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Kare Molbak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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international salmonella typhimurium dT104 infections 1992 2001
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005Co-Authors: Morten Helms, Steen Ethelberg, Kare MolbakAbstract:The incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhimurium infections in humans, and in particular MDR definitive phage type 104 (dT104), has increased substantially in many countries in the last 2 decades, often associated with increased illness. To examine the magnitude of this problem, a survey was conducted among countries with available antimicrobial resistance or phage typing surveillance data. A total of 29, primarily industrialized, countries participated in the survey, which covered the years 1992–2001. Overall, the incidence of MDR S. Typhimurium and dT104 increased continuously during this period, although the problem affected primarily Europe and North America. The increase appeared to have peaked in the United Kingdom but not in other countries. Also, the incidence of quinolone-resistant S. Typhimurium was increasing. This survey implies that MDR S. Typhimurium constitutes an increasing public health problem in large parts of the world and emphasizes the importance of surveillance and control programs.
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an outbreak of multidrug resistant quinolone resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Kare Molbak, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Frank Moller Aarestrup, Jens Munk Ebbesen, Jorgen Engberg, Kai Frydendahl, Peter Gernersmidt, Andreas Petersen, Henrik Caspar WegenerAbstract:Background Food-borne salmonella infections have become a major problem in industrialized countries. The strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium known as definitive phage type 104 (dT104) is usually resistant to five drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. An increasing proportion of dT104 isolates also have reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Methods The Danish salmonella surveillance program determines the phage types of all typhimurium strains from the food chain, and in the case of suspected outbreaks, five-drug–resistant strains are characterized by molecular methods. All patients infected with five-drug–resistant typhimurium are interviewed to obtain clinical and epidemiologic data. In 1998, an outbreak of salmonella occurred, in which the strain of typhimurium dT104 was new to Denmark. We investigated this outbreak and report our findings here. Results Until 1997, dT104 infections made up less than 1 percent of all human salmonella infect...
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an outbreak of multidrug resistant quinolone resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Kare Molbak, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Frank Moller Aarestrup, Jens Munk Ebbesen, Jorgen Engberg, Kai Frydendahl, Peter Gernersmidt, Andreas Petersen, Henrik Caspar WegenerAbstract:BACKGROUND: Food-borne salmonella infections have become a major problem in industrialized countries. The strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium known as definitive phage type 104 (dT104) is usually resistant to five drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. An increasing proportion of dT104 isolates also have reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. METHODS: The Danish salmonella surveillance program determines the phage types of all typhimurium strains from the food chain, and in the case of suspected outbreaks, five-drug-resistant strains are characterized by molecular methods. All patients infected with five-drug-resistant typhimurium are interviewed to obtain clinical and epidemiologic data. In 1998, an outbreak of salmonella occurred, in which the strain of typhimurium dT104 was new to Denmark. We investigated this outbreak and report here our findings. RESULTS: Until 1997, dT104 infections made up less than 1 percent of all human salmonella infections. The strain isolated from patients in the first community outbreak of dT104 in Denmark, in 1998 was resistant to nalidixic acid and had reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. The outbreak included 25 culture-confirmed cases. Eleven patients were hospitalized, and two died. The molecular epidemiology and data from patients indicated that the primary source was a Danish swine herd. Furthermore, the investigation suggested reduced clinical effectiveness of treatment with fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation of an outbreak of dT104 documented the spread of quinolone-resistant bacteria from food animals to humans; this spread was associated with infections that were difficult to treat. Because of the increase in quinolone resistance in salmonella, the use of fluoroquinolones in food animals should be restricted.
Peter Gernersmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distribution of molecular subtypes within salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis phage type 4 and s typhimurium definitive phage type 104 in nine european countries 2000 2004 results of an international multi centre study
Epidemiology and Infection, 2006Co-Authors: A J Gatto, Tansy Peters, Jonathan Green, I S T Fisher, O N Gill, Sarah J Obrien, C Maguire, C Berghold, I Lederer, Peter GernersmidtAbstract:This study investigates the distribution of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles within Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4 and S . Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104, from cases of human infection in nine European countries from 2000 to 2004. Isolates were subtyped using standardized methods and gel images submitted by each participating country to the coordinating centre (Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, UK), where they were entered into a central database, developed within BioNumerics software, and designated using an agreed nomenclature. S . Enteritidis PT4 ( n =3637) was differentiated into 38 different profiles. Simpson's index of diversity ( D ) of profiles ranged from 0·2 to 0·4. Profile SENTXB.0001 represented at least 80% of all profiles in each country. S . Typhimurium dT104 ( n =1202) was differentiated into 28 different profile types. Simpson's D was at least 0·6 in all countries except in Austria and Italy. In both these countries over 74% of S . Typhimurium dT104 profiles were STYMXB.0013. Profile STYMXB.0061, was predominant in Denmark, Spain, Finland and England & Wales where it represented between 36% and 45% of profiles. Profile STYMXB.0001 represented nearly half of all profiles in Scotland and 23% in England & Wales. PFGE is proving useful for further discrimination within S . Enteritidis PT4 and S . Typhimurium dT104. Ascertainment of international outbreaks involving common serotypes and phage types may be increased by the timely pooling of PFGE profiles within a central database readily accessible to all participating countries.
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an outbreak of multidrug resistant quinolone resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Kare Molbak, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Frank Moller Aarestrup, Jens Munk Ebbesen, Jorgen Engberg, Kai Frydendahl, Peter Gernersmidt, Andreas Petersen, Henrik Caspar WegenerAbstract:Background Food-borne salmonella infections have become a major problem in industrialized countries. The strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium known as definitive phage type 104 (dT104) is usually resistant to five drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. An increasing proportion of dT104 isolates also have reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Methods The Danish salmonella surveillance program determines the phage types of all typhimurium strains from the food chain, and in the case of suspected outbreaks, five-drug–resistant strains are characterized by molecular methods. All patients infected with five-drug–resistant typhimurium are interviewed to obtain clinical and epidemiologic data. In 1998, an outbreak of salmonella occurred, in which the strain of typhimurium dT104 was new to Denmark. We investigated this outbreak and report our findings here. Results Until 1997, dT104 infections made up less than 1 percent of all human salmonella infect...
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an outbreak of multidrug resistant quinolone resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Kare Molbak, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Frank Moller Aarestrup, Jens Munk Ebbesen, Jorgen Engberg, Kai Frydendahl, Peter Gernersmidt, Andreas Petersen, Henrik Caspar WegenerAbstract:BACKGROUND: Food-borne salmonella infections have become a major problem in industrialized countries. The strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium known as definitive phage type 104 (dT104) is usually resistant to five drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. An increasing proportion of dT104 isolates also have reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. METHODS: The Danish salmonella surveillance program determines the phage types of all typhimurium strains from the food chain, and in the case of suspected outbreaks, five-drug-resistant strains are characterized by molecular methods. All patients infected with five-drug-resistant typhimurium are interviewed to obtain clinical and epidemiologic data. In 1998, an outbreak of salmonella occurred, in which the strain of typhimurium dT104 was new to Denmark. We investigated this outbreak and report here our findings. RESULTS: Until 1997, dT104 infections made up less than 1 percent of all human salmonella infections. The strain isolated from patients in the first community outbreak of dT104 in Denmark, in 1998 was resistant to nalidixic acid and had reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. The outbreak included 25 culture-confirmed cases. Eleven patients were hospitalized, and two died. The molecular epidemiology and data from patients indicated that the primary source was a Danish swine herd. Furthermore, the investigation suggested reduced clinical effectiveness of treatment with fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation of an outbreak of dT104 documented the spread of quinolone-resistant bacteria from food animals to humans; this spread was associated with infections that were difficult to treat. Because of the increase in quinolone resistance in salmonella, the use of fluoroquinolones in food animals should be restricted.
Henrik Caspar Wegener - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an outbreak of multidrug resistant quinolone resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Kare Molbak, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Frank Moller Aarestrup, Jens Munk Ebbesen, Jorgen Engberg, Kai Frydendahl, Peter Gernersmidt, Andreas Petersen, Henrik Caspar WegenerAbstract:Background Food-borne salmonella infections have become a major problem in industrialized countries. The strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium known as definitive phage type 104 (dT104) is usually resistant to five drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. An increasing proportion of dT104 isolates also have reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Methods The Danish salmonella surveillance program determines the phage types of all typhimurium strains from the food chain, and in the case of suspected outbreaks, five-drug–resistant strains are characterized by molecular methods. All patients infected with five-drug–resistant typhimurium are interviewed to obtain clinical and epidemiologic data. In 1998, an outbreak of salmonella occurred, in which the strain of typhimurium dT104 was new to Denmark. We investigated this outbreak and report our findings here. Results Until 1997, dT104 infections made up less than 1 percent of all human salmonella infect...
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an outbreak of multidrug resistant quinolone resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Kare Molbak, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Frank Moller Aarestrup, Jens Munk Ebbesen, Jorgen Engberg, Kai Frydendahl, Peter Gernersmidt, Andreas Petersen, Henrik Caspar WegenerAbstract:BACKGROUND: Food-borne salmonella infections have become a major problem in industrialized countries. The strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium known as definitive phage type 104 (dT104) is usually resistant to five drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. An increasing proportion of dT104 isolates also have reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. METHODS: The Danish salmonella surveillance program determines the phage types of all typhimurium strains from the food chain, and in the case of suspected outbreaks, five-drug-resistant strains are characterized by molecular methods. All patients infected with five-drug-resistant typhimurium are interviewed to obtain clinical and epidemiologic data. In 1998, an outbreak of salmonella occurred, in which the strain of typhimurium dT104 was new to Denmark. We investigated this outbreak and report here our findings. RESULTS: Until 1997, dT104 infections made up less than 1 percent of all human salmonella infections. The strain isolated from patients in the first community outbreak of dT104 in Denmark, in 1998 was resistant to nalidixic acid and had reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. The outbreak included 25 culture-confirmed cases. Eleven patients were hospitalized, and two died. The molecular epidemiology and data from patients indicated that the primary source was a Danish swine herd. Furthermore, the investigation suggested reduced clinical effectiveness of treatment with fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation of an outbreak of dT104 documented the spread of quinolone-resistant bacteria from food animals to humans; this spread was associated with infections that were difficult to treat. Because of the increase in quinolone resistance in salmonella, the use of fluoroquinolones in food animals should be restricted.
Frederick J Angulo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104 isolated from humans united states 1985 1990 and 1995
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2002Co-Authors: Efrain M Ribot, Rachel K Wierzba, Frederick J Angulo, Timothy BarrettAbstract:First isolated from an ill person in 1985, multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium dT104 emerged in the mid-1990s as a strain of Salmonella frequently isolated from humans in the United States. We compared the integron content, plasmid profile, and XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium dT104 (MR-dT104) isolated from humans in the United States in 1985, 1990, and 1995. All isolates contained a 60-mDa plasmid and had indistinguishable PFGE and integron profiles, supporting the idea of a clonal relationship between recent and historical isolates. The data suggest that the widespread emergence of MR-dT104 in humans and animals in the 1990s may have been due to the dissemination of a strain already present in the United States rather than the introduction of a new strain. ach year, bacteria of the genus Salmonella infect an estimated 1.4 million persons; these infections result in several hundred deaths in the United States annually (1). One of the most common strains isolated from humans is multidrugresistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive type 104 (dT104). This strain was first isolated from humans in 1984 in the United Kingdom, where it emerged as a major cause of human illness in the late 1980s (2) before its emergence in the United States and elsewhere in the mid-1990s (3,4). A national sample, in which all state and territorial public health laboratories were asked to forward every 10th Salmonella isolate to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, showed that 275 (28%) of 975 S. Typhimurium isolates from humans in the United States in 1995 were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (R-type ACSSuT), the resistance pattern commonly associated with multidrug-resistant dT104 isolates (MRdT104). In contrast, only 8 (7%) of 108 S. Typhimurium isolates from humans in sentinel counties in 1990 and 7 (5%) of 135 in 1985 were R-type ACSSuT. An isolate collected in 1985 probably represents the earliest isolate of MR-dT104 in the United States. After emerging in the mid-1990s, MRdT104 has remained prevalent in the United States; in 1999, 114 (31%) of 362 human S. Typhimurium isolates received by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for Enteric Bacteria were R-type ACSSuT (NARMS 1999 Annual Report; http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ dbmd/narms). Since Typhimurium was the most common serotype of Salmonella in the United States in 1999, causing 25% of the culture-confirmed infections (CDC Salmonella Surveillance, 1999 Annual Summary; http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/phlisdata/salmtab/), MR-dT104 caused an esti
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emergence of multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104 infections in the united states
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1998Co-Authors: M K Glynn, C Bopp, W Dewitt, P Dabney, M Mokhtar, Frederick J AnguloAbstract:Background Strains of salmonella that are resistant to antimicrobial agents have become a worldwide health problem. A distinct strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, known as definitive type 104 (dT104), is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline and has become a major cause of illness in humans and animals in Europe, especially the United Kingdom. Methods To characterize typhimurium dT104 infections in the United States, we analyzed data collected by local and state health departments and public health laboratories between 1979 and 1996 in national surveys of the antimicrobial-drug resistance of salmonella. Selected typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance were phage typed. Results The prevalence of typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance increased from 0.6 percent in 1979–1980 to 34 percent in 1996. In 1994–1995, such isolates were identified in samples from 36 of the 46 surveillance sites (78 percent)...
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emergence of multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104 infections in the united states
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1998Co-Authors: M K Glynn, C Bopp, W Dewitt, P Dabney, M Mokhtar, Frederick J AnguloAbstract:Background Strains of salmonella that are resistant to antimicrobial agents have become a worldwide health problem. A distinct strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, known as definitive type 104 (dT104), is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline and has become a major cause of illness in humans and animals in Europe, especially the United Kingdom. Methods To characterize typhimurium dT104 infections in the United States, we analyzed data collected by local and state health departments and public health laboratories between 1979 and 1996 in national surveys of the antimicrobial-drug resistance of salmonella. Selected typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance were phage typed. Results The prevalence of typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance increased from 0.6 percent in 1979–1980 to 34 percent in 1996. In 1994–1995, such isolates were identified in samples from 36 of the 46 surveillance sites (78 percent)...
Frank Moller Aarestrup - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an outbreak of multidrug resistant quinolone resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Kare Molbak, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Frank Moller Aarestrup, Jens Munk Ebbesen, Jorgen Engberg, Kai Frydendahl, Peter Gernersmidt, Andreas Petersen, Henrik Caspar WegenerAbstract:Background Food-borne salmonella infections have become a major problem in industrialized countries. The strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium known as definitive phage type 104 (dT104) is usually resistant to five drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. An increasing proportion of dT104 isolates also have reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Methods The Danish salmonella surveillance program determines the phage types of all typhimurium strains from the food chain, and in the case of suspected outbreaks, five-drug–resistant strains are characterized by molecular methods. All patients infected with five-drug–resistant typhimurium are interviewed to obtain clinical and epidemiologic data. In 1998, an outbreak of salmonella occurred, in which the strain of typhimurium dT104 was new to Denmark. We investigated this outbreak and report our findings here. Results Until 1997, dT104 infections made up less than 1 percent of all human salmonella infect...
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an outbreak of multidrug resistant quinolone resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dT104
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Kare Molbak, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Frank Moller Aarestrup, Jens Munk Ebbesen, Jorgen Engberg, Kai Frydendahl, Peter Gernersmidt, Andreas Petersen, Henrik Caspar WegenerAbstract:BACKGROUND: Food-borne salmonella infections have become a major problem in industrialized countries. The strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium known as definitive phage type 104 (dT104) is usually resistant to five drugs: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. An increasing proportion of dT104 isolates also have reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. METHODS: The Danish salmonella surveillance program determines the phage types of all typhimurium strains from the food chain, and in the case of suspected outbreaks, five-drug-resistant strains are characterized by molecular methods. All patients infected with five-drug-resistant typhimurium are interviewed to obtain clinical and epidemiologic data. In 1998, an outbreak of salmonella occurred, in which the strain of typhimurium dT104 was new to Denmark. We investigated this outbreak and report here our findings. RESULTS: Until 1997, dT104 infections made up less than 1 percent of all human salmonella infections. The strain isolated from patients in the first community outbreak of dT104 in Denmark, in 1998 was resistant to nalidixic acid and had reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. The outbreak included 25 culture-confirmed cases. Eleven patients were hospitalized, and two died. The molecular epidemiology and data from patients indicated that the primary source was a Danish swine herd. Furthermore, the investigation suggested reduced clinical effectiveness of treatment with fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation of an outbreak of dT104 documented the spread of quinolone-resistant bacteria from food animals to humans; this spread was associated with infections that were difficult to treat. Because of the increase in quinolone resistance in salmonella, the use of fluoroquinolones in food animals should be restricted.
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characterisation of recently emerged multiple antibiotic resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dT104 and other multiresistant phage types from danish pig herds
Veterinary Record, 1998Co-Authors: Dorte Lau Baggesen, Frank Moller AarestrupAbstract:A total of 670 isolates of Salmonella enterica were isolated from Danish pig herds, phage typed and tested for susceptibility to amoxycillin + clavulanate, ampicillin, colistin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim + sulphadiazine. S enterica serovar typhimurium ( S typhimurium ) isolates resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline and three isolates of S typhimurium dT104, two from 1994 and one from 1995, were further tested for resistance against chloramphenicol and sulphonamide and analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the restriction enzyme Xba I. Overall, 66 per cent of the 670 isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobial agents tested. Eleven isolates of S typhimurium were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline and also resistant to other antibiotics in different resistance patterns. Seven different multiresistant clones were identified. The most common clones were four isolates of dT104 and three isolates of DT193. Two of the three S typhimurium dT104 from 1994 and 1995 were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested whereas the remaining isolate from 1994 was resistant to spectinomycin, streptomycin and sulphonamides. All three isolates showed PFGE profiles identical to the four multiresistant dT104 isolates. Compared with most other countries antimicrobial resistance among S enterica isolated from Danish pig herds is uncommon. However, several different multiresistant clones were found.
