The Experts below are selected from a list of 282 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Klaus Brun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gas Turbine Performance
2016Co-Authors: Rainer Kurz, Klaus BrunAbstract:Industrial gas turbines show performance characteristics that distinctly depend on ambient and operating conditions. They are not only influenced by site elevation, ambient temperature, and relative humidity, but also by the speed of the Driven Equipment, the fuel, and the load conditions. Proper application of gas turbines requires consideration of these factors. This tutorial explains these characteristics based on the performance of the engine compressor, the combustor and the turbine section, and certain control strategies. It introduces fundamental concepts that help to understand the flow of energy between the components. Additionally, methods are introduced that allow the use of data for trending and comparison purposes. The impact of component degradation on individual component performance, as well as overall engine performance is discussed, together with strategies to reduce the impact of degradation.
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Degradation in Gas Turbine Systems
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2000Co-Authors: Rainer Kurz, Klaus BrunAbstract:Any prime mover exhibits the effects of wear and tear over time. The problem of predicting the effects of wear and tear on the performance of any engine is still a matter of discussion. Because the function of a gas turbine is the result of the fine-tuned cooperation of many different components, the emphasis of this paper is on the gas turbine and its Driven Equipment (compressor or pump) as a system, rather than on isolated components. We will discuss the effect of degradation on the package as part of a complex system (e.g., a pipeline, a reinjection station, etc.). Treating the gas turbine package as a system reveals the effects of degradation on the match of the components as well as on the match with the Driven Equipment. This article will contribute insights into the problem of gas turbine systent degradation. Based on some detailed studies on the mechanisms that cause engine degradation, namely, changes in blade surfaces due to erosion or fouling, and the effect on the blade aerodynamics; changes in seal geometries and clearances, and the effect on parasitic flows; and changes in the combustion system (e.g., which result in different pattern factors), the effects of degradation will be discussed. The study includes a methodology to simulate the effects of engine and Driven Equipment degradation. With a relatively simple set of equations that describe the engine behavior, and a number of linear deviation factors which can easily be obtained from engine maps or test data, the Equipment behavior for various degrees of degradation will be studied. A second model, using a stage by stage model for the engine compressor, is used to model the compressor deterioration. The authors have avoided to present figures about the speed of degradation, because it is subject to a variety of operational and design factors that typically cannot be controlled entirely.
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Degradation in Gas Turbine Systems
Volume 2: Coal Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations, 2000Co-Authors: Rainer Kurz, Klaus BrunAbstract:Any prime mover exhibits the effects of wear and tear over time. The problem of predicting the effects of wear and tear on the performance of any engine is still a matter of discussion. Because the function of a gas turbine is the result of the fine tuned cooperation of many different components, the emphasis of this paper is on the gas turbine and its Driven Equipment (compressor or pump) as a system, rather than on isolated components. We will discuss the effect of degradation on the package as part of a complex system (e.g. a pipeline, a reinjection station, etc.).Treating the gas turbine package as a system reveals the effects of degradation on the match of the components as well as on the match with the Driven Equipment. This article will contribute insights into the problem of gas turbine system degradation. Based on some detailed studies on the mechanisms that cause engine degradation, namely- changes in blade surfaces due to erosion or fouling, and the effect on the blade aerodynamics;- changes in seal geometries and clearances, and the effect on parasitic flows,- changes in the combustion system (e.g. which result in different pattern factors),the effects of degradation will be discussed.The study includes a methodology to simulate the effects of engine and Driven Equipment degradation. With a relatively simple set of equations that describe the engine behavior, and a number of linear deviation factors, which can easily be obtained from engine maps or test data, the Equipment behavior for various degrees of degradation will be studied. A second model, using a stage by stage model for the engine compressor, is used to model the compressor deterioration. The authors have avoided to present figures about the speed of degradation, because it is subject to a variety of operational and design factors, that typically cannot be controlled entirely.© 2000 ASME
Anand Srinivasan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Review of Transient Electrical Upsets in Induction Motors and Their Effects on Centrifugal Compressors
Volume 8: 22nd Reliability Stress Analysis and Failure Prevention Conference; 25th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, 2013Co-Authors: Michael Moeller, Anand SrinivasanAbstract:For several decades in the process industry, critical plant operations demanding continuous run time have used high speed turbocompressors, most commonly Driven by induction motors. Transient disturbances, caused by grid and motor-terminal upsets, are common occurrences in three-phase induction motors. Such upsets can arise during start-up as well as steady state operating conditions, and can have an impact on the Driven Equipment. Common upset conditions include startup line bursts, voltage unbalances, two-phase & three-phase short circuits, and bus-transfers & reclosures. These transient upsets not only impact the motor, but also have a torsional influence on the motor-compressor drive-train. Understanding the significance of these upsets, and how it impacts the Driven Equipment is thus an important part of machinery design and the component selection process for centrifugal compressors. This paper presents a qualitative approach to analyzing these transient conditions arising from induction motors, and the resulting effects on Driven Equipment such as centrifugal compressors.As the compression industry continues to develop into a globally integrated market, it becomes even more important to understand these effects; to ensure that a consistent global strategy exists to control these upsets and to mitigate some of the ill-effects resulting from torsional bursts on the drive train. A review of the current industry standards and mitigation techniques has also been presented.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
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Analytical Investigation of the Effects of Induction Motor Transients on Compressor Drive Shafts
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2012Co-Authors: Anand SrinivasanAbstract:Abstract Centrifugal compressors Driven by induction motors are most common in the turbomachinery industry. When sudden transients occur in the driver due to upsets in electrical supply to the motor, the air-gap torque generated by the motor undergoes a transient spike. This in turn gets transmitted through the coupling to the drive-shaft of the Driven Equipment, causing momentary high spikes in vibration that are torsional in nature, and can sometimes result in shaft torques that can create catastrophic damage to Driven Equipment components. In order to analytically predict these peak torques that can occur during transients, a complete drive-train torsional model needs to be created for the mechanical system, and the driving torque values need to be derived from the motor electrical system of equations. Various line faults are possible with induction motor Driven Equipment. A generalized analytical procedure based on motor electrical parameters to predict the peak shaft torques of compressor drive shafts is investigated in this paper. The effects of shaft transients due to 3-phase short circuits and reclosures are analyzed. The simulation has been performed for an industrial compressor train, and has been presented from a mechanical system point of view, rather than electrical. Comparisons and inferences are also made based on the simulation results.
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Analytical Investigation of the Effects of Induction Motor Transients on Compressor Drive Shafts
Volume 6: Structures and Dynamics Parts A and B, 2011Co-Authors: Anand SrinivasanAbstract:Centrifugal compressors Driven by induction motors are most common in the turbomachinery industry. When sudden transients occur in the driver due to upsets in electrical supply to the motor, the air-gap torque generated by the motor undergoes a transient spike. This in turn gets transmitted through the coupling to the drive-shaft of the Driven Equipment, causing momentary high spikes in vibration that are torsional in nature, and can sometimes result in shaft torques that can create catastrophic damage to Driven Equipment components. In order to analytically predict these peak torques that can occur during transients, a complete drive-train torsional model needs to be created for the mechanical system, and the driving torque values need to be derived from the motor electrical system of equations. Various line faults are possible with induction motor Driven Equipment. A generalized analytical procedure based on motor electrical parameters to predict the peak shaft torques of compressor drive shafts is investigated in this paper. The effects of shaft transients due to 3-phase short circuits and reclosures are analyzed. The simulation has been performed for an industrial compressor train, and has been presented from a mechanical system point of view, rather than electrical. Comparisons and inferences are also made based on the simulation results.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Rainer Kurz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gas Turbine Performance
2016Co-Authors: Rainer Kurz, Klaus BrunAbstract:Industrial gas turbines show performance characteristics that distinctly depend on ambient and operating conditions. They are not only influenced by site elevation, ambient temperature, and relative humidity, but also by the speed of the Driven Equipment, the fuel, and the load conditions. Proper application of gas turbines requires consideration of these factors. This tutorial explains these characteristics based on the performance of the engine compressor, the combustor and the turbine section, and certain control strategies. It introduces fundamental concepts that help to understand the flow of energy between the components. Additionally, methods are introduced that allow the use of data for trending and comparison purposes. The impact of component degradation on individual component performance, as well as overall engine performance is discussed, together with strategies to reduce the impact of degradation.
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Degradation in Gas Turbine Systems
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2000Co-Authors: Rainer Kurz, Klaus BrunAbstract:Any prime mover exhibits the effects of wear and tear over time. The problem of predicting the effects of wear and tear on the performance of any engine is still a matter of discussion. Because the function of a gas turbine is the result of the fine-tuned cooperation of many different components, the emphasis of this paper is on the gas turbine and its Driven Equipment (compressor or pump) as a system, rather than on isolated components. We will discuss the effect of degradation on the package as part of a complex system (e.g., a pipeline, a reinjection station, etc.). Treating the gas turbine package as a system reveals the effects of degradation on the match of the components as well as on the match with the Driven Equipment. This article will contribute insights into the problem of gas turbine systent degradation. Based on some detailed studies on the mechanisms that cause engine degradation, namely, changes in blade surfaces due to erosion or fouling, and the effect on the blade aerodynamics; changes in seal geometries and clearances, and the effect on parasitic flows; and changes in the combustion system (e.g., which result in different pattern factors), the effects of degradation will be discussed. The study includes a methodology to simulate the effects of engine and Driven Equipment degradation. With a relatively simple set of equations that describe the engine behavior, and a number of linear deviation factors which can easily be obtained from engine maps or test data, the Equipment behavior for various degrees of degradation will be studied. A second model, using a stage by stage model for the engine compressor, is used to model the compressor deterioration. The authors have avoided to present figures about the speed of degradation, because it is subject to a variety of operational and design factors that typically cannot be controlled entirely.
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Degradation in Gas Turbine Systems
Volume 2: Coal Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations, 2000Co-Authors: Rainer Kurz, Klaus BrunAbstract:Any prime mover exhibits the effects of wear and tear over time. The problem of predicting the effects of wear and tear on the performance of any engine is still a matter of discussion. Because the function of a gas turbine is the result of the fine tuned cooperation of many different components, the emphasis of this paper is on the gas turbine and its Driven Equipment (compressor or pump) as a system, rather than on isolated components. We will discuss the effect of degradation on the package as part of a complex system (e.g. a pipeline, a reinjection station, etc.).Treating the gas turbine package as a system reveals the effects of degradation on the match of the components as well as on the match with the Driven Equipment. This article will contribute insights into the problem of gas turbine system degradation. Based on some detailed studies on the mechanisms that cause engine degradation, namely- changes in blade surfaces due to erosion or fouling, and the effect on the blade aerodynamics;- changes in seal geometries and clearances, and the effect on parasitic flows,- changes in the combustion system (e.g. which result in different pattern factors),the effects of degradation will be discussed.The study includes a methodology to simulate the effects of engine and Driven Equipment degradation. With a relatively simple set of equations that describe the engine behavior, and a number of linear deviation factors, which can easily be obtained from engine maps or test data, the Equipment behavior for various degrees of degradation will be studied. A second model, using a stage by stage model for the engine compressor, is used to model the compressor deterioration. The authors have avoided to present figures about the speed of degradation, because it is subject to a variety of operational and design factors, that typically cannot be controlled entirely.© 2000 ASME
N. M. Burstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of valve actuator motor rotor degradation by Fourier analysis of current waveform
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1992Co-Authors: John D. Kueck, J. C. Criscoe, N. M. BursteinAbstract:The authors present a test report of a motor diagnostic system which uses Fourier analysis of the motor current waveform to detect broken rotor bars in the motor or defects in the Driven Equipment. The test was conducted on a valve actuator motor driving a valve actuator which was in turn driving a dynamometer to measure the actuator torque output. The motor was gradually degraded by open circuiting rotor bars. The test confirmed the efficacy of the waveform analysis method for assessing motor rotor degradation, and also provided data regarding the change in the waveform characteristics as motor rotors were gradually degraded to failure. >
B.j. Sauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Motor vibration problems — Understanding and identifying
2013 IEEE-IAS PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference, 2013Co-Authors: W.r. Finley, M. Loutfi, B.j. SauerAbstract:Vibration problems in large induction motors can be extremely frustrating and may lead to greatly reduced motor reliability. It is imperative, in all production operations that downtime be avoided or minimized. If a motor problem does occur, the source of the problem needs to be promptly identified and corrected. With proper knowledge of the sources of motor vibration, proper vibration measurement and diagnostic procedures, it is possible to more quickly identify the root cause of motor vibration. This paper intends to assist the operators of cement plants in avoiding erroneous conclusions that may be reached as a consequence of not understanding the root cause of the vibration; conclusions that may result in trying to fix an incorrectly diagnosed problem, wasting time and money in the process. By utilizing the proper data collection and analysis techniques, the true source of the vibration can be more accurately determined: This analysis includes, but is not limited to vibration related to: · Electrical imbalance - stator, rotor bar · Mechanical unbalance - rotor, coupling, Driven Equipment · Resonance and critical speeds · Mechanical effects - looseness, rubbing, bearings · External effects - base, Driven Equipment, misalignment. This paper includes a diagnostic guide (Table I) listing of the causes of electrically and mechanically induced vibrations in large motors, along with the characteristics of these vibrations. In addition, a field example is provided from a cement plant facility wherein a vibration problem was discovered, the root cause was determined and the vibration issue was solved.
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Selection of AC Induction Motors for Cement Plant Applications
2008 IEEE Cement Industry Technical Conference Record, 2008Co-Authors: B.j. SauerAbstract:In cement plants, proper specification and supply of AC induction motors is critical to project schedules and providing efficient production. This paper focuses on the selection of AC induction motors for cement mill applications, with reference to fan, kiln and vertical mill applications. The criteria for motor selection includes: operating conditions, Driven Equipment starting requirements (including the used of adjustable speed drives), electrical specifications, mounting requirements, enclosure and bearing parameters and accessory Equipment needs.
