The Experts below are selected from a list of 23358 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter J Carrington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gender and age segregation and stratification in criminal collaborations
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2016Co-Authors: Peter J CarringtonAbstract:Assess gender and age segregation and stratification among co-offenders. The population comprises co-offenders aged 5–75 in police-reported co-offenses in Canada, 2006–2009. Segregation is indicated by observed and inbreeding homophily, measured with cross-tabulations and log-linear distance models. Stratification is assessed with elaborations by Crime type. Intersectionality of gender and age status is estimated with interaction terms in the log-linear models. Female and younger offenders are over-represented among co-offenders. Co-offending exhibits gender and age status homophily: same-gender dyads are approximately twice as frequent as mixed-gender, and same-age-status dyads are almost 7 times as frequent as mixed-age-status. Gender homophily varies by Crime type, being stronger in robbery, aggravated assault, common assault, and minor theft, and weaker in serious Drug Crime and homicide, and (especially) sex Crimes against children. Age homophily is strong in all types of Crime. Gender and age homophily have a negative interaction: dyads comprising a female child or youth and an adult male occur 1.4 times as frequently as predicted from the main effects of gender and age status. Female and younger offenders are not excluded from co-offending per se but, consistent with expectations from Blau’s (Inequality and heterogeneity. Free Press, New York, 1977) and Steffensmeier’s (Soc Forces 6:1010–1032, 1983) theories, they are segregated from co-offending with male and (especially) adult offenders. There was limited evidence of gender stratification, and no evidence of age stratification. The interaction of gender and age status in the segregation and stratification of co-offending attenuates their individual effects, contrary to expectations from feminist intersectionality theory and consistent with Blau’s (1977) theory.
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Gender and Age Segregation and Stratification in Criminal Collaborations
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2016Co-Authors: Peter J CarringtonAbstract:Objectives Assess gender and age segregation and stratification among co-offenders. Methods The population comprises co-offenders aged 5–75 in police-reported co-offenses in Canada, 2006–2009. Segregation is indicated by observed and inbreeding homophily, measured with cross-tabulations and log-linear distance models. Stratification is assessed with elaborations by Crime type. Intersectionality of gender and age status is estimated with interaction terms in the log-linear models. Results Female and younger offenders are over-represented among co-offenders. Co-offending exhibits gender and age status homophily: same-gender dyads are approximately twice as frequent as mixed-gender, and same-age-status dyads are almost 7 times as frequent as mixed-age-status. Gender homophily varies by Crime type, being stronger in robbery, aggravated assault, common assault, and minor theft, and weaker in serious Drug Crime and homicide, and (especially) sex Crimes against children. Age homophily is strong in all types of Crime. Gender and age homophily have a negative interaction: dyads comprising a female child or youth and an adult male occur 1.4 times as frequently as predicted from the main effects of gender and age status. Conclusions Female and younger offenders are not excluded from co-offending per se but, consistent with expectations from Blau’s (Inequality and heterogeneity. Free Press, New York, 1977 ) and Steffensmeier’s (Soc Forces 6:1010–1032, 1983 ) theories, they are segregated from co-offending with male and (especially) adult offenders. There was limited evidence of gender stratification, and no evidence of age stratification. The interaction of gender and age status in the segregation and stratification of co-offending attenuates their individual effects, contrary to expectations from feminist intersectionality theory and consistent with Blau’s ( 1977 ) theory.
David Hemenway - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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urban building demolitions firearm violence and Drug Crime
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Jonathan Jay, Luke Miratrix, Charles C Branas, Marc A Zimmerman, David HemenwayAbstract:Although multiple interventions to remediate physical blight have been found to reduce urban firearm violence, there is limited evidence for demolishing vacant buildings as a violence reduction strategy. Starting in 2014, Detroit, MI launched a large-scale program that demolished over 10,000 buildings in its first 3 years. We analyzed the pre-post effects of this program on fatal and nonfatal firearm assaults and illegal Drug violations at the U.S. Census block group level, using propensity score matching and negative binomial regression. Receiving over 5 demolitions was associated with a 11% reduction in firearm assaults, relative to comparable control locations, 95% CI [7%, 15%], p = 0.01. The program was associated with larger reductions in firearm assaults for the locations receiving moderate numbers of demolitions (between 6 and 12) than for locations receiving high numbers of demolitions (13 and over). No effects were observed for illegal Drug violations and no evidence of spatial Crime displacement was detected. These findings suggest that vacant building demolitions may affect gun violence.
Toby Seddon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drugs, Crime and social exclusion: social context and social theory in British Drugs-Crime research
The British Journal of Criminology, 2005Co-Authors: Toby SeddonAbstract:The association between Drugs and Crime is one of the central concerns of contemporary British Drugs research and policy. Another major concern in recent years has been the clustering together of the most serious problems of Drugs and Crime in neighbourhoods already experiencing multiple social and economic difficulties. This paper seeks, first of all, to re-situate the Drug-Crime nexus in its full social context in order to provide a new perspective on these two key aspects of the British Drug problem today. In doing so, the analysis raises in applied form some important issues in criminological theory and the paper attempts, secondly, to make a contribution to these theoretical debates.
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explaining the Drug Crime link theoretical policy and research issues
Journal of Social Policy, 2000Co-Authors: Toby SeddonAbstract:The belief that Drug addiction is the motor behind much property Crime has been a key part of recent UK Drug policy. Review of the literature shows that the empirical evidence does not support this view. It also demonstrates that the fundamental weakness of existing research is its failure to address the question of causality properly, relying mainly on uni-directional mechanistic ‘cause-and-effect’ models. It is suggested that the Drug–Crime link needs to be conceived in the context of the interaction and inter-relation of a range of factors operating at different levels and as part of a set of complex processes. The implications for policy are that a reliance on improving access to treatment is likely to be of limited effectiveness in reducing Drug-related Crime and that an emphasis on tackling social exclusion may be more fruitful. Future research needs to explore further the notion of causality outlined in this paper. It must also examine emerging patterns of polyDrug use and look at minority ethnic groups and women.
Anthony J Luongo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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police officers on Drug corners in philadelphia Drug Crime and violent Crime intended diffusion and displacement impacts
Justice Quarterly, 2005Co-Authors: Brian Lawton, Ralph B Taylor, Anthony J LuongoAbstract:On May 1, 2002, the Philadelphia Police Department launched Operation Safe Streets, stationing officers at 214 of the highest Drug activity locations in the city 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Interrupted time series (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) models on weekly data isolated citywide and local program impacts on all violent Crimes, murder, and reported Drug Crimes. Results showed no significant impacts on citywide weekly counts for Drug Crimes, homicides, or all violent Crimes. Geographically focused analyses showed significant localized intervention impacts for both violent and Drug Crimes. Analyses of high‐Drug‐activity non‐intervention sites suggest: the program impacts seen were not an artifact of history or local history; significant spatial diffusion of preventive benefits for violent Crime; and probably significant spatial displacement for Drug Crime. Stationary targeted Drug‐enforcement interventions like Operation Safe Streets may differentially affect the locational selection proc...
Jonathan Jay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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urban building demolitions firearm violence and Drug Crime
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Jonathan Jay, Luke Miratrix, Charles C Branas, Marc A Zimmerman, David HemenwayAbstract:Although multiple interventions to remediate physical blight have been found to reduce urban firearm violence, there is limited evidence for demolishing vacant buildings as a violence reduction strategy. Starting in 2014, Detroit, MI launched a large-scale program that demolished over 10,000 buildings in its first 3 years. We analyzed the pre-post effects of this program on fatal and nonfatal firearm assaults and illegal Drug violations at the U.S. Census block group level, using propensity score matching and negative binomial regression. Receiving over 5 demolitions was associated with a 11% reduction in firearm assaults, relative to comparable control locations, 95% CI [7%, 15%], p = 0.01. The program was associated with larger reductions in firearm assaults for the locations receiving moderate numbers of demolitions (between 6 and 12) than for locations receiving high numbers of demolitions (13 and over). No effects were observed for illegal Drug violations and no evidence of spatial Crime displacement was detected. These findings suggest that vacant building demolitions may affect gun violence.
