The Experts below are selected from a list of 9 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
R H Finnell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Teratology: general considerations and principles.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1999Co-Authors: R H FinnellAbstract:Approximately 3% to 5% of children born in the United States manifest developmental defects. Between 2% and 3% of these birth defects can be classified as teratogen-Induced Malformations, which result from environmental or iatrogenic exposures during pregnancy. The final manifestations of Drug-Induced abnormal development can be death, Malformation, growth retardation, or functional disorder. In considering the potential teratogenic effects of Drugs, it is important to remember that susceptibility to a Drug-Induced Malformation depends on: (1) the genotype of the conceptus, (2) the developmental stage at which exposure occurs, (3) the mechanisms of action of the Drug, (4) the access of the Drug to developing tissues, and (5) the dose of the Drug. Nearly all teratogen-Induced birth defects are preventable if the dose-response relationship for teratogen exposure and the teratogenic activity of the Drug can be clearly defined.
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Teratology: General considerations and principles
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1999Co-Authors: R H FinnellAbstract:Abstract Approximately 3% to 5% of children born in the United States manifest developmental defects. Between 2% and 3% of these birth defects can be classified as teratogen-Induced Malformations, which result from environmental or iatrogenic exposures during pregnancy. The final manifestations of Drug-Induced abnormal development can be death, Malformation, growth retardation, or functional disorder. In considering the potential teratogenic effects of Drugs, it is important to remember that susceptibility to a Drug-Induced Malformation depends on: (1) the genotype of the conceptus, (2) the developmental stage at which exposure occurs, (3) the mechanisms of action of the Drug, (4) the access of the Drug to developing tissues, and (5) the dose of the Drug. Nearly all teratogen-Induced birth defects are preventable if the dose-response relationship for teratogen exposure and the teratogenic activity of the Drug can be clearly defined. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:S337-42.)
Marilynn C. Frederiksen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine - 79 – Consideration for the Use of Therapeutic Drugs During Pregnancy and the Perinatal Period
Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Marilynn C. FrederiksenAbstract:During pregnancy, physiologic changes occur in the woman's body, which potentially can alter the way in which Drugs are handled. A few pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic, or clinical trials are conducted during pregnancy because of concerns for fetal safety. The risk most commonly considered is the fetal risk of teratogenesis or Drug-Induced Malformation. Maternal physiologic changes occur during gestation to accommodate fetal growth and development. This altered maternal physiology has the potential to affect the PK of Drugs. These changes may increase Drug distribution volume, decrease Drug binding to plasma proteins, alter peak Drug concentration and time to peak Drug concentration, and cause changes in hepatic and/or renal Drug clearance. Disregard of these changes in maternal physiology may affect Drug efficacy impacting maternal disease and potentially overall pregnancy outcome. The expanded age of reproduction coupled with pregnancy occurring later in life effectively increases the number of women who require Drug therapy for diseases present before pregnancy and who need to continue therapy during pregnancy. Adequate and well-studied therapies are needed to optimally treat pregnant women with underlying diseases.
