The Experts below are selected from a list of 6 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

David B. Croft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Lifetime reproductive success in a population of female red kangaroos Macropus rufus in the sheep rangelands of western New South Wales: Environmental effects and population dynamics
    Australian Mammalogy, 2004
    Co-Authors: Amanda D. Bilton, David B. Croft
    Abstract:

    Female reproductive success and the recruitment of offspring to the next generation are key components of animal population dynamics. With an annual commercial harvest of between 13 and 22% of the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) population, it is increasingly important that these processes are understood. We used data on the reproductive success of 33 free-ranging female M. rufus on Fowlers Gap station in far western New South Wales to determine the expected lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of Females within an unharvested population. We also designed a model to generate predictions about female LRS incorporating empirical relationships between a mother’s reproductive success and maternal age, environmental conditions and the sex and survivorship of a previous reproductive attempt. Results from observations on female LRS (calculated from annual weaning rates) and those generated by the model predict that female M. rufus on ‘Fowlers Gap’ wean, on average, 3.7 young in a lifetime (ranges 0 - 11 and 0 - 20, respectively); representing only 41% of their maximum reproductive potential. Manipulation of initial starting conditions allowed the effect of varying environmental conditions on female LRS to be explored. The condition of the environment when Females commence breeding Does not appear to significantly affect their overall lifetime reproductive output. However, the occurrence of drought Does. Females experiencing two droughts in a lifetime did not live as long and weaned fewer offspring and grandoffspring (from their daughters) than those Females experiencing only one drought in a lifetime. In addition to the adverse effect of drought on the reproductive success of female M. rufus in this study, we suggest that, given the relatively high and stable population densities of M. rufus on ‘Fowlers Gap’, other mechanisms (acting primarily on juvenile survival) must exist which limit population growth.

Amanda D. Bilton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Lifetime reproductive success in a population of female red kangaroos Macropus rufus in the sheep rangelands of western New South Wales: Environmental effects and population dynamics
    Australian Mammalogy, 2004
    Co-Authors: Amanda D. Bilton, David B. Croft
    Abstract:

    Female reproductive success and the recruitment of offspring to the next generation are key components of animal population dynamics. With an annual commercial harvest of between 13 and 22% of the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) population, it is increasingly important that these processes are understood. We used data on the reproductive success of 33 free-ranging female M. rufus on Fowlers Gap station in far western New South Wales to determine the expected lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of Females within an unharvested population. We also designed a model to generate predictions about female LRS incorporating empirical relationships between a mother’s reproductive success and maternal age, environmental conditions and the sex and survivorship of a previous reproductive attempt. Results from observations on female LRS (calculated from annual weaning rates) and those generated by the model predict that female M. rufus on ‘Fowlers Gap’ wean, on average, 3.7 young in a lifetime (ranges 0 - 11 and 0 - 20, respectively); representing only 41% of their maximum reproductive potential. Manipulation of initial starting conditions allowed the effect of varying environmental conditions on female LRS to be explored. The condition of the environment when Females commence breeding Does not appear to significantly affect their overall lifetime reproductive output. However, the occurrence of drought Does. Females experiencing two droughts in a lifetime did not live as long and weaned fewer offspring and grandoffspring (from their daughters) than those Females experiencing only one drought in a lifetime. In addition to the adverse effect of drought on the reproductive success of female M. rufus in this study, we suggest that, given the relatively high and stable population densities of M. rufus on ‘Fowlers Gap’, other mechanisms (acting primarily on juvenile survival) must exist which limit population growth.

Talia Benzeev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a threatening intellectual environment why Females are susceptible to experiencing problem solving deficits in the presence of males
    Psychological Science, 2000
    Co-Authors: Michael Inzlicht, Talia Benzeev
    Abstract:

    Does placing Females in environments in which they have contact with males cause deficits in their problem-solving perfor- mance? Is a situational cue, such as gender composition, sufficient for creating a threatening intellectual environment for Females—an en- vironment that elicits performance-impinging stereotypes? Two stud- ies explored these questions. Participants completed a difficult math or verbal test in 3-person groups, each of which included 2 additional people of the same sex as the participant (same-sex condition) or of the opposite sex (minority condition). Female participants in the mi- nority condition experienced performance deficits in the math test only, whereas males performed equally well on the math test in the two conditions. Further investigation showed that Females' deficits were proportional to the number of males in their group. Even Females who were placed in a mixed-sex majority condition (2 Females and 1 male) experienced moderate but significant deficits. Findings are dis- cussed in relation to theories of distinctiveness, stereotype threat, and tokenism. Females currently are a small minority of students and researchers in the natural and physical sciences. A recent National Science Foun- dation (1996) report showed that Females constitute 35% of under- graduate students enrolled in physics, math, and computer science classes; 16% of undergraduate students enrolled in engineering classes; and less than 10% of graduate students in physics and engi- neering. Moreover, this report showed that Females suffer from higher attrition rates in their academic careers than do males, so that by the time women reach the workplace, they occupy only 22% of jobs in mathematical and scientific domains. Does Females' problem-solving performance diminish when they are placed in an environment in which males outnumber them? If so, are such performance deficits specifically linked to domains that are associated with negative ste- reotypes about Females' intellectual capacity? Examining these ques- tions can inform theories of how social stereotypes affect the intellectual processing of individuals who are the targets of these stereotypes, as well as educational practice.

Michael Inzlicht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a threatening intellectual environment why Females are susceptible to experiencing problem solving deficits in the presence of males
    Psychological Science, 2000
    Co-Authors: Michael Inzlicht, Talia Benzeev
    Abstract:

    Does placing Females in environments in which they have contact with males cause deficits in their problem-solving perfor- mance? Is a situational cue, such as gender composition, sufficient for creating a threatening intellectual environment for Females—an en- vironment that elicits performance-impinging stereotypes? Two stud- ies explored these questions. Participants completed a difficult math or verbal test in 3-person groups, each of which included 2 additional people of the same sex as the participant (same-sex condition) or of the opposite sex (minority condition). Female participants in the mi- nority condition experienced performance deficits in the math test only, whereas males performed equally well on the math test in the two conditions. Further investigation showed that Females' deficits were proportional to the number of males in their group. Even Females who were placed in a mixed-sex majority condition (2 Females and 1 male) experienced moderate but significant deficits. Findings are dis- cussed in relation to theories of distinctiveness, stereotype threat, and tokenism. Females currently are a small minority of students and researchers in the natural and physical sciences. A recent National Science Foun- dation (1996) report showed that Females constitute 35% of under- graduate students enrolled in physics, math, and computer science classes; 16% of undergraduate students enrolled in engineering classes; and less than 10% of graduate students in physics and engi- neering. Moreover, this report showed that Females suffer from higher attrition rates in their academic careers than do males, so that by the time women reach the workplace, they occupy only 22% of jobs in mathematical and scientific domains. Does Females' problem-solving performance diminish when they are placed in an environment in which males outnumber them? If so, are such performance deficits specifically linked to domains that are associated with negative ste- reotypes about Females' intellectual capacity? Examining these ques- tions can inform theories of how social stereotypes affect the intellectual processing of individuals who are the targets of these stereotypes, as well as educational practice.