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J P Dubey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic Donkeys equus asinus in durango mexico slaughtered for human consumption
BMC Veterinary Research, 2015Co-Authors: Cosme Alvaradoesquivel, Domingo Alvaradoesquivel, J P DubeyAbstract:Background Nothing is known about Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in Donkeys in Mexico. Meat from Donkey is consumed by humans in Mexico and also exported to other countries. We sought to determine the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in 239 domestic Donkeys (Equus asinus) for slaughter in Durango, Mexico using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Donkeys were sampled in four premises (trade centers) where Donkeys were gather for shipment to abattoirs in other Mexican states.
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detection and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii dna in the blood and milk of naturally infected Donkeys equus asinus
Parasites & Vectors, 2014Co-Authors: Francesca Mancianti, Simona Nardoni, Roberto Amerigo Papini, Linda Mugnaini, Mina Martini, Iolanda Altomonte, Federica Salari, Carlo Dascenzi, J P DubeyAbstract:Background Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic protozoan. Consumption of raw milk from infected animals is considered a risk factor for acquiring toxoplasmosis in humans. Recently, Donkey milk has been indicated for therapeutic and nutritional purposes and T. gondii infection is common in Donkeys. The purpose of the present paper was to detect the presence of parasite DNA in milk of T. gondii positive Donkeys.
Luca Fontanesi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Next Generation Semiconductor Based Sequencing of the Donkey (Equus asinus) Genome Provided Comparative Sequence Data against the Horse Genome and a Few Millions of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
2016Co-Authors: Francesca Bertolini, Valerio Joe Utzeri, Concetta Scimone, Claudia Geraci, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Luca FontanesiAbstract:Few studies investigated the Donkey (Equus asinus) at the whole genome level so far. Here, we sequenced the genome of two male Donkeys using a next generation semiconductor based sequencing platform (the Ion Proton sequencer) and compared obtained sequence information with the available Donkey draft genome (and its Illumina reads from which it was originated) and with the EquCab2.0 assembly of the horse genome. Moreover, the Ion Tor-rent Personal Genome Analyzer was used to sequence reduced representation libraries (RRL) obtained from a DNA pool including Donkeys of different breeds (Grigio Siciliano, Ragusano and Martina Franca). The number of next generation sequencing reads aligned with the EquCab2.0 horse genome was larger than those aligned with the draft Donkey genome. This was due to the larger N50 for contigs and scaffolds of the horse genome. Nucleotide divergence between E. caballus and E. asinus was estimated to be ~ 0.52-0.57%. Regions with low nucleotide divergence were identified in several autosomal chro-mosomes and in the whole chromosome X. These regions might be evolutionally important in equids. Comparing Y-chromosome regions we identified variants that could be useful t
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the albinism of the feral asinara white Donkeys equus asinus is determined by a missense mutation in a highly conserved position of the tyrosinase tyr gene deduced protein
Animal Genetics, 2016Co-Authors: Valerio Joe Utzeri, Francesca Bertolini, Anisa Ribani, G Schiavo, Stefania Dallolio, Luca FontanesiAbstract:A feral Donkey population (Equus asinus), living in the Asinara National Park (an island north-west of Sardinia, Italy), includes a unique white albino Donkey subpopulation or colour morph that is a major attraction of this park. Disrupting mutations in the tyrosinase (TYR) gene are known to cause recessive albinisms in humans (oculocutaneous albinism Type 1; OCA1) and other species. In this study, we analysed the Donkey TYR gene as a strong candidate to identify the causative mutation of the albinism of these Donkeys. The TYR gene was sequenced from 13 Donkeys (seven Asinara white albino and six coloured animals). Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. A missense mutation (c.604C>G; p.His202Asp) in a highly conserved amino acid position (even across kingdoms), which disrupts the first copper-binding site (CuA) of functional protein, was identified in the homozygous condition (G/G or D/D) in all Asinara white albino Donkeys and in the albino son of a trio (the grey parents had genotype C/G or H/D), supporting the recessive mode of inheritance of this mutation. Genotyping 82 Donkeys confirmed that Asinara albino Donkeys had genotype G/G whereas all other coloured Donkeys had genotype C/C or C/G. Across-population association between the c.604C>G genotypes and the albino coat colour was highly significant (P = 6.17E-18). The identification of the causative mutation of the albinism in the Asinara white Donkeys might open new perspectives to study the dynamics of this putative deleterious allele in a feral population and to manage this interesting animal genetic resource.
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Ion Proton reads obtained from the genome of the two sequenced Donkeys.
2015Co-Authors: Francesca Bertolini, Valerio Joe Utzeri, Concetta Scimone, Claudia Geraci, Giuseppina Schiavo, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Luca FontanesiAbstract:Reads are aligned with the draft Donkey and EquCab2.0 horse genomes and related metrics are reported.Ion Proton reads obtained from the genome of the two sequenced Donkeys.
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Next Generation Semiconductor Based Sequencing of the Donkey (Equus asinus) Genome Provided Comparative Sequence Data against the Horse Genome and a Few Millions of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
2015Co-Authors: Francesca Bertolini, Valerio Joe Utzeri, Concetta Scimone, Claudia Geraci, Giuseppina Schiavo, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Luca FontanesiAbstract:Few studies investigated the Donkey (Equus asinus) at the whole genome level so far. Here, we sequenced the genome of two male Donkeys using a next generation semiconductor based sequencing platform (the Ion Proton sequencer) and compared obtained sequence information with the available Donkey draft genome (and its Illumina reads from which it was originated) and with the EquCab2.0 assembly of the horse genome. Moreover, the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Analyzer was used to sequence reduced representation libraries (RRL) obtained from a DNA pool including Donkeys of different breeds (Grigio Siciliano, Ragusano and Martina Franca). The number of next generation sequencing reads aligned with the EquCab2.0 horse genome was larger than those aligned with the draft Donkey genome. This was due to the larger N50 for contigs and scaffolds of the horse genome. Nucleotide divergence between E. caballus and E. asinus was estimated to be ~ 0.52-0.57%. Regions with low nucleotide divergence were identified in several autosomal chromosomes and in the whole chromosome X. These regions might be evolutionally important in equids. Comparing Y-chromosome regions we identified variants that could be useful to track Donkey paternal lineages. Moreover, about 4.8 million of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Donkey genome were identified and annotated combining sequencing data from Ion Proton (whole genome sequencing) and Ion Torrent (RRL) runs with Illumina reads. A higher density of SNPs was present in regions homologous to horse chromosome 12, in which several studies reported a high frequency of copy number variants. The SNPs we identified constitute a first resource useful to describe variability at the population genomic level in E. asinus and to establish monitoring systems for the conservation of Donkey genetic resources.
Franklin Rietcorrea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pulmonary and hepatic lesions caused by the dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid producing plants crotalaria juncea and crotalaria retusa in Donkeys
Toxicon, 2013Co-Authors: Clarice R M Pessoa, Mauro P. Soares, Andre F A Pessoa, Lisanka A Maia, Rosane M T Medeiros, Steven M Colegate, S S Barros, Alexandre Secorun Borges, Franklin RietcorreaAbstract:The effects and susceptibility of Donkeys to Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria retusa poisoning were determined at high and low doses. Seeds of C. juncea containing 0.074% of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (DHPAs) (isohemijunceines 0.05%, trichodesmine 0.016%, and junceine 0.008%) were administered to three Donkeys at 0.3, 0.6 and 1 g/kg body weight (g/kg) daily for 365 days. No clinical signs were observed and, on liver and lung biopsies, the only lesion was a mild liver megalocytosis in the Donkeys ingesting 0.6 and 1 g/kg/day. Two other Donkeys that received daily doses of 3 and 5 g seed/kg showed initial respiratory signs 70 and 40 days after the start of the administration, respectively. The Donkeys were euthanized following severe respiratory signs and the main lung lesions were proliferation of Clara cells and interstitial fibrosis. Three Donkeys ingested seeds of C. retusa containing 5.99% of monocrotaline at daily doses of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 g/kg for 365 days. No clinical signs were observed and, on liver and lung biopsies, the only lesion was moderate liver megalocytosis in each of the three Donkeys. One Donkey that received a single dose of 5 g/kg of C. retusa seeds and another that received 1 g/kg daily for 7 days both showed severe clinical signs and died with diffuse centrilobular liver necrosis. No lung lesions were observed. Another Donkey that received a single dose of 2.5 g/kg of C. retusa seeds showed no clinical signs. The hepatic and pneumotoxic effects observed are consistent with an etiology involving DHPAs. Furthermore, the occurrence of lung or liver lesions correlates with the type of DHPAs contained in the seeds. Similarly as has been reported for horses, the data herein suggest that in Donkeys some DHPAs are metabolized in the liver causing liver disease, whereas others are metabolized in the lung by Clara cells causing lung disease.
E. D. Chirnside - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A survey for antibodies to equine arteritis virus in Donkeys, mules and zebra using virus neutralisation (VN) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Equine veterinary journal, 1997Co-Authors: J. T. Paweska, Matthew M. Binns, P S. A. Woods, E. D. ChirnsideAbstract:Summary A seroepidemiological survey of Donkeys in South Africa (n = 4300) indicated a wide distribution and increasing prevalence of antibodies to equine arteritis virus (EAV). Donkey sera inhibited equine arteritis virus infection in virus neutralisation (VN) tests and in ELISA specifically bound to a recombinant antigen derived from the Bucyrus isolate of EAV. These results suggest that Donkeys have been exposed to the same serotype of this virus as circulates among horses. A good correlation existed between EAV neutralising antibody titres and ELISA absorbance values (0.8631); the ELISA was sensitive and specific (99.2% and 80.3% respectively) for Donkey sera when compared to the VN test and the recombinant ELISA antigen did not cross-react with sera positive for common African equine pathogens. VN+ ELISA+ Donkeys were also found in Morocco and Zimbabwe and seropositive mules in both South Africa and Morocco. No seropositive zebra (n = 266) were detected from game reserves or zoos in 9 countries. The results confirm that in addition to horses and Donkeys, mules are naturally infected with EAV.
Alexandre Dias Munhoz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Frequency and factors associated with Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Trypanosoma evansi in equids from Bahia (Northeast Brazil)
Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia , 2019Co-Authors: Sonia Carmen Lopo Costa, Jéssica De Souza Freitas, Aísla Nascimento Da Silva, Luciana Carvalho Lacerda, Rebeca Dálety Santos Cruz, Fábio Santos Carvalho, Maria Julia Salim Pereira, Alexandre Dias MunhozAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated to Babesia caballi, Theileria equi and Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected equids from the northeast Brazil. Blood samples from 569 equids (528 horses, 8 mules, and 33 Donkeys) were collected and tested for the presence of DNA of each of these protozoan parasites by PCR. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate risk factors associated with the infection. The frequency of T. equi infection was 83.5% (475/569) - 84.3% in horses, and 73.2% in Donkeys and mules. The results of the final model indicated that age (senior group) and animal species (mule and Donkey group) were protective factors against this pathogen. The frequency of B. caballi infection was 24.3% (138/569) - 23.5% in horses and 34.1% in Donkeys and mules. Age (adult and senior group) was considered a protective factor against B. caballi infection whereas animal species (Donkey and mule group) were considered a risk factor for the infection. Trypanosoma evansi infection was not detected in any of animals. Our results suggest that equids from the area studied may be infected earlier in life with the etiological agents of equine piroplasmosis and become asymptomatic carriers.