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Ahmad Hafizi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • USING SODIUM STEARATE AS Drag Reducing Agent INPIPELINES
    2011
    Co-Authors: Ahmad Zaini, Ahmad Hafizi
    Abstract:

    This research study aims to prove the effectiveness of using Sodium Stearate as Drag Reducing Agent in pipelines. Whilst it is more common to see in Oil and Gas industry to utilize polymer as Drag Reducing Agent, surfactants also show a promising future as Drag Reducing Agent nowadays. When it comes to pipeline, Drag had caused severe to production capacity of a line. Drag had caused power pumping loses; decreasing in production capacity and indirectly may caused erosion corrosion to take place. The industries are desperate to find Drag Reducing Agents and still searching for the cheapest yet most effective alternative Drag Reducing Agent. With that in mind, this Final Year Project will be focused more on how the surfactant generally, and specifically Sodium Stearate act as Drag Reducing Agent in pipeline. An experiment setup will be fabricate and conduct to determine the effect of Sodium Stearate use as Drag Reducing Agent in oil pipeline. Unfortunately, due to several circumstances and limitation, the original plan which is to run the experiment using crude oil can not been conducted. Instead of using crude oil, water is been used to replace it. An open loop system are fabricated where water in the storage tank will be pump throughout 4 meter long of testing section of 1 inch diameter Galvanize Iron steel pipeline. An injection mechanism is created to inject the Drag Reducing Agent solutions at the starting point of 4 meter testing section. A total of 7 different concentration of Drag Reducing Agent had been prepared. At the end of testing section, pressure gauge is been placed to monitor the pressure drop and hence examine the percentage Drag reduction for each concentration been test. Result from experiment shown that Sodium Stearate prove to have great effect when act as Drag Reducing Agent significantly by recorded highest percentage Drag reduction of 33.33% at concentration of 800ppm for low RPM of pump. Therefore, it is concluded that Sodium Stearate, which is surfactant has show the ability to act as Drag Reducing Agent effectively in water-pipeline experiment. Impact of this study can be analysis and to make early hypothesis if the fluid inside pipeline is change from water to crude oil.

  • USING SODIUM STEARATE AS Drag Reducing Agent IN PIPELINES
    Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ahmad Hafizi
    Abstract:

    This research study aims to prove the effectiveness of using Sodium Stearate as Drag Reducing Agent in pipelines. Whilst it is more common to see in Oil and Gas industry to utilize polymer as Drag Reducing Agent, surfactants also show a promising future as Drag Reducing Agent nowadays. When it comes to pipeline, Drag had caused severe to production capacity of a line. Drag had caused power pumping loses; decreasing in production capacity and indirectly may caused erosion corrosion to take place. The industries are desperate to find Drag Reducing Agents and still searching for the cheapest yet most effective alternative Drag Reducing Agent. With that in mind, this Final Year Project will be focused more on how the surfactant generally, and specifically Sodium Stearate act as Drag Reducing Agent in pipeline. An experiment setup will be fabricate and conduct to determine the effect of Sodium Stearate use as Drag Reducing Agent in oil pipeline. Unfortunately, due to several circumstances and limitation, the original plan which is to run the experiment using crude oil can not been conducted. Instead of using crude oil, water is been used to replace it. An open loop system are fabricated where water in the storage tank will be pump throughout 4 meter long of testing section of 1 inch diameter Galvanize Iron steel pipeline. An injection mechanism is created to inject the Drag Reducing Agent solutions at the starting point of 4 meter testing section. A total of 7 different concentration of Drag Reducing Agent had been prepared. At the end of testing section, pressure gauge is been placed to monitor the pressure drop and hence examine the percentage Drag reduction for each concentration been test. Result from experiment shown that Sodium Stearate prove to have great effect when act as Drag Reducing Agent significantly by recorded highest percentage Drag reduction of 33.33% at concentration of 800ppm for low RPM of pump. Therefore, it is concluded that Sodium Stearate, which is surfactant has show the ability to act as Drag Reducing Agent effectively in water-pipeline experiment. Impact of this study can be analysis and to make early hypothesis if the fluid inside pipeline is change from water to crude oil

Abo Elazm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Energy Saving in Irrigation Piping System using (UAN­32) Fertilizer as a Drag Reducing Agent
    2011
    Co-Authors: Abo Elazm
    Abstract:

    In the present study, experiments were carried out on a laboratory circuit to determine the effect of adding fertilizer to the irrigation water as an effective Agent to reduce friction. The fertilizer used is Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN32). It is a liquid soluble fertilizer used to mix with irrigation water. Several concentrations were used at different Reynolds numbers. The results show that with increasing the UAN32 fertilizer concentration the Drag reduction increases till it reaches a maximum value of 6.5% at concentration of 11,000 parts per million, PPM. In addition, as the Reynolds number increases the percentage Drag reduction increases in agreement with the well­established results in the open literature.

  • energy saving in irrigation piping system using uan 32 fertilizer as a Drag Reducing Agent
    2011
    Co-Authors: Abo Elazm
    Abstract:

    In the present study, experiments were carried out on a laboratory circuit to determine the effect of adding fertilizer to the irrigation water as an effective Agent to reduce friction. The fertilizer used is Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN32). It is a liquid soluble fertilizer used to mix with irrigation water. Several concentrations were used at different Reynolds numbers. The results show that with increasing the UAN32 fertilizer concentration the Drag reduction increases till it reaches a maximum value of 6.5% at concentration of 11,000 parts per million, PPM. In addition, as the Reynolds number increases the percentage Drag reduction increases in agreement with the well­established results in the open literature.

Dariush Mowla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Experimental analysis of Drag reduction in the pipelines with response surface methodology
    Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2016
    Co-Authors: Hamidreza Karami, Mohammad Keyhani, Dariush Mowla
    Abstract:

    Abstract Obtaining fundamental variables has critical importance in solving engineering problems, and analysis of experimental data aids more-efficient experimentation. Drag reduction in pipelines is particularly useful in efforts to reduce energy losses. In the present study, statistical procedures are used to analyze some Drag reduction experimental data to determine the degree to which each variable and its interactions with the others contribute to Drag reduction. The experiments in this study incorporate parameters such as Reynolds number and temperature of fluid, concentration of different Drag Reducing Agents and relative roughness of pipes. A proposed model has been developed by applying response surface methodology to historical data. The statistical analysis shows that the model is statistically acceptable ( R 2 =96.78%). Results of analysis show that 95% of variation in the friction factor can be described only by Reynolds number and concentration of Drag Reducing Agent and their interactions. Finally for operational applications, a nomograph has been presented to evaluate friction factor simply.

  • an experimental study of Drag reduction by nanofluids through horizontal pipe turbulent flow of a newtonian liquid
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: A R Pouranfard, Dariush Mowla, Feridun Esmaeilzadeh
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study investigates the effect of nanofluid injection as a Drag Reducing Agent into horizontal pipes under turbulent flow conditions of water. An experimental apparatus was set up. The test section of the apparatus consisted of a smooth unique pipe and four galvanized iron pipes with the same length. Nanofluids were injected through pipes. Results showed that Drag reduction in rough pipes was more than that in smooth pipes at the same flow conditions and it increased as the relative roughness increased. Also, Drag reduction rose with increasing the nanofluid concentration up to about 24% in some tests.

  • Investigation of the effects of various parameters on pressure drop reduction in crude oil pipelines by Drag Reducing Agents
    Journal of Non-newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Hamidreza Karami, Dariush Mowla
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, the effects of various parameters on pressure drop reduction caused by adding small amounts of Drag Reducing polymers has been investigated in crude oil pipelines. In order to make a comprehensive analysis of various operating parameters such as temperature, oil flow rate, pipe diameter, pipe roughness, type of Drag Reducing Agent (DRA), and concentration of DRA, some experiments have been carried out with several concentrations of three different DRAs in four different operating temperatures. The obtained results indicate that the amount of Drag reduction increases with temperature, oil flow rate, pipe roughness as well as DRAs concentration. The DRA1 causes the highest Drag reduction. Also, the experiments showed that DR% increases with decreasing pipe diameter. Hence, the ability of DRA increases with the relative roughness of pipes.

  • experimental study of Drag reduction by a polymeric additive in slug two phase flow of crude oil and air in horizontal pipes
    Chemical Engineering Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Dariush Mowla, Ali Naderi
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study the effect of the presence of a Drag Reducing Agent (DRA) on the pressure drop in cocurrent horizontal pipes carrying slug two-phase flow of air and crude oil is investigated. An experimental set-up is erected. The test section of the experimental set-up is consisted of: a smooth pipe of polycarbonate with 10.3 m long and 2.54 cm ID, a rough pipe of galvanized iron with 8.8 m long and 2.54 cm ID and a rough pipe of galvanized iron with 8.8 m long and 1.27 cm ID. The employing DRA is a Polyalpha-olefin (Polyisobutylene). The percent Drag reduction (%DR) is calculated using the obtained experimental data, in presence of the DRA. The results show that addition of DRA could be effective up to some doses of DRA after which the pressure drop is kept constant. A %DR of about 40 is obtained for some experimental conditions.

Franco Magelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A study on some effects of a Drag-Reducing Agent on the performance of a stirred vessel
    Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2011
    Co-Authors: Giuseppina Montante, Fabio Laurenzi, Alessandro Paglianti, Franco Magelli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The influence of the addition of a Drag Reducing Agent (100 ppm PAA) to a pure liquid (water) in a stirred vessel has been studied. The vessel was stirred with two types of agitators, a Rushton turbine and an axial A310 impeller. This study was meant to implement previous findings with new data and various types of measurements were performed to determine a number of parameters. It is confirmed that the Drag-Reducing Agent decreases power draw and increases mixing time. Mean flow and the fluctuating velocities were determined (with the PIV technique) and notable reduction in turbulence intensity was detected. The mechanism of tracer dispersion (followed by the PLIF technique) was also documented qualitatively. Finally, the influence of the Drag-Reducing Agent on the particle size distribution of the solid product of a precipitation reaction (reaction of barium chloride and sodium sulphate) was shown.

  • Some effects of a Drag Reducing Agent (DRA) on the performance of a stirred vessel
    Czech Society of Chemical Engineering, 2010
    Co-Authors: Giuseppina Montante, Fabio Laurenzi, Alessandro Paglianti, Franco Magelli
    Abstract:

    A study about the influence of the addition of a Drag Reducing Agent (100 ppm PAA) to a pure liquid (water) has been conducted. It is well known that its effect in a stirred system is to decrease the power draw and to moderately increase mixing time; also, the flow field (mean velocity distribution) has been measured in recent years. This contribution is meant to implement previous findings with new data regarding the fluctuating velocity distribution in the stirred vessel (determined with PIV technique for two types of agitators, namely a Rushton turbine and an axial A310 impeller) and the effect on the particle size distribution of the solid product of a precipitation reaction (barium sulphate by reaction of barium chloride and sodium sulphate) conducted in the vessel

Hayder A. Abdulbari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • GRAFTED NATURAL POLYMER AS NEW Drag Reducing Agent:
    2016
    Co-Authors: Hayder A. Abdulbari, Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun, Razak Gambang Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, An Experimental Approach
    Abstract:

    The present investigation introduces a new natural Drag Reducing Agent which has the ability to improve the flow in pipelines carrying aqueous or hydro-carbon liquids in turbulent flow. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) mucilage Drag reduction performance was tested in water and hydrocarbon (gas-oil) media after grafting. The Drag reduction test was conducted in a buildup closed loop liquid circulation system consisting of two pipes of inside diameters (ID) 0.0127 and 0.0381 m, four testing sections in each pipe (0.5 to 2.0 m), tank, pump and pressure transmitters. Reynolds number (Re), additive concentration and the transported media type (water and gas-oil), were the major Drag reduction va-riables investigated. The experimental results show that new additive Drag reduction ability is high, with maximum achieved percentage of Drag reduction (%Dr) up to 60%. The experimental results showed that the Drag reduction abi-lity increased by increasing the additive concentration. The %Dr was found to increase by increasing Re by using the water-soluble additive while it was found to decrease by increasing Re when using the oil-soluble additive. The %Dr was higher in the 0.0381 m ID pipe. Finally, the grafted and natural mucil-age showed high resistance to shear forces when circulated continuously for 200 s in the closed-loop system

  • Investigating the Degradation Resistance Improvement of Polymer Surfactant Complex Drag Reducing Agent
    Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
    Co-Authors: Hayder A. Abdulbari, Esmail Abdullah Mohammed Basheer, Ainoon Shabrin, Wafaa K. Mahmood
    Abstract:

    Polymers-Surfactant complex efficacy in Reducing the Drag is of an interest subject in Drag reduction research. Turbulent Drag reduction (DR) efficiency of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (NaPSS) sodium Alkylbenzene sulfonate complex was studied in a rotating disk apparatus. The solution complex was prepared by varying the concentration of the polymer between 100 to 1200 ppm and the surfactant between 100 to 700ppm. Measurement of torque values were recorded for each sample. The NaPSS (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfante) was found to have an ability to reduce the Drag in the turbulent flow. A significant improvement was recorded for the addition of tiny amount of surfactant to the polymer system compare to the pure polymer Drag reduction. At high surfactant concentration, it was found that the polymer Drag ability decrease. The polymer was degraded when it is subjected to a high shear stress. The degredation resistance was increased by the addation of the surfactant to the polymer solution at concentration range of 100ppm to 400ppm of surfactant.

  • Rheology Charactrization of Drag Reducing Agents
    2015
    Co-Authors: Mahrokh Avazpour, Hayder A. Abdulbari
    Abstract:

    Transportation of liquids through pipelines is considered as one of the high energy dissipation sources in the industry due to the turbulent flow of transportation [1-4]. Several attempts are spotted in the literatures introducing different techniques to reduce the energy dissipation in pipelines. Generally, these techniques can be classified into two major categories namely, Passive and Active. Mostly, Passive Drag reduction techniques uses riblets, dimples, wavy and oscillating walls, compliant surfaces and micro-bubbles and these techniques do not need the additives (5, 6]. Active techniques were the first and most common solution for Drag reduction with operation of a minute concentration of an additive or Drag Reducing Agent (DRA) into the transported liquid. A DRA can be generally selected from suspended solids, polymers and surfactants (7-11].

  • Polymer-Surfactants Physiochemical Interaction for Enhancing the Flow and Mechanical Characteristics of Polymeric Drag Reducing Agent
    2014
    Co-Authors: Akindoyo Edward Oluwasoga, Hayder A. Abdulbari
    Abstract:

    Frictional pressure in turbulent flows attributed to pipes and eddies interaction are great challenges that increase coast of transporting liquids in pipelines since high rate of energy is consumed, often prevented in many ways such as polymeric additives introduced in low concentrations, but degrade over critical shear stress for their high molecular weight and long chain, surfactants are introduced to form complexes with the polymer to generating threadlike self repairing micelles if cationic surfactants with organic salts, could yield greater Drag reduction since the ions are capable of entangling strongly to the micellar structures formed at low concentration (1mM). In this present work, catonic benzalkonium chloride surfactant, its sodium salicylate counterion with droplets of alcohol was mixed with non ionic polyacrylamide polymer, varied concentrations of surfactants, polymers and their complex mixtures were prepared, to investigate their physiochemical behaviors and Drag reduction in Brookfield Viscometer and rotating disk apparatus at 3000 maximum rpm respectively. 47% Drag reduction was observed where complex mixtures gave better performance than individual materials. Although the micellar aggregates formed degraded after a period of time which was partly repaired but longer Drag reduction was observed confirming the critical role by the complex mixtures.

  • A new natural Drag Reducing Agent
    2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012
    Co-Authors: Hayder A. Abdulbari, Rosli Mohd Yunus, Nor'aqilah Norahzan
    Abstract:

    Drag reduction Agents are commonly used to prevent the energy losses during transportation in oil pipelines conduits, oil well operations and transport of suspensions and slurries. In this work, Basella Alba L as a new natural flow improver in pipelines is introduced. The effects of new natural Drag reduction were tested using a transparent polyvinyl chloride closed loop fluids circulation system. The experimental work was carried out in a horizontal 1.5 inch (0.038m) pipe. The difference in addition concentration and liquid flow rate are the primary variables investigated in order to get the efficiency of Basella Alba L as natural Drag reducer Agents. From the experimental data, % DR is calculated. The injection of Basella Alba — natural mucilage into the water flowing produced a maximum Drag reduction about 78.33% with concentration 1000 ppm. The results showed the new flow improver has potential in order to reduce the frictional pressure drop along the pipeline's length.