The Experts below are selected from a list of 4644 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Julian P. Hume - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
bone histology sheds new light on the ecology of the Dodo raphus cucullatus aves columbiformes
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Delphine Angst, Lorna Steel, Anusuya Chinsamy, Julian P. HumeAbstract:The Dodo, Raphus cucullatus, a flightless pigeon endemic to Mauritius, became extinct during the 17th century due to anthropogenic activities. Although it was contemporaneous with humans for almost a century, little was recorded about its ecology. Here we present new aspects of the life history of the Dodo based on our analysis of its bone histology. We propose that the Dodo bred around August and that the rapid growth of the chicks enabled them to reach a robust size before the austral summer or cyclone season. Histological evidence of molting suggests that after summer had passed, molt began in the adults that had just bred; the timing of molt derived from bone histology is also corroborated by historical descriptions of the Dodo by mariners. This research represents the only bone histology analysis of the Dodo and provides an unprecedented insight into the life history of this iconic bird.
-
The Oxford Dodo. Part 2: from curiosity to icon and its role in displays, education and research
Historical Biology, 2016Co-Authors: M. Nowak-kemp, Julian P. HumeAbstract:AbstractThe Tradescant or Oxford Dodo has played an important role in exhibition and education throughout its 360-year history, and has been the subject of scientific research reflecting changing interests and techniques over this time. Due to confusion over its relationships, its placement in the classification systems continually changed, until the dissection in 1847 of the head and foot confirmed its columbid (pigeons and doves) affinities. Here, we describe the dissection of the head and foot and the Tradescant Dodo’s display history, from the late nineteenth century until the present day, and also its use in education. We discuss the importance of the Tradescant Dodo to Lewis Carroll, whose ‘Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland’ made the Dodo aware to a worldwide audience. We further provide an overview of recent work including electron microscopic study of feathers, mDNA analysis, cytological investigation of the skin and measuring of the brain capacity, all of which have added to our knowledge of the e...
-
The Oxford Dodo. Part 1: the museum history of the Tradescant Dodo: ownership, displays and audience
Historical Biology, 2016Co-Authors: M. Nowak-kemp, Julian P. HumeAbstract:AbstractThe Dodo Raphus cucullatus, a giant flightless pigeon endemic to Mauritius, became extinct in the late seventeenth century, and so rapid was the birds’ disappearance, that by the beginning of the nineteenth century even its very existence was questioned. Only four specimens were then recorded in European museums, of which the most famous was the Tradescant or Oxford Dodo, now in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History. It comprised the head and one foot, and unique soft tissue in the form of skin and traces of feathers. The history of this specimen is reviewed, including the still unresolved question of how it came to Britain, and we provide evidence to show that it was stuffed but probably never mounted. The changes of ownership, and its cataloguing and curation in the different museums are also described, along with its varying roles in entertainment, education and research from the earliest years until the nineteenth century. This is part one of a two-part article; the second deals with...
-
A review of the Dodo and its Ecosystem : Interdisciplinary Research of a Vertebrate Concentration-Lagerstätten in Mauritius
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2015Co-Authors: Kenneth F Rijsdijk, Anwar Janoo, Julian P. Hume, Perry G B De Louw, Hanneke J M Meijer, Erik J De Boer, Lorna Steel, J. De Vos, L.g. Van Der Sluis, H HooghiemstraAbstract:The Dodo Raphus cucullatus Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Tegna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tenth Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp., an extinct and flightless, giant pigeon endemic to Mauritius, has fascinated people since its discovery, yet has remained surprisingly poorly known. Until the mid-19th century, almost all that was known about the Dodo was based on illustrations and written accounts by 17th century mariners, often of questionable accuracy. Furthermore, only a few fragmentary remains of Dodos collected prior to the bird's extinction exist. Our understanding of the Dodo's anatomy was substantially enhanced by the discovery in 1865 of subfossil bones in a marsh called the Mare aux Songes, situated in southeastern Mauritius. However, no contextual information was recorded during early excavation efforts, and the majority of excavated material comprised larger Dodo bones, almost all of which were unassociated. Here we present a modern interdisciplinary analysis of the Mare aux Songes, a 4200-year-old multitaxic vertebrate concentration Lagerstatte. Our analysis of the deposits at this site provides the first detailed overview of the ecosystem inhabited by the Dodo. The interplay of climatic and geological conditions led to the exceptional preservation of the animal and associated plant remains at the Mare aux Songes and provides a window into the past ecosystem of Mauritius. This interdisciplinary research approach provides an ecological framework for the Dodo, complementing insights on its anatomy derived from the only associated Dodo skeletons known, both of which were collected by Etienne Thirioux and are the primary subject of this memoir.
-
The Morphology of the Thirioux Dodos
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2015Co-Authors: Leon P. A. M. Claessens, Hanneke J M Meijer, Julian P. HumeAbstract:ABSTRACTDespite its status as an icon of extinction and relatively recent disappearance, our knowledge of the anatomy of the Dodo has been hampered by a scarcity of preserved remains. The handful of Dodo relics that survive from collections made prior to the bird's extinction consist solely of cranial and pedal materials, whereas other Dodo skeletons preserved in museum collections are incomplete composites, constructed from subfossil skeletal remains discovered since 1865 at the Mare aux Songes locality. Here we describe the skeletal anatomy of two exceptional Dodo specimens, collected around 1904 by amateur naturalist Louis Etienne Thirioux in the caves and crevasses surrounding Le Pouce, which have escaped detailed scientific analysis until now. The Port Louis specimen appears to consist of the skeletal remains of a single bird and is essentially complete, whereas the Durban specimen has been constructed from a limited number of birds but contains many bones that appear to be associated. The Port Louis...
Paola Formenti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
regional variability of the composition of mineral dust from western africa results from the amma sop0 dabex and Dodo field campaigns
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008Co-Authors: Paola Formenti, Jean-louis Rajot, Karine Desboeufs, Sandrine Caquineau, Servanne Chevaillier, S. Nava, Annie Gaudichet, Emilie Journet, Sylvain Triquet, S C AlfaroAbstract:[1] This paper presents data on elemental and mineralogical composition of mineral dust from various source regions of Africa collected during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) SOP0/DABEX and Dust Ouflow and Deposition to the Ocean (Dodo) Dodo1 experiments (January–February 2006), and the Dodo2 campaign (August 2006). Bulk filter samples were collected at the AMMA supersite of Banizoumbou, Niger, as well as on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft. Both mineral dust and biomass burning in external mixing occurred in surface and elevated layers during the winter field phase of the campaign. However, mineral dust was overwhelming, accounting for 72% of the estimated aerosol mass in aged elevated biomass burning layers and up to 93% in plumes of mineral dust, which generally occurred in the boundary layer. A number of well-defined episodes of advection of mineral dust could be identified both at the ground and on the aircraft. The elemental and mineralogical composition varied depending on source region. This variability could be well traced by the calcium content, which is enhanced in dust from North Africa but depleted in dust from the Sahel. Iron oxides in the form of hematite and goethite are enriched in dust emitted within Sahel and in Mauritania, whereas dust from the Bodele depression is iron-oxide depleted. Iron oxides represented between 2.4% and 4.5% of the total estimated dust oxide mass. This regional variability will have to be taken into account in estimating the optical properties of absorption of mineral dust from western Africa.
-
Regional variability of the composition of mineral dust from western Africa : results from the AMMA SOP0/DABEX and Dodo field campaigns - art. no. D00C13
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2008Co-Authors: Paola Formenti, Jean-louis Rajot, Karine Desboeufs, Sandrine Caquineau, Servanne Chevaillier, S. Nava, Annie Gaudichet, Emilie Journet, Sylvain Triquet, Stéphane AlfaroAbstract:This paper presents data on elemental and mineralogical composition of mineral dust from various source regions of Africa collected during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) SOP0/DABEX and Dust Ouflow and Deposition to the Ocean (Dodo) Dodo1 experiments (January-February 2006), and the Dodo2 campaign (August 2006). Bulk filter samples were collected at the AMMA supersite of Banizoumbou, Niger, as well as on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft. Both mineral dust and biomass burning in external mixing occurred in surface and elevated layers during the winter field phase of the campaign. However, mineral dust was overwhelming, accounting for 72% of the estimated aerosol mass in aged elevated biomass burning layers and up to 93% in plumes of mineral dust, which generally occurred in the boundary layer. A number of well-defined episodes of advection of mineral dust could be identified both at the ground and on the aircraft. The elemental and mineralogical composition varied depending on source region. This variability could be well traced by the calcium content, which is enhanced in dust from North Africa but depleted in dust from the Sahel. Iron oxides in the form of hematite and goethite are enriched in dust emitted within Sahel and in Mauritania, whereas dust from the Bodele depression is iron-oxide depleted. Iron oxides represented between 2.4% and 4.5% of the total estimated dust oxide mass. This regional variability will have to be taken into account in estimating the optical properties of absorption of mineral dust from western Africa.
Henry Been-lirn Duh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Dodo game a color vision deficiency screening test for young children
Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2014Co-Authors: Linh Chi Nguyen, Audrey Chia, Yuan Wang, Henry Been-lirn DuhAbstract:This paper presents 'Dodo's Catching Adventure,' a new color vision deficient screening test for young children. Early detection of color blindness among children is useful for parents and teachers to better understand children's needs, to overcome difficulties in learning, and for life and career planning. Unfortunately, current color screening tests are not designed for young children; most require more advanced verbal or cognitive skills. Dodo game has taken a new approach by embedding game elements into a color vision screening test. A user study conducted at Singapore National Eye Centre on twenty-eight children, identified fourteen as Red-Green deficient subjects as did by Ishihara screening test, showed that Dodo was adequately effective in identifying Red-Green color vision deficiency and comparable to two current gold standard colorblind tests, Ishihara and D15.
-
CHI - Dodo game, a color vision deficiency screening test for young children
Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '14, 2014Co-Authors: Linh Chi Nguyen, Ellen Yi-luen, Audrey Chia, Yuan Wang, Henry Been-lirn DuhAbstract:This paper presents 'Dodo's Catching Adventure,' a new color vision deficient screening test for young children. Early detection of color blindness among children is useful for parents and teachers to better understand children's needs, to overcome difficulties in learning, and for life and career planning. Unfortunately, current color screening tests are not designed for young children; most require more advanced verbal or cognitive skills. Dodo game has taken a new approach by embedding game elements into a color vision screening test. A user study conducted at Singapore National Eye Centre on twenty-eight children, identified fourteen as Red-Green deficient subjects as did by Ishihara screening test, showed that Dodo was adequately effective in identifying Red-Green color vision deficiency and comparable to two current gold standard colorblind tests, Ishihara and D15.
Kenneth F Rijsdijk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A review of the Dodo and its Ecosystem : Interdisciplinary Research of a Vertebrate Concentration-Lagerstätten in Mauritius
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2015Co-Authors: Kenneth F Rijsdijk, Anwar Janoo, Julian P. Hume, Perry G B De Louw, Hanneke J M Meijer, Erik J De Boer, Lorna Steel, J. De Vos, L.g. Van Der Sluis, H HooghiemstraAbstract:The Dodo Raphus cucullatus Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Tegna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tenth Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp., an extinct and flightless, giant pigeon endemic to Mauritius, has fascinated people since its discovery, yet has remained surprisingly poorly known. Until the mid-19th century, almost all that was known about the Dodo was based on illustrations and written accounts by 17th century mariners, often of questionable accuracy. Furthermore, only a few fragmentary remains of Dodos collected prior to the bird's extinction exist. Our understanding of the Dodo's anatomy was substantially enhanced by the discovery in 1865 of subfossil bones in a marsh called the Mare aux Songes, situated in southeastern Mauritius. However, no contextual information was recorded during early excavation efforts, and the majority of excavated material comprised larger Dodo bones, almost all of which were unassociated. Here we present a modern interdisciplinary analysis of the Mare aux Songes, a 4200-year-old multitaxic vertebrate concentration Lagerstatte. Our analysis of the deposits at this site provides the first detailed overview of the ecosystem inhabited by the Dodo. The interplay of climatic and geological conditions led to the exceptional preservation of the animal and associated plant remains at the Mare aux Songes and provides a window into the past ecosystem of Mauritius. This interdisciplinary research approach provides an ecological framework for the Dodo, complementing insights on its anatomy derived from the only associated Dodo skeletons known, both of which were collected by Etienne Thirioux and are the primary subject of this memoir.
-
a review of the Dodo and its ecosystem insights from a vertebrate concentration lagerstatte in mauritius
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2015Co-Authors: Kenneth F Rijsdijk, Anwar Janoo, Julian P. Hume, Perry G B De Louw, Hanneke J M Meijer, Erik J De Boer, Lorna Steel, Laura Van Der Sluis, H Hooghiemstra, F Vincent B FlorensAbstract:ABSTRACTThe Dodo Raphus cucullatus Linnaeus, 1758, an extinct and flightless, giant pigeon endemic to Mauritius, has fascinated people since its discovery, yet has remained surprisingly poorly known. Until the mid-19th century, almost all that was known about the Dodo was based on illustrations and written accounts by 17th century mariners, often of questionable accuracy. Furthermore, only a few fragmentary remains of Dodos collected prior to the bird's extinction exist. Our understanding of the Dodo's anatomy was substantially enhanced by the discovery in 1865 of subfossil bones in a marsh called the Mare aux Songes, situated in southeastern Mauritius. However, no contextual information was recorded during early excavation efforts, and the majority of excavated material comprised larger Dodo bones, almost all of which were unassociated. Here we present a modern interdisciplinary analysis of the Mare aux Songes, a 4200-year-old multitaxic vertebrate concentration Lagerstatte. Our analysis of the deposits ...
-
Dodo remains from an in situ context from Mare aux Songes, Mauritius
Naturwissenschaften, 2012Co-Authors: Hanneke J M Meijer, Julian P. Hume, Perry G B De Louw, Arike Gill, Lars W. Hoek Ostende, Kenneth F RijsdijkAbstract:Since 2005, excavations at Mare aux Songes, Mauritius, have revealed the presence of a very rich, ∼4,200-year-old fossil bone bed including Dodo ( Raphus cucullatus ) bones and bone fragments. The recently excavated Dodo assemblage comprises at least 17 individuals and is characterised by the presence of small and fragile skeletal elements, a dominance of leg elements and an absence of juveniles. The hydrology of the area suggests that Dodos, like many other species, were probably lured to Mare aux Songes by the presence of freshwater during times of drought. The most likely scenario for the origin of the fossil deposit is that animals became trapped in the sediment in repeated miring events, which would favour the conservation of hindlimbs. Such a scenario is fully in accordance with the taphonomic characteristics of the bone assemblage.
S C Alfaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
regional variability of the composition of mineral dust from western africa results from the amma sop0 dabex and Dodo field campaigns
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008Co-Authors: Paola Formenti, Jean-louis Rajot, Karine Desboeufs, Sandrine Caquineau, Servanne Chevaillier, S. Nava, Annie Gaudichet, Emilie Journet, Sylvain Triquet, S C AlfaroAbstract:[1] This paper presents data on elemental and mineralogical composition of mineral dust from various source regions of Africa collected during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) SOP0/DABEX and Dust Ouflow and Deposition to the Ocean (Dodo) Dodo1 experiments (January–February 2006), and the Dodo2 campaign (August 2006). Bulk filter samples were collected at the AMMA supersite of Banizoumbou, Niger, as well as on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft. Both mineral dust and biomass burning in external mixing occurred in surface and elevated layers during the winter field phase of the campaign. However, mineral dust was overwhelming, accounting for 72% of the estimated aerosol mass in aged elevated biomass burning layers and up to 93% in plumes of mineral dust, which generally occurred in the boundary layer. A number of well-defined episodes of advection of mineral dust could be identified both at the ground and on the aircraft. The elemental and mineralogical composition varied depending on source region. This variability could be well traced by the calcium content, which is enhanced in dust from North Africa but depleted in dust from the Sahel. Iron oxides in the form of hematite and goethite are enriched in dust emitted within Sahel and in Mauritania, whereas dust from the Bodele depression is iron-oxide depleted. Iron oxides represented between 2.4% and 4.5% of the total estimated dust oxide mass. This regional variability will have to be taken into account in estimating the optical properties of absorption of mineral dust from western Africa.