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Asokan Thondiyath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dominant Component in muscle fatigue induced hand tremor during laparoscopic surgical manipulation
2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2014Co-Authors: Sourav Chandra, Mitsuhiro Hayashibe, Asokan ThondiyathAbstract:Accuracy of laparoscopic surgery gets affected by the hand tremor of the surgeons. Though cognitive load is inevitable in such activity which promotes tremor, muscle fatigue induced tremor is significant among the most important sources of tremor. Characteristic of fatigue induced hand tremor and its Dominant directional properties are reported in this work. For a fixed laparoscopic tool grip with temporally synchronized predefined task protocols, characteristics of fatigue induced tremors have been studied. Dominant Component of tremor was found to be in the sagittal plane in case of both static and dynamic tasks. In order to relate it with the muscle fatigue level, spectral properties of surface electromyography (SEMG) were also investigated simultaneously. A study of transient effect on tool positioning was also included, which conjointly advocates the other experimental results on fatigue induced hand tremor as well.
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EMBC - Dominant Component in muscle fatigue induced hand tremor during laparoscopic surgical manipulation
2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2014Co-Authors: Sourav Chandra, Mitsuhiro Hayashibe, Asokan ThondiyathAbstract:Accuracy of laparoscopic surgery gets affected by the hand tremor of the surgeons. Though cognitive load is inevitable in such activity which promotes tremor, muscle fatigue induced tremor is significant among the most important sources of tremor. Characteristic of fatigue induced hand tremor and its Dominant directional properties are reported in this work. For a fixed laparoscopic tool grip with temporally synchronized predefined task protocols, characteristics of fatigue induced tremors have been studied. Dominant Component of tremor was found to be in the sagittal plane in case of both static and dynamic tasks. In order to relate it with the muscle fatigue level, spectral properties of surface electromyography (SEMG) were also investigated simultaneously. A study of transient effect on tool positioning was also included, which conjointly advocates the other experimental results on fatigue induced hand tremor as well.
B Wroblewska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics of Cortaderia pilosa (D’Urv.) Hack., the Dominant Component of falkland islands
Journal of Plant Physiology, 1998Co-Authors: J.w. Poskuta, J.h. Mcadam, E Waclawczyk-lach, B WroblewskaAbstract:Summary Cortaderia pilosa (whitegrass) is a slow growing grass adapted to the cool and moist climate of the Falkland Islands. In well drained, sheltered areas it tends to produce tussock forms whereas on level and poorly drained soils it produces a lax growth habit. Both morphotypes have a similar N-nutrition requirement as well as toleration to waterlogging and anaerobiosis. However, the tussock morphotype appears to be inherently larger and more vigorous than the lax morphotype. The photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics in vivo were measured in leaves of both morphotypes: Fv/Fm = an indicator of maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, net photosynthesis (Pn), photorespiration (PR), dark respiration (DR), the CO 2 compensation concentration(Γ), and content of chlorophylls and carotenoids. Both morphotypes had similar, low values of Fv/Fm in the range 0.64–0.65. The rates of Pn and PR and content of photosynthetic pigments were markedly higher in the tussock than the lax morphotype whereas rates of DR were by about 30% higher in the lax than the tussock morphotype. The ratio of DR/Pn in the tussock and lax morphotypes was 0.14 and 0.27, respectively. Increased DR in the lax morphotype may be a protective mechanism against stress by which respiratory-derived ATP and reductant are provided to continue cell metabolism at a reduced level of photosynthesis. It is concluded that the better growth of tussock than lax morphotype of Cortaderia pilosa can be attributed to its higher rates of net photosynthesis, higher content of photosynthetic pigments and to lower rates of dark respiration.
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photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics of cortaderia pilosa d urv hack the Dominant Component of falkland islands
Journal of Plant Physiology, 1998Co-Authors: J.w. Poskuta, J.h. Mcadam, E Waclawczyklach, B WroblewskaAbstract:Summary Cortaderia pilosa (whitegrass) is a slow growing grass adapted to the cool and moist climate of the Falkland Islands. In well drained, sheltered areas it tends to produce tussock forms whereas on level and poorly drained soils it produces a lax growth habit. Both morphotypes have a similar N-nutrition requirement as well as toleration to waterlogging and anaerobiosis. However, the tussock morphotype appears to be inherently larger and more vigorous than the lax morphotype. The photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics in vivo were measured in leaves of both morphotypes: Fv/Fm = an indicator of maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, net photosynthesis (Pn), photorespiration (PR), dark respiration (DR), the CO 2 compensation concentration(Γ), and content of chlorophylls and carotenoids. Both morphotypes had similar, low values of Fv/Fm in the range 0.64–0.65. The rates of Pn and PR and content of photosynthetic pigments were markedly higher in the tussock than the lax morphotype whereas rates of DR were by about 30% higher in the lax than the tussock morphotype. The ratio of DR/Pn in the tussock and lax morphotypes was 0.14 and 0.27, respectively. Increased DR in the lax morphotype may be a protective mechanism against stress by which respiratory-derived ATP and reductant are provided to continue cell metabolism at a reduced level of photosynthesis. It is concluded that the better growth of tussock than lax morphotype of Cortaderia pilosa can be attributed to its higher rates of net photosynthesis, higher content of photosynthetic pigments and to lower rates of dark respiration.
Kevin Bishop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evasion of co2 from streams the Dominant Component of the carbon export through the aquatic conduit in a boreal landscape
Global Change Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Marcus B Wallin, Thomas Grabs, Ishi Buffam, Hjalmar Laudon, Anneli Agren, Mats G Oquist, Kevin BishopAbstract:Evasion of gaseous carbon (C) from streams is often poorly quantified in landscape C budgets. Even though the potential importance of the capillary network of streams as C conduits across the land-water-atmosphere interfaces is sometimes mentioned, low-order streams are often left out of budget estimates due to being poorly characterized in terms of gas exchange and even areal surface coverage. We show that evasion of C is greater than all the total dissolved C (both organic and inorganic) exported downstream in the waters of a boreal landscape. In this study evasion of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from running waters within a 67 km(2) boreal catchment was studied. During a 4 year period (2006-2009) 13 streams were sampled on 104 different occasions for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). From a locally determined model of gas exchange properties, we estimated the daily CO2 evasion with a high-resolution (5 × 5 m) grid-based stream evasion model comprising the entire ~100 km stream network. Despite the low areal coverage of stream surface, the evasion of CO2 from the stream network constituted 53% (5.0 (±1.8) g C m(-2) yr(-1) ) of the entire stream C flux (9.6 (±2.4) g C m(-2) yr(-1) ) (lateral as DIC, DOC, and vertical as CO2 ). In addition, 72% of the total CO2 loss took place already in the first- and second-order streams. This study demonstrates the importance of including CO2 evasion from low-order boreal streams into landscape C budgets as it more than doubled the magnitude of the aquatic conduit for C from this landscape. Neglecting this term will consequently result in an overestimation of the terrestrial C sink strength in the boreal landscape.
Sourav Chandra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dominant Component in muscle fatigue induced hand tremor during laparoscopic surgical manipulation
2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2014Co-Authors: Sourav Chandra, Mitsuhiro Hayashibe, Asokan ThondiyathAbstract:Accuracy of laparoscopic surgery gets affected by the hand tremor of the surgeons. Though cognitive load is inevitable in such activity which promotes tremor, muscle fatigue induced tremor is significant among the most important sources of tremor. Characteristic of fatigue induced hand tremor and its Dominant directional properties are reported in this work. For a fixed laparoscopic tool grip with temporally synchronized predefined task protocols, characteristics of fatigue induced tremors have been studied. Dominant Component of tremor was found to be in the sagittal plane in case of both static and dynamic tasks. In order to relate it with the muscle fatigue level, spectral properties of surface electromyography (SEMG) were also investigated simultaneously. A study of transient effect on tool positioning was also included, which conjointly advocates the other experimental results on fatigue induced hand tremor as well.
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EMBC - Dominant Component in muscle fatigue induced hand tremor during laparoscopic surgical manipulation
2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2014Co-Authors: Sourav Chandra, Mitsuhiro Hayashibe, Asokan ThondiyathAbstract:Accuracy of laparoscopic surgery gets affected by the hand tremor of the surgeons. Though cognitive load is inevitable in such activity which promotes tremor, muscle fatigue induced tremor is significant among the most important sources of tremor. Characteristic of fatigue induced hand tremor and its Dominant directional properties are reported in this work. For a fixed laparoscopic tool grip with temporally synchronized predefined task protocols, characteristics of fatigue induced tremors have been studied. Dominant Component of tremor was found to be in the sagittal plane in case of both static and dynamic tasks. In order to relate it with the muscle fatigue level, spectral properties of surface electromyography (SEMG) were also investigated simultaneously. A study of transient effect on tool positioning was also included, which conjointly advocates the other experimental results on fatigue induced hand tremor as well.
Robert R Caldwell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a phantom menace cosmological consequences of a dark energy Component with super negative equation of state
Physics Letters B, 2002Co-Authors: Robert R CaldwellAbstract:Abstract It is extraordinary that a number of observations indicate that we live in a spatially flat, low matter density Universe, which is currently undergoing a period of accelerating expansion. The effort to explain this current state has focused attention on cosmological models in which the Dominant Component of the cosmic energy density has negative pressure, with an equation of state w⩾−1. Remarking that most observations are consistent with models right up to the w=−1 or cosmological constant (Λ) limit, it is natural to ask what lies on the other side, at w
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a phantom menace cosmological consequences of a dark energy Component with super negative equation of state
arXiv: Astrophysics, 1999Co-Authors: Robert R CaldwellAbstract:It is extraordinary that a number of observations indicate that we live in a spatially flat, low matter density Universe, which is currently undergoing a period of accelerating expansion. The effort to explain this current state has focused attention on cosmological models in which the Dominant Component of the cosmic energy density has negative pressure, with an equation of state $w \ge -1$. Remarking that most observations are consistent with models right up to the $w=-1$ or cosmological constant ($\Lambda$) limit, it is natural to ask what lies on the other side, at $w<-1$. In this regard, we construct a toy model of a ``phantom'' energy Component which possesses an equation of state $w<-1$. Such a Component is found to be compatible with most classical tests of cosmology based on current data, including the recent type 1a SNe data as well as the cosmic microwave background anisotropy and mass power spectrum. If the future observations continue to allow $w<-1$, then barring unanticipated systematic effects, the Dominant Component of the cosmic energy density may be stranger than anything expected.