The Experts below are selected from a list of 21 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Gilbert Held - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Building A Wireless Office
    2002
    Co-Authors: Gilbert Held
    Abstract:

    Introduction to Wireless LANs Wireless Networking Devices Wireless LAN Network Adapters Access Point Types of Networking Wireless Bridge Wireless Routers Wireless Access Server Rationale for Wireless LANs Economics Adds, Moves, and Changes Roaming Disadvantages to Wireless LANs Learning New Technology Proliferation of Standards Security Applications Home Use Hospital College Campus Office Support Portals Book Preview Technology and Terminology IEEE Standards Basic Wireless LAN Operations The TCP/IP Protocol Suite Security Working with Vendor Products The Future Technology and Terminology Basic Communications Concepts Frequency Wavelength Bandwidth Modulation Methods Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation Phase Modulation Nyquist Relationship Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Differential Modulation Signaling Methods Infrared Types of Infrared Transmission Limitations Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Rationale for Spread Spectrum Operation Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Operation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Evolution Operation The Frequency Spectrum and Wireless LANs ISM Bands Where Wireless LANs Reside Measurements Power Ratios Bel Decibel Decibel Milliwatt Signal-to-Noise Ratio Channel Capacity Antenna Considerations Radiation Pattern Beamwidth Antenna Gain Wireless LAN Terminology Architecture The Station Network Topologies Ad Hoc Networking Infrastructure Networking Access Point Operation The Distribution System The Extended Service Set Media Access Control CSMA/CA The Hidden Node Problem IEEE Standards Basic Architecture Layer Separation Physical Layer Operation Infrared Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Modulation Frequency Channels Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Barker Code Modulation Comparison to FHSS Complementary Code Keying Code Sets Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Frequency Allocation Scope of Coverage Physical Layer Operations FHSS DSSS OFDM MAC Layer Operations Layer 2: Framing Protocol Version Field Type and Subtype Fields ToDS/FromDS Fields More Frag Field Retry Field Power Management Field More Data Field WEP Field Order Field Duration/ID Field Address Fields Sequence Control Field Frame Body Field CRC Field Management Frames The Beacon Frame The Probe Response Frame Control Frames Hidden Nodes Use of RTS and CTS Frames RTS and CTS Frame Formats ACK Frame Media Access Time Gaps DCF Operation PCF Operation Basic Wireless LAN Operations Ad Hoc Networking Adapter Card Setup Configuring a Wireless Network Adapter Ad Hoc Settings TxRate WEP PS Mode Channel Network Software Enabling File and Print Sharing Assigning Identifiers Sharing Network Resources Setting TCP/IP Parameters The Proof Is in the Pudding Internet Connection Sharing Installation Configuration Infrastructure Operations Wireless Router Configuration Access the Router Configuring a PC IP Address Configuring the DNS Gateway Configuration Using Your Browser Accessing the Configuration Setup Utility Using the Setup Wizard System Name Assignment Wireless LAN Setup Parameters Defining the Wired Connection Defining Address Assignments Internet Access via the Router Site Selection TCP/IP Protocol Suite The Internet Protocol Datagrams and Segments Datagrams and Datagram Transmission Routing The IP Header Vers Field Hlen Field Service Type Field Total Length Field Identification and Fragment Offset Fields Flags Field Time to Live Field Protocol Field Header Checksum Field Source and Destination Address Fields IP Addressing The IP Addressing Scheme Address Classes Rationale Class Addressing Overview Class A Address Class B Addresses Class C Addresses Class D Addresses Class E Addresses Dotted Decimal Notation Basic Workstation Configuration Reserved Addresses Subnetting Overview Subnetting Example Host Restrictions The Zero Subnet Internal Versus External Subnet Viewing Using the Subnet Mask Multiple Interface Addresses Address Resolution Ethernet and Token Ring Frame Formats LAN Delivery Address Resolution Operation ARP Packet Fields Locating the Required Address Gratuitous ARP Proxy ARP RARP ICMP Overview The ICMP Type Field The ICMP Code Field Evolution The Transport Layer TCP Overview The TCP Header Source and Destination Port Fields Multiplexing and Demultiplexing Port Numbers Well-Known Ports Registered Ports Dynamic or Private Ports Sequence and Acknowledgment Number Fields Hlen Field Code Bits Field Window Field Checksum Field Urgent Pointer Field Options Field Padding Field Connection Establishment Connection Function Calls Port Hiding Passive OPEN Active OPEN The Three-Way Handshake Overview Operation The TCP Window Avoiding Congestion TCP Slow Start The Slow-Start Threshold TCP Retransmissions Session Termination UDP The UDP Header Source and Destination Port Fields Length Field Checksum Field Operation Applications The DNS The Domain Name Structure The Domain Name Tree The Name Resolution Process Data Flow Time Consideration DNS Records Checking Records Diagnostic Tools Ping Operation Implementation Using Windows NT Ping Traceroute Operation Using Windows Tracert Tracing a Route Applications NSLOOKUP Operation Viewing the SOA Record Protecting Server Information Finger Format Security Considerations Applications Security Security Risks Architecture The Role of the SSID Insertion Attacks Monitoring Attacks Masquerade Broadcast Monitoring Denial of Service Attacks Other Attack Methods Exploiting File Sharing SNMP Community Names Accessing a Management Console Encryption Attacks Theft of Hardware Understanding WEP Overview Setup Example Cipher Operation RC4 Algorithm Operation WEP Key Definition Authentication Methods Open Authentication Shared Key MAC Address 201 Vulnerabilities The IV Attack Methods Using the IV Enhancing Wireless Security MAC Address-Based Authentication Use Dynamic WEP Keys LEAP Authentication Using Secure Sockets The VPN Solution Bar Code Authentication The IEEE 802.1x Standard Overview Cisco Implementation Orinoco Implementation Router Access Control Shielding Working with Vendor Products Agere System's Orinoco Wireless Kit Client Setup Installation Software Client Manager Adjusting the Configuration Network Name Security Setting Power Management TCP/IP Behavior Setting Up the Residential Gateway The Welcome Screen RG Identification Specifying the Internet Connection Settings Summary Network Topology Advanced Features Card Testing Link Test Cisco Aironet Aironet Client Utility Configuring the Client System Parameters Tab RF Network Tab Home Networking Tab Network Security Tab Advanced Settings Interesting Product Features Netgear MR324 Wireless Router System Settings System Name Password DDNS LAN Setup RIP Support Wireless LAN Setup Port Forwarding Static Route Content Filter Other Features SMC Networks Barricade Wireless Router Router Access Access Control Virtual Server DMZ Host Remote Administration Host Administrative Timeout Discard Ping Nonstandard FTP Port Interoperability WEP Key Considerations The Future Evolving Wireless LAN Products Print Servers Rationale Types of Servers Authentication Server RADIUS Token Card Evolving Wireless LAN Standards The 802.1x Standard The 802.11g Standard

Khan, Md. Abdul Wakil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Network Structure of Mutual Trust Bank Ltd.
    East West University, 2015
    Co-Authors: Khan, Md. Abdul Wakil
    Abstract:

    This thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering of East West University, Dhaka, BangladeshIn my Internship at Mutual Trust Bank Limited, I have learnt how to assign each interface on the router an IP address with a unique subnet. This intern report will give the basic information needed in order to configure routers for routing IP, such as how addresses are broken down and how sub netting works. Subnetting is the strategy used to partition a single physical network into more than one smaller logical sub-networks (subnets). An IP address includes a network segment and a host segment. Subnets are designed by accepting bits from the IP address's host part and using these bits to assign a number of smaller sub-networks inside the original network. Subnetting allows an organization to add sub-networks without the need to acquire a new network number via the Internet service provider (ISP). Subnetting helps to reduce the network traffic and conceals network complexity. Subnetting is essential when a single network number has to be allocated over numerous segments of a local area network(LAN).Subnets were initially designed for solving the shortage of IP addresses over the Internet. IP addresses are 32 bit numbers, most commonly represented in Dotted Decimal Notation. Each Decimal number represents eight bits of binary data, and therefore can have a Decimal value between 0 and 255. IP addresses most commonly come as class A, B, or C. It's the value of the first number of the IP address that determines the class to which a given IP address belongs. Class D addresses are used for multi-cast applications

Dean Reed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • CHAPTER 19 Internet-Based Virtual Environments
    2000
    Co-Authors: Charles E. Hughes, Michael J. Moshell, Dean Reed
    Abstract:

    Hosting virtual worlds on the Internet introduces many problems not inherent in private networks. These include security, reliability, speed and differing agendas of participants. The purpose of this chapter is to review the history and present status of Internet-based virtual environments, and to discuss a number of efforts designed to meet perceived future needs. 1 Internet Protocols 1.1 The basics This section sets the context for the rest of the chapter. It is by no means a thorough journey into the world of Internet protocols. Those wishing such a presentation are referred to Stevens (1994). Several conceptually simple properties make the Internet work. Its richness comes from building new protocols and paradigms on top of this well-conceived foundation. First, for a computer (host) to participate as one of the many nodes in the worldwide network known as the Internet, it must be assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address. An IP address (old form) is a 32-bit number, usually presented as a "Dotted-Decimal Notation, " which includes the Decimal equivalents of the four bytes comprising the address, separated by periods. The great popularity of the World Wide Web has resulted in the need for a richer set of addresses. This is being met by a new standard (IPng) that extends addresses to 128 bits, represented by

John Curran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Legal and Policy Aspects of Internet Number Resources
    Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal, 2008
    Co-Authors: Stephen M. Ryan, Raymond A. Plzak, John Curran
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper demonstrates the heightened need for a consistent legal and public policy approach to critical management issues regarding "Internet number resources," which include Internet Protocol ("IP") addresses and Autonomous System numbers. First, we provide background information on what IP addresses are and how they are used to route Internet traffic. Second, we describe the evolution of the Regional Internet Registries ("RIRs"). The RIRs are non-profit, non-governmental organizations of continental scope that derive their authority from the consent of the Internet community, and from the U.S. Government, which has encouraged the Internet's private-sector institutions of governance. Third, we describe the open and transparent public policy process that currently creates Internet number resource allocation policies in the American Registry for Internet Numbers ("ARIN") region, which is representative of the modestly different policy processes in each of the five RIRs. We also describe the more recent creation of the Number Resource Organization ("NRO") and its modest role in global IP address policy development. Fourth, we contrast the legal nature of domain names with IP addresses, which has been the subject of recent judicial review. Fourth, we describe the serious potential problems resulting from the depletion of the supply of IPv4 addresses, the impact of "legacy" IPv4 address space, the need to adopt IPv6 applications, and other looming technical policy issues. I. WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS AND WHAT IS ITS ROLE? An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a number that identifies the location of a computer on a network. (1) IP addresses are used to identify the origin of a packet of transmitted data, the destination of that packet of data, as well as any intermediate points that may exist along the path between the origin and the destination. (2) Special purpose computers called "routers" guide the flow of packets of information on the Internet using the IP addresses on the packets, in the same way that the postal system uses the "to" and "from" addresses on an envelope. (3) There are two addressing forms, IPv4 and IPv6. (4) An IPv4 address, currently used by most computers, is a binary number 32 bits long. (5) As a matter of convenience for human readers, the 32 bits are usually denoted as four byte values separated by periods, using a "Dotted Decimal" Notation: 1.2.3.4. (6) A typical IPv4 address as rendered in Dotted Decimal Notation looks like this: 205.150.58.7, whereas in the raw binary form which computers use internally, the same address looks like this: 11001101100101100011101000000111. (7) IP address space is finite. (8) Early on, the amount of IPv4 address space available was thought to be practically inexhaustible. (9) It was difficult, if not impossible, to foresee how fast and large the Internet would grow. (10) There are about four billion IPv4 addresses (more precisely, there are [2.sup.32] of them), of which approximately 1.5 billion remain available for future allocation to devices connected to the Internet. (11) It is important that the available IP address space is used prudently and efficiently without unnecessary waste. (12) An Internet numbering system with far more addresses, IPv6, is now being issued. (13) The primary difference from IPv4 is the length of network addresses, as it will provide [2.sup.128] unique addresses, representing approximately 340,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 addresses. (14) While this is an astronomically large number of addresses, it is still finite, and the technical requirements for the use of IPv6 addresses require that they also be managed judiciously to preclude capricious consumption. In human-readable form, an IPv6 address can be written in hexaDecimal Notation and look like this: 2001:0503:0C27:0000:0000:0000:0000. (15) Unlike a telephone number, for example, where the "country code" and "area code" components identify a geographic area, an IP address alone provides no clue as to: * The exact geographic location of a network or a computer; * Which consumer is using the IP address; * Where the consumer obtained the IP address; or * The purpose for which the consumer intends to use the IP address. …

Charles E. Hughes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • CHAPTER 19 Internet-Based Virtual Environments
    2000
    Co-Authors: Charles E. Hughes, Michael J. Moshell, Dean Reed
    Abstract:

    Hosting virtual worlds on the Internet introduces many problems not inherent in private networks. These include security, reliability, speed and differing agendas of participants. The purpose of this chapter is to review the history and present status of Internet-based virtual environments, and to discuss a number of efforts designed to meet perceived future needs. 1 Internet Protocols 1.1 The basics This section sets the context for the rest of the chapter. It is by no means a thorough journey into the world of Internet protocols. Those wishing such a presentation are referred to Stevens (1994). Several conceptually simple properties make the Internet work. Its richness comes from building new protocols and paradigms on top of this well-conceived foundation. First, for a computer (host) to participate as one of the many nodes in the worldwide network known as the Internet, it must be assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address. An IP address (old form) is a 32-bit number, usually presented as a "Dotted-Decimal Notation, " which includes the Decimal equivalents of the four bytes comprising the address, separated by periods. The great popularity of the World Wide Web has resulted in the need for a richer set of addresses. This is being met by a new standard (IPng) that extends addresses to 128 bits, represented by