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Parra, José Roberto Postali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dinâmica Populacional de Cyrtomon luridus Boheman (Coloptera: Curlionidae) em Duboisia sp. (Solanaceae) no Brasil
    São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2005
    Co-Authors: Paulo Tironi, Von Treuenfels Adrian, Parra, José Roberto Postali
    Abstract:

    Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia. Its larvae feed on roots, causing up to 100% mortality damages. The population dynamics and biological cycle were studied to determine future control methods in Duboisia sp., in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. C. luridus presented annual life cycle in Duboisia sp. under natural conditions. The larval development period was 120 to 150 days, from January to May, reaching an average size of 19.0 ± 2.0 mm in soil depth ranging on 24.9 ± 8.6 cm to 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. The beginning of the pupal phase happened in April. The larval-adult viability ranged on 7.5% to 19.6%. The typical symptoms of attack appeared in an infestation level of 60 larvae per plant. The first adults came out in July, six months after larvae hatching. However, adults came out from soil only in September, at the beginning of the rainy season, reaching the peak of emergency in October, outspreading until January. In laboratory (25ºC, 70% R.H.), females longevity averaged 113.7 ± 15.2 days. In this period, laying capacity was 42.7 ± 7.9 egg masses, with 9.4 ± 0.61 eggs each, totaling 402 ± 72.9 eggs per female. Adults C. luridus were found parasitized by Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Solanaceae species Solanum mauritianum Scopoli and Cestrum intermedium Sendt. were identified as host plants of C. luridus.Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) adaptou-se à planta medicinal Duboisia sp., introduzida da Austrália, na qual causa danos de até 100%. A dinâmica populacional e o ciclo biológico foram estudados de 1993 a 1996, em Arapongas, PR, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar futuros métodos de controle em Duboisia sp.. C. luridus apresentou ciclo anual em Duboisia sp. em condições naturais. O período de desenvolvimento larval ocorreu em 120 a 150 dias, de janeiro a maio, atingindo o tamanho médio de 19.0 ± 2.0 mm a uma profundidade média no solo de 24.9 ± 8.6 cm a 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. Em abril, foi observado o início da fase pupal. A viabilidade do período larval-adulto variou de 7.5% a 19.6%. Os sintomas típicos de ataque apareceram com o nível de infestação de 60 larvas por planta. Os primeiros adultos surgiram em julho, seis meses após a eclosão das larvas. Entretanto, o início da emergência de adultos do solo foi em setembro, no início da estação chuvosa, atingindo o pico de emergência em outubro, estendendo-se até janeiro. Em laboratório (25ºC, 70% UR), a longevidade média das fêmeas foi de 113.7 ± 15.2 dias. Neste período, cada fêmea colocou 42.7 ± 7.9 massas de ovos com 9.4 ± 0.61 ovos cada, totalizando uma média de 402 ± 72.9 ovos por fêmea. Adultos de C. luridus foram encontrados parasitados por Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). As espécies de Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Scopoli e Cestrum intermedium Sendt. foram encontradas como plantas hospedeiras de C. luridus

  • Population dynamics of Cyrtomon luridus Boheman (Coloptera: Curculionidae) on Duboisia sp. (Solanaceae) in Brazil
    Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, 2005
    Co-Authors: Paulo Tironi, Von Treuenfels Adrian, Parra, José Roberto Postali
    Abstract:

    Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia. Its larvae feed on roots, causing up to 100% mortality damages. The population dynamics and biological cycle were studied to determine future control methods in Duboisia sp., in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. C. luridus presented annual life cycle in Duboisia sp. under natural conditions. The larval development period was 120 to 150 days, from January to May, reaching an average size of 19.0 ± 2.0 mm in soil depth ranging on 24.9 ± 8.6 cm to 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. The beginning of the pupal phase happened in April. The larval-adult viability ranged on 7.5% to 19.6%. The typical symptoms of attack appeared in an infestation level of 60 larvae per plant. The first adults came out in July, six months after larvae hatching. However, adults came out from soil only in September, at the beginning of the rainy season, reaching the peak of emergency in October, outspreading until January. In laboratory (25ºC, 70% R.H.), females longevity averaged 113.7 ± 15.2 days. In this period, laying capacity was 42.7 ± 7.9 egg masses, with 9.4 ± 0.61 eggs each, totaling 402 ± 72.9 eggs per female. Adults C. luridus were found parasitized by Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Solanaceae species Solanum mauritianum Scopoli and Cestrum intermedium Sendt. were identified as host plants of C. luridus.Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) adaptou-se à planta medicinal Duboisia sp., introduzida da Austrália, na qual causa danos de até 100%. A dinâmica populacional e o ciclo biológico foram estudados de 1993 a 1996, em Arapongas, PR, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar futuros métodos de controle em Duboisia sp.. C. luridus apresentou ciclo anual em Duboisia sp. em condições naturais. O período de desenvolvimento larval ocorreu em 120 a 150 dias, de janeiro a maio, atingindo o tamanho médio de 19.0 ± 2.0 mm a uma profundidade média no solo de 24.9 ± 8.6 cm a 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. Em abril, foi observado o início da fase pupal. A viabilidade do período larval-adulto variou de 7.5% a 19.6%. Os sintomas típicos de ataque apareceram com o nível de infestação de 60 larvas por planta. Os primeiros adultos surgiram em julho, seis meses após a eclosão das larvas. Entretanto, o início da emergência de adultos do solo foi em setembro, no início da estação chuvosa, atingindo o pico de emergência em outubro, estendendo-se até janeiro. Em laboratório (25ºC, 70% UR), a longevidade média das fêmeas foi de 113.7 ± 15.2 dias. Neste período, cada fêmea colocou 42.7 ± 7.9 massas de ovos com 9.4 ± 0.61 ovos cada, totalizando uma média de 402 ± 72.9 ovos por fêmea. Adultos de C. luridus foram encontrados parasitados por Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). As espécies de Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Scopoli e Cestrum intermedium Sendt. foram encontradas como plantas hospedeiras de C. luridus

  • Population dynamics of Cyrtomon luridus Boheman (Coloptera: Curculionidae) on Duboisia sp. (Solanaceae) in Brazil
    Universidade de São Paulo, 2005
    Co-Authors: Paulo Tironi, Von Treuenfels Adrian, Parra, José Roberto Postali
    Abstract:

    Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia. Its larvae feed on roots, causing up to 100% mortality damages. The population dynamics and biological cycle were studied to determine future control methods in Duboisia sp., in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. C. luridus presented annual life cycle in Duboisia sp. under natural conditions. The larval development period was 120 to 150 days, from January to May, reaching an average size of 19.0 ± 2.0 mm in soil depth ranging on 24.9 ± 8.6 cm to 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. The beginning of the pupal phase happened in April. The larval-adult viability ranged on 7.5% to 19.6%. The typical symptoms of attack appeared in an infestation level of 60 larvae per plant. The first adults came out in July, six months after larvae hatching. However, adults came out from soil only in September, at the beginning of the rainy season, reaching the peak of emergency in October, outspreading until January. In laboratory (25ºC, 70% R.H.), females longevity averaged 113.7 ± 15.2 days. In this period, laying capacity was 42.7 ± 7.9 egg masses, with 9.4 ± 0.61 eggs each, totaling 402 ± 72.9 eggs per female. Adults C. luridus were found parasitized by Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Solanaceae species Solanum mauritianum Scopoli and Cestrum intermedium Sendt. were identified as host plants of C. luridus

  • Biologia de Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitóide de Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
    São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2004
    Co-Authors: Tironi Paulo, Von Treuenfels Adrian, Parra, José Roberto Postali
    Abstract:

    Cyrtomon luridus (Boh.), a native insect of wild Solanaceae, has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia, causing damages up to 100% mortality. Microctonus sp. is the most important natural enemy of C. luridus and its potential for biological control was investigated in this work. This study was carried out in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1994 to 1996. Parasitism of C. luridus by Microctonus sp. was highest from February through June (maximum of 54% in May 1996), when the C. luridus adult population was decreasing. The female sex ratio of Microctonus sp. under natural conditions was 0.57 to 0.69, which was close to 1 male : 2 female. Production of males occurs parthenogetically (arrhenotoky). In the laboratory, parasitism reached 40% when two adult C. luridus were exposed per parasitoid. The number of Microctonus sp. adults that emerged per parasitized beetle ranged from 4.7 to 14.2. Larval-pupal viability was 31.7 to 64.8% and the female sex ratio ranged from 0.0 to 0.37, with prevalence of males. The egg-pupal period was 12.7 days and the pupal-adult period was 10.7 days, resulting in a mean life cycle (egg-adult) of 22.4 days for this parasitoid (25ºC, 70% R.H.). This is the first report of a new species of Microctonus sp. in C. luridus.Cyrtomon luridus (Boh.) é um inseto nativo de solanáceas silvestres e se adaptou à planta medicinal Duboisia sp., introduzida da Austrália, causando danos de até 100% de mortalidade. Microctonus sp. é o mais importante inimigo natural de C. luridus e seu potencial para o controle biológico foi investigado neste trabalho. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Arapongas, Estado do Paraná, de 1994 a 1996. O parasitismo de C. luridus, por Microctonus sp. foi maior nos meses de fevereiro a junho (máximo de 54% em maio/96), coincidindo com a diminuição da população de adultos de C. luridus. A razão sexual de fêmeas de Microctonus sp., em condições naturais, foi de 0,57 a 0,69; sem cópula há produção de machos (partenogênese arrenótoca). Em laboratório, o parasitismo chegou a 40%, quando se ofereciam 2 adultos de C. luridus para 1 parasitóide. O número de adultos de Microctonus sp. por besouro parasitado variou de 4,7 a 14,2; a viabilidade larval-pupal de 31,7 a 64,8% e a razão sexual de 0 a 0,37, com predominância de machos. O período ovo-adulto foi em média, de 22,4 dias, sendo 12,7 dias para o período ovo-pupa e 10,7 dias para o período pupa-adulto (a 25º C; 70% de U.R). Estes foram os primeiros resultados da biologia desta nova espécie de Microctonus, parasitóide com potencial a ser avaliado para o controle biológico de C. luridus

  • Biology of Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Ccurculionidae)
    São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2004
    Co-Authors: Von Treuenfels,adrian, Parra, José Roberto Postali
    Abstract:

    Cyrtomon luridus (Boh.), a native insect of wild Solanaceae, has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia, causing damages up to 100% mortality. Microctonus sp. is the most important natural enemy of C. luridus and its potential for biological control was investigated in this work. This study was carried out in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1994 to 1996. Parasitism of C. luridus by Microctonus sp. was highest from February through June (maximum of 54% in May 1996), when the C. luridus adult population was decreasing. The female sex ratio of Microctonus sp. under natural conditions was 0.57 to 0.69, which was close to 1 male : 2 female. Production of males occurs parthenogetically (arrhenotoky). In the laboratory, parasitism reached 40% when two adult C. luridus were exposed per parasitoid. The number of Microctonus sp. adults that emerged per parasitized beetle ranged from 4.7 to 14.2. Larval-pupal viability was 31.7 to 64.8% and the female sex ratio ranged from 0.0 to 0.37, with prevalence of males. The egg-pupal period was 12.7 days and the pupal-adult period was 10.7 days, resulting in a mean life cycle (egg-adult) of 22.4 days for this parasitoid (25ºC, 70% R.H.). This is the first report of a new species of Microctonus sp. in C. luridus

Francoise Dromer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of a new Histoplasma spp. reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR assay
    Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
    Co-Authors: Alexandre Alanio, O Lortholary, Maud Gits-muselli, Fanny Lanternier, Aude Sturny-leclère, Marion Benazra, Samia Hamane, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Dea Garcia-hermoso, Francoise Dromer
    Abstract:

    Laboratory diagnosis of histoplasmosis is based on various methods including microscopy, culture, antigen and DNA detection of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (Hcc) or H. capsulatum var. duboisii (Hcd). To improve sensitivity of existing quantitative PCR assays, we developed a new reverse transcriptase qPCR (RTqPCR) assay allowing amplification of whole nucleic acids of Histoplasma spp.. and validated on suspected cases.The limit of detection was 20 copies and the specificity against 114 fungal isolates/species was restricted to Histoplasma spp.. Whole nucleic acids of 1,319 prospectively collected consecutive samples from 907 patients suspected of histoplasmosis were tested routinely between May 2015 and May 2019 in parallel with standard diagnostic procedures performed in parallel. 44 had proven histoplasmosis due to Hcc (n=40) or Hcd (n=4) infections. RTqPCR was positive in 43/44 patients (97.7% sensitivity), in at least one specimen. Nine out of 863 cases (99% specificity) were RTqPCR positive and therefore classified as possible cases. RTqPCR was positive in 13/30 (43.3%) blood tested in proven cases. A positive RTqPCR in blood was significantly associated with Hcc progressive disseminated histoplasmosis with a positive RTqPCR in 92.3% of the immunocompromised patients with disseminated disease. This new Histoplasma RTqPCR assay enabling amplification of hcc and hcd is highly sensitive and allows the diagnosis of histoplasmosis advantageously from blood and BAL.

  • literature review and case histories of histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii infections in hiv infected patients
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2007
    Co-Authors: Pierre Loulergue, B. Dupont, Frederic Bastides, Veronique Baudouin, J Chandenier, Patricia Marianikurkdjian, Jeanpaul Viard, Francoise Dromer, O Lortholary
    Abstract:

    African histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is an invasive fungal infection endemic in central and west Africa. Most of its ecology and pathogenesis remain unknown. H. capsulatum var. capsulatum is an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients who are living in or have traveled to histoplasmosis-endemic areas. In contrast, reports concerning African histoplasmosis during HIV infection are rare, although both pathogens coexist in those regions. We report 3 cases of imported African histoplasmosis diagnosed in France in HIV-infected patients and a literature review on similar cases.

  • immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in hiv infected patients with disseminated histoplasmosis
    AIDS, 2006
    Co-Authors: Guillaume Breton, B. Dupont, Francoise Dromer, Homa Adlebiassette, Audrey Therby, Jacky Ramanoelina, Laurence Choudat, Francois Bissuel, Michel Huerre, O Lortholary
    Abstract:

    Four HIV-1-infected patients presented with unusual clinical manifestations in the course of disseminated histoplasmosis, including liver abscesses, compressive lymphadenitis, intestinal obstruction, uveitis and arthritis within a median of 45 days after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). They had a median increase of 106 CD4 cells/μl and granulomas with caseation in three. Partial immune reconstitution induced by HAART during disseminated histoplasmosis either related to the variety capsulatum or duboisii may be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Hagels Hansjörg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Einfluss von abiotischen Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese in Duboisia myoporoides.
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike, Kayser Oliver, Hagels Hansjörg
    Abstract:

    Duboisia ist eine in Australien beheimatete Pflanze aus der Familie der Nachtschattengewächse, die Tropanalkaloide als sekundäre Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe enthält, deren quantitativ und ökonomisch bedeutsamstes Scopolamin ist.Um neue Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Einflusses abiotischer Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese zu gewinnen, wurden Pflanzen der Art Duboisia myoporoides in Hydrokultur in Klimakammern unter streng kontrollierten Bedingungen angebaut (kalibrierte Einstellungen für Beleuchtungsdauer, Lichtintensität und Temperatur). Wichtige Messgrößen stellten dabei Biomasse und Alkaloidgehalt dar, letzterer gemessen mittels UHPLC und LC-MS.Stichwörter: Duboisia, LC-MS, Scopolamin, TropanalkaloideInfluence of abiotic factors on growth and biosynthesis of scopolamine in Duboisia myoporoides.Duboisia, a native Australian plant belonging to the family of Solanaceae, contains tropane alkaloids as secondary plant components, thereof quantitatively as well as economically most important scopolamine. In order to obtain new findings regarding the effect of abiotic factors on biomass and biosynthesis of scopolamine, plants of the species Duboisia myoporoides were grown in climate chambers using hydroponics under strictly controlled conditions (calibrated settings regarding lighting period, light intensity and temperature). Essential measurement variables were biomass and alkaloid content, the latter analyzed via UHPLC and LC-MS. Keywords: Duboisia, LC-MS, scopolamine, tropane alkaloid

  • Wirkung mineralischer N-Düngung auf Blatterträge und Scopolamingehalte von Duboisia sp.
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2014
    Co-Authors: Oster Sabine, Hagels Hansjörg, Sparke Julia, Honermeier Bernd
    Abstract:

    Duboisia wird als Rohstofflieferant für Scopolamin verwendet. Dieses Tropanalkaloid wird aus dem Blattmaterial von Duboisia Arthybriden gewonnen und dient als Wirkstoff zur Therapie der Reisekrankheit sowie als Ausgangsstoff für partialsynthetische Anticholinergika. Für die effiziente Produktion sind hohe Erträge an Biomasse bei möglichst hohem Wirkstoffgehalt wünschenswert. Eine der abiotischen Einflussgrößen ist die Stickstoffernährung. Der hier beschriebene Freilandversuch stellt den Einfluss von vier unterschiedlich hohen N-Düngungsgaben (0 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha, 100+100 kg N/ha) mit Kalkammonsalpeter (KAS) auf drei Genotypen dar. Die N-Düngung zeigte keinen Einfluss auf den Scopolamingehalt, jedoch stieg mit erhöhter N-Menge die Biomasse signifikant an. Stichwörter: Duboisia, N-Düngung, Biomasse, ScopolaminEffect of mineral N-fertilization on leaf yield and scopolamine content in Duboisia sp.Duboisia plants are used as a source of scopolamine production. This tropane alkaloid is extracted from leaf material of interspecific hybrids. It is used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient to treat motion sickness and as a precursor for partially synthetic anticholinergiks. For efficient production high yields in biomass with high content in active pharmaceutical ingredient is desirable. The conducted field trial shows the influence of the fertilizer ammoniumnitrate that was applied in four different amounts of N (0 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha, 100+100 kg N/ha) depending on three Duboisia genotypes. It was observed that mineral Nfertilization had no effect on scopolamine content but biomass increased significantly with higher amount of N.Keywords: Duboisia, N-fertilization, biomass, scopolamin

  • Einfluss von abiotischen Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese in Duboisia myoporoides.
    Julius Kühn-Institut, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike, Kayser Oliver, Hagels Hansjörg
    Abstract:

    Duboisia ist eine in Australien beheimatete Pflanze aus der Familie der Nachtschattengewächse, die Tropanalkaloide als sekundäre Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe enthält, deren quantitativ und ökonomisch bedeutsamstes Scopolamin ist. Um neue Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Einflusses abiotischer Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese zu gewinnen, wurden Pflanzen der Art Duboisia myoporoides in Hydrokultur in Klimakammern unter streng kontrollierten Bedingungen angebaut (kalibrierte Einstellungen für Beleuchtungsdauer, Lichtintensität und Temperatur). Wichtige Messgrößen stellten dabei Biomasse und Alkaloidgehalt dar, letzterer gemessen mittels UHPLC und LC-MS

  • Wirkung mineralischer N-Düngung auf Blatterträge und Scopolamingehalte von Duboisia sp.
    Julius Kühn-Institut, 2014
    Co-Authors: Oster Sabine, Hagels Hansjörg, Sparke Julia, Honermeier Bernd
    Abstract:

    Duboisia wird als Rohstofflieferant für Scopolamin verwendet. Dieses Tropanalkaloid wird aus dem Blattmaterial von Duboisia Arthybriden gewonnen und dient als Wirkstoff zur Therapie der Reisekrankheit sowie als Ausgangsstoff für partialsynthetische Anticholinergika. Für die effiziente Produktion sind hohe Erträge an Biomasse bei möglichst hohem Wirkstoffgehalt wünschenswert. Eine der abiotischen Einflussgrößen ist die Stickstoffernährung. Der hier beschriebene Freilandversuch stellt den Einfluss von vier unterschiedlich hohen N-Düngungsgaben (0 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha, 100+100 kg N/ha) mit Kalkammonsalpeter (KAS) auf drei Genotypen dar. Die N-Düngung zeigte keinen Einfluss auf den Scopolamingehalt, jedoch stieg mit erhöhter N-Menge die Biomasse signifikant an

Paulo Tironi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Growth and nutrient uptake patterns in plants of Duboisia sp
    Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 2016
    Co-Authors: Conrado Cagliari Fioretto, Paulo Tironi, José Roberto Pinto De ,souza
    Abstract:

    Characterizing growth and nutrient uptake is important for the establishment of plant cultivation techniques that aim at high levels of production. The culturing of Duboisia sp., although very important for world medicine, has been poorly studied in the field, since the cultivation of this plant is restricted to a few regions. The objective of this paper is to characterize growth and nutrient absorption during development in Duboisia sp. under a commercial cultivation system, and in particular to assess the distribution of dry matter and nutrients in the leaves and branches. Our work was performed on a commercial production farm located in Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil, from March 2009 to February 2010. A total of 10 evaluations took place at approximately 10-day intervals, starting 48 days after planting and ending at harvesting, 324 days after planting. The growth parameters analyzed were the height of the plants and the dry matter of the leaves and of branches, while the chemical composition of the leaves and branches was used to study nutrient absorption. Data were submitted to regression analysis. Growth in height followed Richards’ model, mirroring the rise in air temperature and water availability. Phytomass accumulation in the aerial parts of the plants was slow during the first 150 days, but grew 25 times from that point to harvesting. Starting from 260 days, phytomass accumulation in the leaves began to be notable, while in the branches, a growth of 169% occurred, a pattern of biomass partitioning that is unfavorable for the producer. Accumulation of nutrients mirrored the accumulation of phytomass, showing the same unfavorable partition. The nutritional demand for macronutrients and micronutrients was, respectively, N < K < Ca > P > Mg > S and Fe >Mn> Zn > B > Cu

  • Dinâmica Populacional de Cyrtomon luridus Boheman (Coloptera: Curlionidae) em Duboisia sp. (Solanaceae) no Brasil
    São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2005
    Co-Authors: Paulo Tironi, Von Treuenfels Adrian, Parra, José Roberto Postali
    Abstract:

    Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia. Its larvae feed on roots, causing up to 100% mortality damages. The population dynamics and biological cycle were studied to determine future control methods in Duboisia sp., in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. C. luridus presented annual life cycle in Duboisia sp. under natural conditions. The larval development period was 120 to 150 days, from January to May, reaching an average size of 19.0 ± 2.0 mm in soil depth ranging on 24.9 ± 8.6 cm to 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. The beginning of the pupal phase happened in April. The larval-adult viability ranged on 7.5% to 19.6%. The typical symptoms of attack appeared in an infestation level of 60 larvae per plant. The first adults came out in July, six months after larvae hatching. However, adults came out from soil only in September, at the beginning of the rainy season, reaching the peak of emergency in October, outspreading until January. In laboratory (25ºC, 70% R.H.), females longevity averaged 113.7 ± 15.2 days. In this period, laying capacity was 42.7 ± 7.9 egg masses, with 9.4 ± 0.61 eggs each, totaling 402 ± 72.9 eggs per female. Adults C. luridus were found parasitized by Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Solanaceae species Solanum mauritianum Scopoli and Cestrum intermedium Sendt. were identified as host plants of C. luridus.Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) adaptou-se à planta medicinal Duboisia sp., introduzida da Austrália, na qual causa danos de até 100%. A dinâmica populacional e o ciclo biológico foram estudados de 1993 a 1996, em Arapongas, PR, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar futuros métodos de controle em Duboisia sp.. C. luridus apresentou ciclo anual em Duboisia sp. em condições naturais. O período de desenvolvimento larval ocorreu em 120 a 150 dias, de janeiro a maio, atingindo o tamanho médio de 19.0 ± 2.0 mm a uma profundidade média no solo de 24.9 ± 8.6 cm a 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. Em abril, foi observado o início da fase pupal. A viabilidade do período larval-adulto variou de 7.5% a 19.6%. Os sintomas típicos de ataque apareceram com o nível de infestação de 60 larvas por planta. Os primeiros adultos surgiram em julho, seis meses após a eclosão das larvas. Entretanto, o início da emergência de adultos do solo foi em setembro, no início da estação chuvosa, atingindo o pico de emergência em outubro, estendendo-se até janeiro. Em laboratório (25ºC, 70% UR), a longevidade média das fêmeas foi de 113.7 ± 15.2 dias. Neste período, cada fêmea colocou 42.7 ± 7.9 massas de ovos com 9.4 ± 0.61 ovos cada, totalizando uma média de 402 ± 72.9 ovos por fêmea. Adultos de C. luridus foram encontrados parasitados por Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). As espécies de Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Scopoli e Cestrum intermedium Sendt. foram encontradas como plantas hospedeiras de C. luridus

  • Population dynamics of Cyrtomon luridus Boheman (Coloptera: Curculionidae) on Duboisia sp. (Solanaceae) in Brazil
    Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, 2005
    Co-Authors: Paulo Tironi, Von Treuenfels Adrian, Parra, José Roberto Postali
    Abstract:

    Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia. Its larvae feed on roots, causing up to 100% mortality damages. The population dynamics and biological cycle were studied to determine future control methods in Duboisia sp., in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. C. luridus presented annual life cycle in Duboisia sp. under natural conditions. The larval development period was 120 to 150 days, from January to May, reaching an average size of 19.0 ± 2.0 mm in soil depth ranging on 24.9 ± 8.6 cm to 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. The beginning of the pupal phase happened in April. The larval-adult viability ranged on 7.5% to 19.6%. The typical symptoms of attack appeared in an infestation level of 60 larvae per plant. The first adults came out in July, six months after larvae hatching. However, adults came out from soil only in September, at the beginning of the rainy season, reaching the peak of emergency in October, outspreading until January. In laboratory (25ºC, 70% R.H.), females longevity averaged 113.7 ± 15.2 days. In this period, laying capacity was 42.7 ± 7.9 egg masses, with 9.4 ± 0.61 eggs each, totaling 402 ± 72.9 eggs per female. Adults C. luridus were found parasitized by Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Solanaceae species Solanum mauritianum Scopoli and Cestrum intermedium Sendt. were identified as host plants of C. luridus.Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) adaptou-se à planta medicinal Duboisia sp., introduzida da Austrália, na qual causa danos de até 100%. A dinâmica populacional e o ciclo biológico foram estudados de 1993 a 1996, em Arapongas, PR, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar futuros métodos de controle em Duboisia sp.. C. luridus apresentou ciclo anual em Duboisia sp. em condições naturais. O período de desenvolvimento larval ocorreu em 120 a 150 dias, de janeiro a maio, atingindo o tamanho médio de 19.0 ± 2.0 mm a uma profundidade média no solo de 24.9 ± 8.6 cm a 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. Em abril, foi observado o início da fase pupal. A viabilidade do período larval-adulto variou de 7.5% a 19.6%. Os sintomas típicos de ataque apareceram com o nível de infestação de 60 larvas por planta. Os primeiros adultos surgiram em julho, seis meses após a eclosão das larvas. Entretanto, o início da emergência de adultos do solo foi em setembro, no início da estação chuvosa, atingindo o pico de emergência em outubro, estendendo-se até janeiro. Em laboratório (25ºC, 70% UR), a longevidade média das fêmeas foi de 113.7 ± 15.2 dias. Neste período, cada fêmea colocou 42.7 ± 7.9 massas de ovos com 9.4 ± 0.61 ovos cada, totalizando uma média de 402 ± 72.9 ovos por fêmea. Adultos de C. luridus foram encontrados parasitados por Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). As espécies de Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Scopoli e Cestrum intermedium Sendt. foram encontradas como plantas hospedeiras de C. luridus

  • Population dynamics of Cyrtomon luridus Boheman (Coloptera: Curculionidae) on Duboisia sp. (Solanaceae) in Brazil
    Universidade de São Paulo, 2005
    Co-Authors: Paulo Tironi, Von Treuenfels Adrian, Parra, José Roberto Postali
    Abstract:

    Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia. Its larvae feed on roots, causing up to 100% mortality damages. The population dynamics and biological cycle were studied to determine future control methods in Duboisia sp., in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. C. luridus presented annual life cycle in Duboisia sp. under natural conditions. The larval development period was 120 to 150 days, from January to May, reaching an average size of 19.0 ± 2.0 mm in soil depth ranging on 24.9 ± 8.6 cm to 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. The beginning of the pupal phase happened in April. The larval-adult viability ranged on 7.5% to 19.6%. The typical symptoms of attack appeared in an infestation level of 60 larvae per plant. The first adults came out in July, six months after larvae hatching. However, adults came out from soil only in September, at the beginning of the rainy season, reaching the peak of emergency in October, outspreading until January. In laboratory (25ºC, 70% R.H.), females longevity averaged 113.7 ± 15.2 days. In this period, laying capacity was 42.7 ± 7.9 egg masses, with 9.4 ± 0.61 eggs each, totaling 402 ± 72.9 eggs per female. Adults C. luridus were found parasitized by Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Solanaceae species Solanum mauritianum Scopoli and Cestrum intermedium Sendt. were identified as host plants of C. luridus

  • Biology of Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Ccurculionidae) Biologia de Microctonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitóide de Cyrtomon luridus BOH. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
    Universidade de São Paulo, 2004
    Co-Authors: Paulo Tironi, Adrian Von Treuenfels, José Roberto Postali Parra
    Abstract:

    Cyrtomon luridus (Boh.), a native insect of wild Solanaceae, has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia, causing damages up to 100% mortality. Microctonus sp. is the most important natural enemy of C. luridus and its potential for biological control was investigated in this work. This study was carried out in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1994 to 1996. Parasitism of C. luridus by Microctonus sp. was highest from February through June (maximum of 54% in May 1996), when the C. luridus adult population was decreasing. The female sex ratio of Microctonus sp. under natural conditions was 0.57 to 0.69, which was close to 1 male : 2 female. Production of males occurs parthenogetically (arrhenotoky). In the laboratory, parasitism reached 40% when two adult C. luridus were exposed per parasitoid. The number of Microctonus sp. adults that emerged per parasitized beetle ranged from 4.7 to 14.2. Larval-pupal viability was 31.7 to 64.8% and the female sex ratio ranged from 0.0 to 0.37, with prevalence of males. The egg-pupal period was 12.7 days and the pupal-adult period was 10.7 days, resulting in a mean life cycle (egg-adult) of 22.4 days for this parasitoid (25ºC, 70% R.H.). This is the first report of a new species of Microctonus sp. in C. luridus.Cyrtomon luridus (Boh.) é um inseto nativo de solanáceas silvestres e se adaptou à planta medicinal Duboisia sp., introduzida da Austrália, causando danos de até 100% de mortalidade. Microctonus sp. é o mais importante inimigo natural de C. luridus e seu potencial para o controle biológico foi investigado neste trabalho. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Arapongas, Estado do Paraná, de 1994 a 1996. O parasitismo de C. luridus, por Microctonus sp. foi maior nos meses de fevereiro a junho (máximo de 54% em maio/96), coincidindo com a diminuição da população de adultos de C. luridus. A razão sexual de fêmeas de Microctonus sp., em condições naturais, foi de 0,57 a 0,69; sem cópula há produção de machos (partenogênese arrenótoca). Em laboratório, o parasitismo chegou a 40%, quando se ofereciam 2 adultos de C. luridus para 1 parasitóide. O número de adultos de Microctonus sp. por besouro parasitado variou de 4,7 a 14,2; a viabilidade larval-pupal de 31,7 a 64,8% e a razão sexual de 0 a 0,37, com predominância de machos. O período ovo-adulto foi em média, de 22,4 dias, sendo 12,7 dias para o período ovo-pupa e 10,7 dias para o período pupa-adulto (a 25º C; 70% de U.R). Estes foram os primeiros resultados da biologia desta nova espécie de Microctonus, parasitóide com potencial a ser avaliado para o controle biológico de C. luridus

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  • Discrimination of wild types and hybrids of Duboisia myoporoides and Duboisia leichhardtii at different growth stages using 1H NMR-based metabolite profiling and tropane alkaloids-targeted HPLC-MS analysis
    'Elsevier BV', 2016
    Co-Authors: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike, Averesch, Nils J. H., Castellanos Leonardo, Choi, Young Hae, Rothauer Andreas, Kayser Oliver
    Abstract:

    Duboisia species, which belong to the family of Solanaceae, are commercially cultivated in large scale, as they are main source of the pharmaceutically-used active compound scopolamine. In this study, H NMR-based metabolite profiling linking primary with secondary metabolism and additional quantification via HPCL-MS with special focus on the tropane alkaloids were applied to compare leaf and root extracts of three wild types and two hybrids of Duboisia myoporoides and D.\ua0leichhardtii at different developmental stages grown under controlled conditions in climate chambers and under agricultural field plantation. Based on the leaf extracts, a clear distinction between the Duboisia hybrids and the wild types Duboisia myoporoides and D.\ua0leichhardtii using principal component analysis of H NMR data was observed. The average content in scopolamine in the hybrids of Duboisia cultivated in climate chambers increased significantly from month 3–6 after potting of the rooted cuttings, however not so for the examined wild types. The Duboisia hybrids grown in climate chambers showed higher growth and contained more sugars and amino acids than Duboisia hybrids grown in the field, which in contrast showed an enhanced flux towards tropane alkaloids as well as flavonoids. For a more detailed analysis of tropane alkaloids, an appropriate HPLC-MS method was developed and validated. The measurements revealed large differences in the alkaloid pattern within the different genotypes under investigation, especially regarding the last enzymatic step, the conversion from hyoscamine to scopolamine by the hyoscyamine 6β–hydroxylase. Scopolamine was found in highest concentrations in Duboisia hybrids (20.04\ua0±\ua04.05 and 17.82\ua0±\ua03.52\ua0mg/g\ua0dry\ua0wt) followed by Duboisia myoporoides (12.71\ua0±\ua02.55\ua0mg/g\ua0dry\ua0wt), both showing a high selectivity for scopolamine in contrast to Duboisia leichhardtii (3.38\ua0±\ua00.59 and 5.09\ua0±\ua01.24\ua0mg/g\ua0dry\ua0wt) with hyoscyamine being the predominant alkaloid

  • 1H NMR- based metabolite profiling of tropane alkaloids in Duboisia spec.
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike, Rothauer Andreas, Kayser Oliver
    Abstract:

    Duboisia R.Br. (Solanaceae) is the main source of the tropane alkaloid scopolamine, which is an important precursor of various active pharmaceutical ingredients due to its anticholinergic properties. As only little is known about the metabolite composition among the different species, NMRbased metabolic profiling was done in order to elucidate primary and secondary metabolism in Duboisia especially focusing on the tropane alkaloid pathway. For this purpose, plants of five different genotypes (Duboisia myoporoides, D. leichardtii and hybrids of D. myoporoides and D. leichhardtii) were cultivated under strictly controlled conditions in climate chambers, leaf and root extracts were prepared and measured via 1H NMR. 14 different metabolites could be identified using 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Principal component analysis of the NMR data allowed a clear distinction between Duboisia hybrids and the wild types, which could be again subgrouped in D. myoporoides and D. leichhardtii, based on the metabolites identified

  • Influence of abiotic factors on growth and biosynthesis of secondary plant components in Duboisia species
    2016
    Co-Authors: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike
    Abstract:

    Die in Australien beheimatete Pflanzengattung Duboisia, die historisch schon von den Aborigines verwendet wurde, ist bis heute die Hauptquelle der medizinisch genutzten Tropanalkaloide. Davon werden Scopolamin und dessen Derivate häufig als anticholinerge Wirkstoffe in der Behandlung von postoperativer Übelkeit und Erbrechen, Reiseübelkeit sowie gastrointestinalen, renalen und biliären Krämpfen angewandt. Bis heute wird die globale Marktversorgung mit Scopolamin hauptsächlich über den großflächigen Freilandanbau von Hybriden aus Duboisia myoporoides und Duboisia leichhardtii gewährleistet. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung des Einflusses von abiotischen Faktoren auf Wuchs und Biosynthese sekundärer Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe, insbesondere des Scopolamins, in Duboisia. Dabei wurde 1H NMR Metabolite Profiling für einen allgemeinen Vergleich des Primär- und Sekundärstoffwechsels verschiedener Genotypen, Pflanzenorgane, Altersgruppen und Anbaubedingungen eingesetzt. Darüber hinaus wurde eine passende HPLC-MS Methode für die Gehaltsbestimmung der enthaltenen Tropanalkaloide entwickelt und validiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Menge an Tropanalkaloiden in Duboisia stark von genetischen Merkmalen sowie von Umwelteinflüssen abhängt, während der Entwicklungszustand eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Um den Einfluss der Umweltfaktoren Temperatur, Licht und Makronährstoffe auf die Scopolaminbiosynthese und den Wuchs systematisch zu untersuchen, wurden Pflanzen dreier Genotypen unter kontrollierten Bedingungen in Klimakammern angebaut. Die Datenanalyse zeigt einen hohen Einfluss von Lichtintensität und Stickstoffversorgung auf die Scopolaminproduktion und das Pflanzenwachstum; diese Parameter können gezielt zur Steigerung von Scopolamin- und Biomasseproduktion genutzt werden. Zusammenfassend trägt diese Forschungsarbeit zu einem besseren Verständnis der Interaktion von abiotischen Faktoren mit dem Alkaloidstoffwechsel und dem Pflanzenwachstum bei. Zukünftig werden die in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Methoden dazu beitragen, vielversprechende Genotypen in der Züchtung zu selektieren und geeignete Anbaumethoden für eine optimierte Scopolaminproduktion auszuwählen.The Australian plant genus Duboisia has a long history of use dating back to the Aborigines and still today, it is main source of the medicinally used tropane alkaloids. Thereof scopolamine and its derivatives are often applied as anticholinergic agents in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, motion sickness as well as gastrointestinal, renal and biliary spasms. Until today, the global supply in scopolamine is mainly covered by large scale field cultivation of hybrids of Duboisia myoporoides and Duboisia leichhardtii. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of abiotic elicitors on growth and biosynthesis of secondary plant components in Duboisia species with special focus on scopolamine. Thereby, 1H NMR-based metabolite profiling was applied for a global analysis of primary and secondary metabolism comparing different genotypes, plant organs, growth stages and cultivation conditions. An appropriate HPLC-MS method was developed and validated for a detailed analysis of tropane alkaloids. The results demonstrate that the abundance of tropane alkaloids in Duboisia species is largely influenced by genetic characteristics as well as by environmental conditions, whereas the plant age plays an inferior role. In order to systematically analyse the influence of temperature, light and macronutrients on scopolamine biosynthesis and plant growth, plants of three different genotypes were grown in climate chambers under controlled conditions. The data analysis hereby reveals that especially the light intensity as well as the nitrogen supply have a major impact on the scopolamine and biomass production. All in all, this research contributes to a better understanding of the interaction of abiotic factors with alkaloid metabolism and plant growth. Prospectively, the employment of the methods established within this work will help to select promising genotypes in breeding as well as suitable cultivation conditions for an optimised production of scopolamine

  • Einfluss von abiotischen Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese in Duboisia myoporoides.
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike, Kayser Oliver, Hagels Hansjörg
    Abstract:

    Duboisia ist eine in Australien beheimatete Pflanze aus der Familie der Nachtschattengewächse, die Tropanalkaloide als sekundäre Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe enthält, deren quantitativ und ökonomisch bedeutsamstes Scopolamin ist.Um neue Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Einflusses abiotischer Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese zu gewinnen, wurden Pflanzen der Art Duboisia myoporoides in Hydrokultur in Klimakammern unter streng kontrollierten Bedingungen angebaut (kalibrierte Einstellungen für Beleuchtungsdauer, Lichtintensität und Temperatur). Wichtige Messgrößen stellten dabei Biomasse und Alkaloidgehalt dar, letzterer gemessen mittels UHPLC und LC-MS.Stichwörter: Duboisia, LC-MS, Scopolamin, TropanalkaloideInfluence of abiotic factors on growth and biosynthesis of scopolamine in Duboisia myoporoides.Duboisia, a native Australian plant belonging to the family of Solanaceae, contains tropane alkaloids as secondary plant components, thereof quantitatively as well as economically most important scopolamine. In order to obtain new findings regarding the effect of abiotic factors on biomass and biosynthesis of scopolamine, plants of the species Duboisia myoporoides were grown in climate chambers using hydroponics under strictly controlled conditions (calibrated settings regarding lighting period, light intensity and temperature). Essential measurement variables were biomass and alkaloid content, the latter analyzed via UHPLC and LC-MS. Keywords: Duboisia, LC-MS, scopolamine, tropane alkaloid

  • Einfluss von abiotischen Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese in Duboisia myoporoides.
    Julius Kühn-Institut, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike, Kayser Oliver, Hagels Hansjörg
    Abstract:

    Duboisia ist eine in Australien beheimatete Pflanze aus der Familie der Nachtschattengewächse, die Tropanalkaloide als sekundäre Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe enthält, deren quantitativ und ökonomisch bedeutsamstes Scopolamin ist. Um neue Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Einflusses abiotischer Faktoren auf Wuchs und Scopolamin-Biosynthese zu gewinnen, wurden Pflanzen der Art Duboisia myoporoides in Hydrokultur in Klimakammern unter streng kontrollierten Bedingungen angebaut (kalibrierte Einstellungen für Beleuchtungsdauer, Lichtintensität und Temperatur). Wichtige Messgrößen stellten dabei Biomasse und Alkaloidgehalt dar, letzterer gemessen mittels UHPLC und LC-MS

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