Diseases, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and psychiatric Diseases, as well as non-neurological disorders such as sexual dysfunction, bladder and bowel incontinence, and...
Kirstin M. Gatchalian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans Disease Process contributing to addiction and other Disease related vulnerabilities emerging evidence
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2012Co-Authors: Warren K Bickel, Terry E Mueller, Mikhail N Koffarnus, David P Jarmolowicz, Kirstin M. GatchalianAbstract:Delay discounting describes the devaluation of a reinforcer as a function of the delay until its receipt. Although all people discount delayed reinforcers, one consistent finding is that substance-dependent individuals tend to discount delayed reinforcers more rapidly than do healthy controls. Moreover, these higher-than-normal discounting rates have been observed in individuals with other behavioral maladies such as pathological gambling, poor health behavior, and overeating. This suggests that high rates of delay discounting may be a trans-Disease Process (i.e., a Process that occurs across a range of disorders, making findings from one disorder relevant to other disorders). In this paper, we argue that delay discounting is a trans-Disease Process, undergirded by an imbalance between two competing neurobehavioral decision systems. Implications for our understanding of, and treatment for, this trans-Disease Process are discussed.
Derek A Pope - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans Disease Process update on the state of the science
Current opinion in psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Warren K Bickel, Alexandra M Mellis, Liqa N Athamneh, Julia C Basso, William B Dehart, William H Craft, Derek A PopeAbstract:: Delay discounting, or the Process by which reinforcers lose value with delay to their receipt, has been identified as a trans-Disease Process underlying addiction, other disorders, and maladaptive health behaviors. Delay discounting has been identified as an endophenotype for multiple psychiatric disorders including substance use disorder, ADHD, and major depressive disorder, with this endophenotype being linked to deficits in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. In addition, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological deficits in areas of the executive and impulsive systems have been associated with both steeper discounting and substance use disorders. Delay discounting constitutes a novel target for interventions to change health behaviors. A new theory, termed reinforcer pathology, has been developed uniting these findings and setting the stage for future research.
Brent E Masel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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traumatic brain injury a Disease Process not an event
Journal of Neurotrauma, 2010Co-Authors: Brent E Masel, Douglas S DewittAbstract:Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is seen by the insurance industry and many health care providers as an “event.” Once treated and provided with a brief period of rehabilitation, the perception exists that patients with a TBI require little further treatment and face no lasting effects on the central nervous system or other organ systems. In fact, TBI is a chronic Disease Process, one that fits the World Health Organization definition as having one or more of the following characteristics: it is permanent, caused by non-reversible pathological alterations, requires special training of the patient for rehabilitation, and/or may require a long period of observation, supervision, or care. TBI increases long-term mortality and reduces life expectancy. It is associated with increased incidences of seizures, sleep disorders, neurodegenerative Diseases, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and psychiatric Diseases, as well as non-neurological disorders such as sexual dysfunction, bladder and bowel incontinence, and...
