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Robin B. Gasser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Semi-nested PCR for the specific detection of Habronema microstoma or Habronema muscae DNA in horse faeces.
Parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Donato Traversa, Annunziata Giangaspero, Raffaella Iorio, Domenico Otranto, Barbara Paoletti, Robin B. GasserAbstract:SUMMARY Habronema microstoma and Habronema muscae (Spirurida: Habronematidae) are parasitic nematodes which infect thestomach and/or skin of equids. The accurate diagnosis of gastric habronemosis is central to studying its epidemiology, butdataonitsdistributionandprevalencearelacking,mainlyduetothelimitationsofclinicalandcoprologicaldiagnosisinlivehorses. To overcome this constraint, a two-step, semi-nested PCR-based assay was validated (utilizing genetic markers inthenuclearribosomalDNA)forthespecificamplification ofH.microstomaorH.muscaeDNAfromthefaecesfromhorses(n=46) whose gastrointestinal parasite status had been determined at autopsy and whose faeces were examined previouslyusing a conventional parasitological approach. Of these horses examined at autopsy, some harboured adults of either H.microstoma (n=19) or H. muscae (n=4), and others (n=7) harboured both species. Most of them were also infected withother parasites, including strongylid nematodes (subfamilies Cyathostominae and Strongylinae), bots and/or cestodes;there was no evidence of metazoan parasites in 2 horses. Larvated spirurid eggs were detected in the faeces of 1 of the 30horses (3.3%) shown to be infected with Habronema at autopsy. For this set of 46 samples, the PCR assay achieved adiagnosticspecificityof100%andasensitivityofy97%(beingabletospecificallydetectaslittleasy0.02 fgofHabronemaDNA). The specificity of the assay was also tested using a panel of control DNA samples representing horse, the gastricspirurid Draschia megastoma and 26 other species of parasites from the alimentary tract of the horse. H. microstoma, H.muscae and D. megastoma could be readily differentiated from one another based on the sizes of their specific amplicons inthe PCR. The results of this study showed that the performance of the PCR for the diagnosis of gastric habronemosis wassimilartothatofautopsybutsubstantiallybetterthanthetraditionalcoprologicalexaminationprocedureused.Theabilityto specifically diagnose gastric habronemosis in equids should have important implications for investigating the epi-demiology and ecology of H. microstoma and H. muscae.Key words: coprological diagnosis, epidemiology, horse, Habronema microstoma, Habronema muscae, second internaltranscribed spacer of ribosomal DNA, semi-nested PCR.
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The prevalence and epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of horses in Victoria, Australia.
International journal for parasitology, 1995Co-Authors: D.g. Bucknell, Robin B. Gasser, Ian BeveridgeAbstract:A quantitative post mortem study of 150 horses from Victoria was conducted to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites. A total of 42 species of metazoan parasite was found. The following species of non-cyathostome parasite were found (% prevalence): Trichostrongylus axei (51%); Habronema muscae (13%); H. majus (2%); Draschia megastoma (5%); Gasterophilus intestinalis (81%); G. nasalis (29%); Parascaris equorum (5%); Anoplocephala perfoliata (29%); Fasciola hepatics (0.7%); Oxyaris equi (7%); Strongylus vulgaris (23%); S. edentatus (23%); S. equinus (3%); Craterostemum acuticaudatum (7%); Triodontophorus serratus (8%); T. tenuicollis (8%); T. brevicauda (3%). Ninety-five per cent of horses were infected with gut-wall encysted stages of cyathostomes with a mean intemity of 113,000 larvae per horse. Ninety-three per cent of all horses harboured adult cyathostome worms; 24 species representing 6 genera were found. The 3 most prevalent species were Cylicostephamus longiburstatus (76%); Cyathestomem catinatum (68%) and Cylicocyclus nassatus (54%). Seventeen species of strongyle were present in high abundance, which allowed their site distribution in the large intestine to be determined. Twelve species preferred the large colon to the small colon and caecum, and the remaining 5 species preferred the caecum. Statistical analysis of the parasitological data set allowed effects of sex, age, type, and physical condition of the horse as well as the season and environment on the prevalence and mean intensity of infection to be determined.
Donato Traversa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cutaneous and pulmonal habronemosis transmitted by Musca domestica in a stable in the United Arab Emirates.
Veterinary parasitology, 2010Co-Authors: Rolf K Schuster, Saritha Sivakumar, Jörg Kinne, Heitham Babiker, Donato Traversa, Gerald R BuzzellAbstract:Nematode larvae found in histological cuts of lung tissue of a horse from a farm in Al Dhaid (UAE) were determined to belong to the Habronematidae family. The clinical examination of the other 18 horses present in the farm revealed summer sores (cutaneous habronemosis) in two stallions. Nematode larvae were found in 147 (=26.2%) out of 561 male but only in 64 (=8.7%) out of 739 female Musca domestica caught at the farm in November and December 2008. Conversely, all 15 Stomoxys calcitrans specimens caught in the farm resulted negative for nematode larvae. The housefly population caught in the barn showed a prevalence of 20.9% with nematode larvae, while flies trapped outside the building on the territory of the farm had a much lower prevalence of 1.1%. The intensity of infection varied between one and 29 larvae per head. Larvae retrieved at the fly dissection were subjected to a ribosomal DNA-targeting semi-nested PCR protocol able to discriminate among the three nematode species Habronema muscae, Habronema microstoma, and Draschia megastoma. The larvae were identified to be H. muscae.
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Semi-nested PCR for the specific detection of Habronema microstoma or Habronema muscae DNA in horse faeces.
Parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Donato Traversa, Annunziata Giangaspero, Raffaella Iorio, Domenico Otranto, Barbara Paoletti, Robin B. GasserAbstract:SUMMARY Habronema microstoma and Habronema muscae (Spirurida: Habronematidae) are parasitic nematodes which infect thestomach and/or skin of equids. The accurate diagnosis of gastric habronemosis is central to studying its epidemiology, butdataonitsdistributionandprevalencearelacking,mainlyduetothelimitationsofclinicalandcoprologicaldiagnosisinlivehorses. To overcome this constraint, a two-step, semi-nested PCR-based assay was validated (utilizing genetic markers inthenuclearribosomalDNA)forthespecificamplification ofH.microstomaorH.muscaeDNAfromthefaecesfromhorses(n=46) whose gastrointestinal parasite status had been determined at autopsy and whose faeces were examined previouslyusing a conventional parasitological approach. Of these horses examined at autopsy, some harboured adults of either H.microstoma (n=19) or H. muscae (n=4), and others (n=7) harboured both species. Most of them were also infected withother parasites, including strongylid nematodes (subfamilies Cyathostominae and Strongylinae), bots and/or cestodes;there was no evidence of metazoan parasites in 2 horses. Larvated spirurid eggs were detected in the faeces of 1 of the 30horses (3.3%) shown to be infected with Habronema at autopsy. For this set of 46 samples, the PCR assay achieved adiagnosticspecificityof100%andasensitivityofy97%(beingabletospecificallydetectaslittleasy0.02 fgofHabronemaDNA). The specificity of the assay was also tested using a panel of control DNA samples representing horse, the gastricspirurid Draschia megastoma and 26 other species of parasites from the alimentary tract of the horse. H. microstoma, H.muscae and D. megastoma could be readily differentiated from one another based on the sizes of their specific amplicons inthe PCR. The results of this study showed that the performance of the PCR for the diagnosis of gastric habronemosis wassimilartothatofautopsybutsubstantiallybetterthanthetraditionalcoprologicalexaminationprocedureused.Theabilityto specifically diagnose gastric habronemosis in equids should have important implications for investigating the epi-demiology and ecology of H. microstoma and H. muscae.Key words: coprological diagnosis, epidemiology, horse, Habronema microstoma, Habronema muscae, second internaltranscribed spacer of ribosomal DNA, semi-nested PCR.
Ryan O’handley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Systematic review of gastrointestinal nematodes of horses from Australia
Parasites & Vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Muhammad A. Saeed, Ian Beveridge, Ghazanfar Abbas, Anne Beasley, Jenni Bauquier, Edwina Wilkes, Caroline Jacobson, Kris J. Hughes, Charles El-hage, Ryan O’handleyAbstract:Background Equine gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) have been the subject of intermittent studies in Australia over the past few decades. However, comprehensive information on the epidemiology of equine GINs, the efficacy of available anthelmintic drugs and the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in Australasia is lacking. Herein, we have systematically reviewed existing knowledge on the horse GINs recorded in Australia, and main aspects of their pathogeneses, epidemiology, diagnoses, treatment and control. Methods Six electronic databases were searched for publications on GINs of Australian horses that met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Subsets of publications were subjected to review epidemiology, diagnoses, pathogeneses, treatment and control of GINs of horses from Australia. Results A total of 51 articles published between 1950 to 2018 were included. The main GINs reported in Australian horses were cyathostomins (at least 28 species), Draschia megastoma , Habronema muscae , H. majus , Oxyuris equi , Parascaris equorum , Strongyloides westeri and Trichostrongylus axei across different climatic regions of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia. Nematodes are diagnosed based on the traditional McMaster egg counting technique, though molecular markers to characterise common GINs of equines were characterised in 1990s. The use of anthelmintic drugs remains the most widely-used strategy for controlling equine GIN parasites in Australia; however, the threshold of faecal egg count that should trigger treatment in horses, remains controversial. Furthermore, anthelmintic resistance within GIN population of horses is becoming a common problem in Australia. Conclusions Although GINs infecting Australian horses have been the subject of occasional studies over the past few decades, the effective control of GIN infections is hampered by a generalised lack of knowledge in various disciplines of equine parasitology. Therefore, coordinated and focused research is required to fill our knowledge gaps in these areas to maximise equine health and minimise economic losses associated with the parasitic infections in Australia.
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Systematic review of gastrointestinal nematodes of horses from Australia
Parasites & Vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Muhammad A. Saeed, Ian Beveridge, Ghazanfar Abbas, Anne Beasley, Jenni Bauquier, Edwina Wilkes, Caroline Jacobson, Kris J. Hughes, Charles El-hage, Ryan O’handleyAbstract:Background Equine gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) have been the subject of intermittent studies in Australia over the past few decades. However, comprehensive information on the epidemiology of equine GINs, the efficacy of available anthelmintic drugs and the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in Australasia is lacking. Herein, we have systematically reviewed existing knowledge on the horse GINs recorded in Australia, and main aspects of their pathogeneses, epidemiology, diagnoses, treatment and control. Methods Six electronic databases were searched for publications on GINs of Australian horses that met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Subsets of publications were subjected to review epidemiology, diagnoses, pathogeneses, treatment and control of GINs of horses from Australia. Results A total of 51 articles published between 1950 to 2018 were included. The main GINs reported in Australian horses were cyathostomins (at least 28 species), Draschia megastoma , Habronema muscae , H. majus , Oxyuris equi , Parascaris equorum , Strongyloides westeri and Trichostrongylus axei across different climatic regions of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia. Nematodes are diagnosed based on the traditional McMaster egg counting technique, though molecular markers to characterise common GINs of equines were characterised in 1990s. The use of anthelmintic drugs remains the most widely-used strategy for controlling equine GIN parasites in Australia; however, the threshold of faecal egg count that should trigger treatment in horses, remains controversial. Furthermore, anthelmintic resistance within GIN population of horses is becoming a common problem in Australia. Conclusions Although GINs infecting Australian horses have been the subject of occasional studies over the past few decades, the effective control of GIN infections is hampered by a generalised lack of knowledge in various disciplines of equine parasitology. Therefore, coordinated and focused research is required to fill our knowledge gaps in these areas to maximise equine health and minimise economic losses associated with the parasitic infections in Australia.
Saritha Sivakumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A xenodiagnostic method using Musca domestica for the diagnosis of gastric habronemosis and examining the anthelmintic efficacy of moxidectin.
Veterinary parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Rolf K Schuster, Saritha SivakumarAbstract:Abstract Equine habronematidosis has a global distribution and is caused by three spirurid species, Habronema muscae , Habronema microstoma and Draschia megastoma . A case of cutaneous habronematidosis in a stallion in a stable in Dubai, UAE gave occasion to investigate the parasite situation on the farm. Patent H. muscae infections were diagnosed in 18 out of 49 horses in a stable in Dubai, UAE with a xenodiagnostic test using houseflies as indicator host. All horses in the stable were treated with a single dose of moxidectin administered orally as 2% gel in a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg body weight and the efficacy of this targeted treatment was studied. Habronema infection was terminated in all horses. A fly survey conducted at the farm prior and after treatment revealed two muscid species: Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans . Only M. domestica caught at the farm showed a natural infection with Habronema larvae prior and shortly after anthelmintic treatment. Later, examination of flies caught at the farm in monthly intervals up to the end of observation (8 months after treatment) gave negative results. The absence of infection in the intermediate host was an indication of the eradication of stomach worms. The described xenodiagnostic test is a useful tool to diagnose H. muscae infections and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of nematocides in equines.
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Cutaneous and pulmonal habronemosis transmitted by Musca domestica in a stable in the United Arab Emirates.
Veterinary parasitology, 2010Co-Authors: Rolf K Schuster, Saritha Sivakumar, Jörg Kinne, Heitham Babiker, Donato Traversa, Gerald R BuzzellAbstract:Nematode larvae found in histological cuts of lung tissue of a horse from a farm in Al Dhaid (UAE) were determined to belong to the Habronematidae family. The clinical examination of the other 18 horses present in the farm revealed summer sores (cutaneous habronemosis) in two stallions. Nematode larvae were found in 147 (=26.2%) out of 561 male but only in 64 (=8.7%) out of 739 female Musca domestica caught at the farm in November and December 2008. Conversely, all 15 Stomoxys calcitrans specimens caught in the farm resulted negative for nematode larvae. The housefly population caught in the barn showed a prevalence of 20.9% with nematode larvae, while flies trapped outside the building on the territory of the farm had a much lower prevalence of 1.1%. The intensity of infection varied between one and 29 larvae per head. Larvae retrieved at the fly dissection were subjected to a ribosomal DNA-targeting semi-nested PCR protocol able to discriminate among the three nematode species Habronema muscae, Habronema microstoma, and Draschia megastoma. The larvae were identified to be H. muscae.
Rolf K Schuster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A xenodiagnostic method using Musca domestica for the diagnosis of gastric habronemosis and examining the anthelmintic efficacy of moxidectin.
Veterinary parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Rolf K Schuster, Saritha SivakumarAbstract:Abstract Equine habronematidosis has a global distribution and is caused by three spirurid species, Habronema muscae , Habronema microstoma and Draschia megastoma . A case of cutaneous habronematidosis in a stallion in a stable in Dubai, UAE gave occasion to investigate the parasite situation on the farm. Patent H. muscae infections were diagnosed in 18 out of 49 horses in a stable in Dubai, UAE with a xenodiagnostic test using houseflies as indicator host. All horses in the stable were treated with a single dose of moxidectin administered orally as 2% gel in a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg body weight and the efficacy of this targeted treatment was studied. Habronema infection was terminated in all horses. A fly survey conducted at the farm prior and after treatment revealed two muscid species: Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans . Only M. domestica caught at the farm showed a natural infection with Habronema larvae prior and shortly after anthelmintic treatment. Later, examination of flies caught at the farm in monthly intervals up to the end of observation (8 months after treatment) gave negative results. The absence of infection in the intermediate host was an indication of the eradication of stomach worms. The described xenodiagnostic test is a useful tool to diagnose H. muscae infections and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of nematocides in equines.
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Cutaneous and pulmonal habronemosis transmitted by Musca domestica in a stable in the United Arab Emirates.
Veterinary parasitology, 2010Co-Authors: Rolf K Schuster, Saritha Sivakumar, Jörg Kinne, Heitham Babiker, Donato Traversa, Gerald R BuzzellAbstract:Nematode larvae found in histological cuts of lung tissue of a horse from a farm in Al Dhaid (UAE) were determined to belong to the Habronematidae family. The clinical examination of the other 18 horses present in the farm revealed summer sores (cutaneous habronemosis) in two stallions. Nematode larvae were found in 147 (=26.2%) out of 561 male but only in 64 (=8.7%) out of 739 female Musca domestica caught at the farm in November and December 2008. Conversely, all 15 Stomoxys calcitrans specimens caught in the farm resulted negative for nematode larvae. The housefly population caught in the barn showed a prevalence of 20.9% with nematode larvae, while flies trapped outside the building on the territory of the farm had a much lower prevalence of 1.1%. The intensity of infection varied between one and 29 larvae per head. Larvae retrieved at the fly dissection were subjected to a ribosomal DNA-targeting semi-nested PCR protocol able to discriminate among the three nematode species Habronema muscae, Habronema microstoma, and Draschia megastoma. The larvae were identified to be H. muscae.
