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Philipe Conus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rate and predictors of service Disengagement in an epidemiological first episode psychosis cohort
Schizophrenia Research, 2010Co-Authors: Philipe Conus, Martin Lambert, Sue M Cotton, Charles Bonsack, Patrick D Mcgorry, Benno G SchimmelmannAbstract:Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence and predictors of service Disengagement in a treated epidemiological cohort of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. Methods The Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) in Australia admitted 786 FEP patients from January 1998 to December 2000. Treatment at EPPIC is scheduled for 18 months. Data were collected from patients' files using a standardized questionnaire. Seven hundred four files were available; 44 were excluded, because of a non-psychotic diagnosis at endpoint ( n = 43) or missing data on service Disengagement ( n = 1). Rate of service Disengagement was the outcome of interest, as well as pre-treatment, baseline, and treatment predictors of service Disengagement, which were examined via Cox proportional hazards models. Results 154 patients (23.3%) disengaged from service. A past forensic history (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.69; 95%CI 1.17–2.45), lower severity of illness at baseline (HR = 0.59; 95%CI 0.48–0.72), living without family at discharge (HR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.22–2.50) and persistence of substance use disorder during treatment (HR = 2.30; 95%CI 1.45–3.66) were significant predictors of Disengagement from service. Conclusions While engagement strategies are a core element in the treatment of first-episode psychosis, particular attention should be paid to these factors associated with Disengagement. Involvement of the family in the treatment process, and focusing on reduction of substance use, need to be pursued in early intervention services.
Charles S Carver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adaptive self regulation of unattainable goals goal Disengagement goal reengagement and subjective well being
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2003Co-Authors: Carsten Wrosch, Michael F Scheier, Richard Schulz, Gregory E Miller, Charles S CarverAbstract:Three studies examined associations between goal Disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being. In Study 1, 115 undergraduates reported on the extent to which they were able to abandon unattainable goals and reengage their efforts in alternative goals. Study 2 examined the importance of goal Disengagement and goal reengagement in groups of young adults and older adults (N = 120). In Study 3, a sample of parents of children with cancer and parents of medically healthy children was examined (N = 45). The findings confirmed that goal Disengagement and goal reengagement can be associated with ratings of high subjective well-being. In addition, the results showed that goal Disengagement and goal reengagement can have interactive effects on subjective well-being. The importance of the findings for effective self-regulation and successful development are discussed.
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the importance of goal Disengagement in adaptive self regulation when giving up is beneficial
Self and Identity, 2003Co-Authors: Carsten Wrosch, Michael F Scheier, Charles S Carver, Richard SchulzAbstract:This paper develops the argument that goal Disengagement forms an essential aspect of effective self-regulation. The argument derives from a consideration of processes inherent in the life-span development of the individual, as well as processes inherent in the moment-to-moment regulation of action. Evidence is reviewed to support the idea that goal Disengagement can be beneficial to psychological well-being. In addition, the article addresses the nature of Disengagement. It is argued that Disengagement requires a person to withdraw not only effort but also commitment from unattainable goals, and is most adaptive if it leads to pursuing new meaningful goals. The paper also discusses the manner in which various aspects of the self might support or hinder the Disengagement process. The paper closes by addressing the break point between goal engagement and Disengagement and suggesting several directions for future research.
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On the Self-Regulation of Behavior: Disengagement: Issues and Comparisons
On the Self-Regulation of Behavior, 1998Co-Authors: Charles S Carver, Michael F ScheierAbstract:If I can't win, I won't run. ( Chariots of Fire ) Chapter 10 described a division between two classes of responses to difficulty in moving toward goals. A sense of confidence leads to renewed effort, and a sense of doubt leads to giving up. These classes of response are both integral parts of the system of self-regulation that keeps people adapted to the world. Once again, the conceptualization raises questions and issues. Some of them concern Disengagement as an event: what it is, alternative ways to view it, whether in fact Disengagement per se actually occurs. Other issues arise in considering how this theory relates to other models of the phenomena under discussion. Another point concerns the fact that issues of engagement and Disengagement arise in many literatures, some quite unexpectedly. SCALING BACK GOALS AS LIMITED Disengagement By now we've described several variations on the theme of Disengagement: diminishing effort, leaving the behavioral context, mental Disengagement (daydreaming and off-task thinking), and the bind between having the impetus to disengage and being unable to express it. In this section we consider another potential reflection of Disengagement. Sometimes progress toward a goal is going poorly, expectancies of success are dim, and you want to quit. Rather than quit altogether, you trade this goal for a less demanding one – a kind of limited Disengagement. You've given up on the first goal at the same time as you're adopting a lesser one (cf. Miller et al., 1960, p. 171).
Richard Schulz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adaptive self regulation of unattainable goals goal Disengagement goal reengagement and subjective well being
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2003Co-Authors: Carsten Wrosch, Michael F Scheier, Richard Schulz, Gregory E Miller, Charles S CarverAbstract:Three studies examined associations between goal Disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being. In Study 1, 115 undergraduates reported on the extent to which they were able to abandon unattainable goals and reengage their efforts in alternative goals. Study 2 examined the importance of goal Disengagement and goal reengagement in groups of young adults and older adults (N = 120). In Study 3, a sample of parents of children with cancer and parents of medically healthy children was examined (N = 45). The findings confirmed that goal Disengagement and goal reengagement can be associated with ratings of high subjective well-being. In addition, the results showed that goal Disengagement and goal reengagement can have interactive effects on subjective well-being. The importance of the findings for effective self-regulation and successful development are discussed.
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the importance of goal Disengagement in adaptive self regulation when giving up is beneficial
Self and Identity, 2003Co-Authors: Carsten Wrosch, Michael F Scheier, Charles S Carver, Richard SchulzAbstract:This paper develops the argument that goal Disengagement forms an essential aspect of effective self-regulation. The argument derives from a consideration of processes inherent in the life-span development of the individual, as well as processes inherent in the moment-to-moment regulation of action. Evidence is reviewed to support the idea that goal Disengagement can be beneficial to psychological well-being. In addition, the article addresses the nature of Disengagement. It is argued that Disengagement requires a person to withdraw not only effort but also commitment from unattainable goals, and is most adaptive if it leads to pursuing new meaningful goals. The paper also discusses the manner in which various aspects of the self might support or hinder the Disengagement process. The paper closes by addressing the break point between goal engagement and Disengagement and suggesting several directions for future research.
Kay Bussey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The selectivity of moral Disengagement in defenders of cyberbullying: Contextual moral Disengagement
Computers in Human Behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Kay BusseyAbstract:Abstract The lack of defending in bystanders to cyberbullying has been linked with the process of moral Disengagement, which allows bystanders to justify the morality of their inactivity after witnessing a cyberbullying episode. Context is central in this process as individuals assess the specific contextual cues present within each episode, and it is this assessment that informs their subsequent behavior. Despite the importance of context in moral Disengagement, researchers have yet to take this factor into account. To address this gap in literature, the present study examines the role of contextual factors on moral Disengagement in specific cyberbullying episodes, and how this process influences cyber defending. This study also consolidates inconsistent results from studies examining moral Disengagement and defending by examining defending as a multifaceted construct involving aggressive and constructive defending. To examine these issues, 540 Grade 7 and 9 students completed a survey assessing moral Disengagement and defending self-efficacy in two cyberbullying scenarios. Results revealed that in both scenarios, contextualized moral Disengagement is shown to be associated with aggressive and constructive defending self-efficacy above and beyond general moral Disengagement. Higher levels of contextual moral Disengagement are also related to greater aggressive defending self-efficacy whereas lower contextual moral Disengagement is linked with greater pro-social defending self-efficacy. These results call for an increased focus on contextual factors when examining morality in cyberbullying and highlight the need to differentiate between pro-social and aggressive forms of defending.
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Moral Disengagement and the Propensity to Endorse Physical Punishment Practices
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Frances Houwing, Kay BusseyAbstract:In this study, a new measure of moral Disengagement tailored to physical punishment was developed. Moral Disengagement is the selective Disengagement of moral standards so that in certain situations unacceptable behavior can be performed without anticipatory self-censure for engaging in such conduct. In order to comprehensively examine the social cognitive process of moral Disengagement, this study also investigates whether individuals who endorse higher levels of moral Disengagement intend to use more physical punishment, and anticipate feeling less self-censure for using physical punishment. Participants were 323 primarily White Australian college students (46% male). Factor analyses supported a one-factor solution for the physical punishment moral Disengagement scale, and the scale was shown to possess good psychometric properties. In accordance with predictions from social cognitive theory, greater moral Disengagement proneness was associated with increased intentions to use physical punishment. Further, greater moral Disengagement proneness was associated with less anticipated self-censure for using physical punishment. The results from this study provide preliminary evidence demonstrating that selective Disengagement from moral standards is associated with greater intentions to use physical punishment.
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the role of individual and collective moral Disengagement in peer aggression and bystanding a multilevel analysis
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Gianluca Gini, Tiziana Pozzoli, Kay BusseyAbstract:This study investigates the relationships between individual and collective moral Disengagement and aggression-related behaviors (peer aggression, defending, and passive bystanding) among 918 adolescents (55.8 % boys; Mage = 14.1 years, SD = 1.1). Hierarchical linear modeling showed that, at the individual level, aggressive behavior was significantly explained by both individual moral Disengagement and student perceived collective moral Disengagement, which was also positively associated with defending. Student perceived collective moral Disengagement moderated the link between individual moral Disengagement and peer aggression. At the class level, classroom collective moral Disengagement explained between-class variability in all the three aggression-related behaviors. These results extend previous research by demonstrating the role of collective moral Disengagement at the individual and the class levels and have potential implications for interventions.
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the role of moral Disengagement and self efficacy in cyberbullying
Journal of School Violence, 2015Co-Authors: Kay Bussey, Sally Fitzpatrick, Amrutha RamanAbstract:This study examines the association between moral Disengagement and cyberbullying using a measure of moral Disengagement tailored to cyberbullying. It also examines adolescents’ self-beliefs in their competence to engage in cyberbullying (cyberbullying self-efficacy beliefs) and how these beliefs may moderate the relation between moral Disengagement and cyberbullying. Participants were 942 mainly White (83.5%) boys and girls from Grades 7 to 9 (Mage = 13.2 years, range = 11–15 years). Results revealed that when students believed firmly in their cyberbullying capabilities, high levels of self-reported cyberbullying were associated with greater moral Disengagement proneness even when controlling for knowledge of cyberbullying moral standards. These results suggest that reducing cyberbullying will involve more than policies that sanction such behavior. Factors that reduce the use of moral Disengagement processes, particularly among those students who believe in their cyberbullying capabilities, need to be pr...
Benno G Schimmelmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rate and predictors of service Disengagement in an epidemiological first episode psychosis cohort
Schizophrenia Research, 2010Co-Authors: Philipe Conus, Martin Lambert, Sue M Cotton, Charles Bonsack, Patrick D Mcgorry, Benno G SchimmelmannAbstract:Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence and predictors of service Disengagement in a treated epidemiological cohort of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. Methods The Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) in Australia admitted 786 FEP patients from January 1998 to December 2000. Treatment at EPPIC is scheduled for 18 months. Data were collected from patients' files using a standardized questionnaire. Seven hundred four files were available; 44 were excluded, because of a non-psychotic diagnosis at endpoint ( n = 43) or missing data on service Disengagement ( n = 1). Rate of service Disengagement was the outcome of interest, as well as pre-treatment, baseline, and treatment predictors of service Disengagement, which were examined via Cox proportional hazards models. Results 154 patients (23.3%) disengaged from service. A past forensic history (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.69; 95%CI 1.17–2.45), lower severity of illness at baseline (HR = 0.59; 95%CI 0.48–0.72), living without family at discharge (HR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.22–2.50) and persistence of substance use disorder during treatment (HR = 2.30; 95%CI 1.45–3.66) were significant predictors of Disengagement from service. Conclusions While engagement strategies are a core element in the treatment of first-episode psychosis, particular attention should be paid to these factors associated with Disengagement. Involvement of the family in the treatment process, and focusing on reduction of substance use, need to be pursued in early intervention services.
