The Experts below are selected from a list of 36 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P Ollero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling of the in Duct Sorbent Injection process for flue gas desulfurization
Separation and Purification Technology, 2008Co-Authors: F Gutierrez J Ortiz, P OlleroAbstract:Dry scrubbing processes, especially dry Sorbent Injection technology, offer a more economical technology for retrofitting than wet or semi-wet scrubbing processes. A simple realistic model for the in-Duct desulfurization process has been developed. The model has been conceived as an approach useful for both analyzing results and aiding in design of an in-Duct desulfurization process. The model of the process involved, which is the basis for the discussion in this paper, has been evaluated by comparing the model results and the experimental data, obtained in a pilot plant study. The predicted values agree reasonably well with the available experimental data, and the relationships in the model presented have been verified. The sensitivity analysis of variables is relevant for the design and operation of the in-Duct process, allowing a parametric study that reveals the effect of the different operation and design factors. Although this model is specific to our in-Duct pilot plant, it may be used with confidence in commercial DSI (dry Sorbent Injection) units as it was designed and implemented according to widely accepted engineering rules in this field. The model has been built in an open structure to allow for rearrangements of and extensions to the process.
J T Maskew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control final technical report
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: M R Stouffe, W A Rosenhoove, J A Withium, J T MaskewAbstract:The objective of this research project was to develop a second generation Duct Sorbent Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Research and development work was focused on the Advanced Coolside process, which showed the potential for exceeding the original performance targets of 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization. Process development was conDucted in a 1000 acfm pilot plant. The pilot plant testing showed that the Advanced Coolside process can achieve 90% SO{sub 2} removal at Sorbent utilizations up to 75%. The testing also showed that the process has the potential to achieve very high removal efficiency (90 to >99%). By conDucting conceptual process design and economic evaluations periodically during the project, development work was focused on process design improvements which substantially lowered process capital and operating costs, A final process economic study projects capital costs less than one half of those for limestone forced oxidation wet FGD. Projected total SO{sub 2} control cost is about 25% lower than wet FGD for a 260 MWe plant burning a 2.5% sulfur coal. A waste management study showed the acceptability of landfill disposal; it also identified a potential avenue for by-proDuct utilization which should be further investigated. Based on the pilot plant performance and on the above economic projections, future work to scale up the Advanced Coolside process is recommended.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report no 6 task 5 conceptual commercial process design and economic evaluation
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: N J Deluliis, J T MaskewAbstract:The objective of this research project is the development of a second generation in-Duct Sorbent Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Research focused on the Advanced Coolside Process, which has shown the potential of exceeding the performance targets of 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization. In Task 5, Conceptual Process Design and Economic Evaluation, the economics of the CONSOL Advanced Coolside Process as a Clean Air Act compliance option were evaluated. A conceptual process design for full-scale, coal-fired applications is described. Advanced Coolside is compared to conventional Limestone Forced Oxidation (LSFO) wet FGD technology. The process economics for coal sulfur levels ranging from 1.0% to 3.5% (as-received) and plant sizes ranging from 160 to 512 gross MW were investigated, In addition, the economics of on-site versus off-site lime hydration and the cost sensitivity to delivered pebble lime and hydrate prices are investigated, Advanced in-Duct Sorbent Injection enjoys a capital and levelized cost advantage relative to LSFO in all cases examined in this study. As a result of this study and others made during this contract, the following conclusions can be made: (1) The capital cost of Advanced Coolside is 55%more » to 60% less than that of LSFO and varies slightly depending on coal sulfur content and plant size. (2) The total levelized SO{sub 2} control cost advantage relative to LSFO varies from 15% to 35% over the range of coal sulfur contents and plant sizes evaluated. This cost advantage is sensitive to Sorbent transportation charges. As a result, the economics are site-specific. (3) The experimental optimizations based on interim economic analyses were the key to capital and levelized cost reDuctions.« less
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report no 5 task 4 data analysis and computer modeling
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: J T Maskew, J A Withum, W A Rosenhoove, M R StouffeAbstract:The objective of this research project is to develop a second generation in-Duct Sorbent Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Specific performance targets are 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization efficiency. After initial results indicated that the Advanced Coolside process had a potential of exceeding these targets, research focused on the Advanced Coolside process. For Task 4, Data Analysis and Computer Modeling, the objective was to develop two computer models. The first computer model would correlate Sorbent properties with hydration parameters, while the second would correlate desulfurization performance with the Sorbent properties. A two-level factorial program was undertaken to examine the effects of selected hydration process variables on some of the physical and chemical properties of the hydrates produced and on their SO{sub 2} reactivity. A bench-scale hydrator was used to convert quicklime samples to hydrated limes under controlled processing conditions. Two quicklimes were hydrated -- Mississippi Lime and Black River Lime. Significant differences in physical properties of these hydrates were observed. However, no relationship between the measured physical properties and the SO{sub 2} reactivity was observed. Within the scope of this work, SO{sub 2} reactivity is not a function of quicklime source. When compared with commercial hydrates prepared from the same quicklime, the hydrates produced in the bench-scale unit showed significantly lower surface areas and SO{sub 2} reactivities. As a result, the correlations developed in this study do not apply to commercial hydrates.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report no 4 task 3 optimized advanced process evaluation
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: W A Rosenhoove, J A Withum, M R Stouffe, J T Maskew, R A WinschelAbstract:The objective of this research project is to develop second- generation Duct Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Specific performance targets are 90% SO{sup 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization efficiency. Research focused on the Advanced Coolside process, which showed the potential for exceeding these targets. The objective of Subtask 3.1, Performance Testing, was to develop process performance and operability data for design and scale-up of the optimized Advance Coolside process. Results of long-term pilot plant testing with 24 hour/day operation provided a positive indication of process operability. The objective of Subtask 3.2, Waste Characterization, was to determine the chemical and physical properties of the waste materials for designing the waste handling and disposal systems for the process. Test results show that the combined spent Sorbent and fly ash waste is suitable for landfilling. Further, the waste management study indicated a potential for by-proDuct utilization for synthetic aggregate proDuction; a more thorough investigation of this potential is required.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report number 3 subtask 2 3 Sorbent optimization
Other Information: PBD: Nov 1994, 1994Co-Authors: W A Rosenhoove, J A Withum, J T Maskew, M R StouffeAbstract:The objective of this research project is to develop second-generation Duct Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Specific process performance goals are to achieve 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization efficiency. Research is focused on the Advanced Coolside process, which has shown the potential of achieving these targets. The objective of Subtask 2.3, Sorbent Optimization, was to explore means of improving performance and economics of the Advanced Coolside process through optimizing the Sorbent system. Pilot plant tests of commercial and specially prepared hydrated limes showed that the process is relatively insensitive to Sorbent source. This can be an important economic advantage, allowing the use of the lowest cost Sorbent available at a site. A pilot plant hydration study conDucted in cooperation with Dravo Lime Company further indicated the relative insensitivity of process performance to lime source and to lime physical properties. Pilot plant tests indicated that the use of very small amounts of additives in the Advanced Coolside process can improve performance under some circumstances; however, additives are not necessary to exceed process performance targets.
M R Stouffe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection process for so sub 2 control
1994Co-Authors: J A Withum, W A Rosenhoove, M R StouffeAbstract:This paper describes the status of development of an advanced Duct-Sorbent-Injection process for the control of SO{sub 2} emissions from coal-fired power plants. The technical objective of the project is to develop a low-capital-cost process capable of over 90% SO{sub 2} removal as a retrofit option for compliance with the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. A complementary objective is to achieve sufficiently high Sorbent utilization (60% with hydrated lime) so that levelized costs are lower than wet limestone scrubbing costs over a wide range of coal types and plant sizes. The SO{sub 2} removal and Sorbent utilization objectives were achieved. The original performance targets of 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization were exceeded in 0.3 MWe pilot plant operations through a combination of equipment design improvements and Sorbent recycle optimization. The 90% SO{sub 2} removal target was achieved at Sorbent utilizations of 70-75%. Up to 99% SO{sub 2} removal was attained at 60% Sorbent utilization. A simplified equipment design was tested and its operability was confirmed in pilot plant operation. An interim economic evaluation was completed based on these results. Current work also includes the development and testing of improved Sorbents. The advanced Duct-Sorbent-Injection process (Advanced Coolside) involvesmore » flue gas humidification to the adiabatic saturation point using a contacting device which simultaneously removes fly ash from the flue gas. A Sorbent (hydrated lime), injected into the highly humid flue gas downstream of the contactor, captures SO{sub 2} before being removed in the existing particulate collector. The high humidity allows high SO{sub 2} removal. High Sorbent utilization is achieved by Sorbent recycle. Greater recycle is possible than for previous Duct-Sorbent-Injection processes because the fly ash is removed by the contactor prior to Sorbent Injection.« less
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control final technical report
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: M R Stouffe, W A Rosenhoove, J A Withium, J T MaskewAbstract:The objective of this research project was to develop a second generation Duct Sorbent Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Research and development work was focused on the Advanced Coolside process, which showed the potential for exceeding the original performance targets of 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization. Process development was conDucted in a 1000 acfm pilot plant. The pilot plant testing showed that the Advanced Coolside process can achieve 90% SO{sub 2} removal at Sorbent utilizations up to 75%. The testing also showed that the process has the potential to achieve very high removal efficiency (90 to >99%). By conDucting conceptual process design and economic evaluations periodically during the project, development work was focused on process design improvements which substantially lowered process capital and operating costs, A final process economic study projects capital costs less than one half of those for limestone forced oxidation wet FGD. Projected total SO{sub 2} control cost is about 25% lower than wet FGD for a 260 MWe plant burning a 2.5% sulfur coal. A waste management study showed the acceptability of landfill disposal; it also identified a potential avenue for by-proDuct utilization which should be further investigated. Based on the pilot plant performance and on the above economic projections, future work to scale up the Advanced Coolside process is recommended.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report no 5 task 4 data analysis and computer modeling
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: J T Maskew, J A Withum, W A Rosenhoove, M R StouffeAbstract:The objective of this research project is to develop a second generation in-Duct Sorbent Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Specific performance targets are 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization efficiency. After initial results indicated that the Advanced Coolside process had a potential of exceeding these targets, research focused on the Advanced Coolside process. For Task 4, Data Analysis and Computer Modeling, the objective was to develop two computer models. The first computer model would correlate Sorbent properties with hydration parameters, while the second would correlate desulfurization performance with the Sorbent properties. A two-level factorial program was undertaken to examine the effects of selected hydration process variables on some of the physical and chemical properties of the hydrates produced and on their SO{sub 2} reactivity. A bench-scale hydrator was used to convert quicklime samples to hydrated limes under controlled processing conditions. Two quicklimes were hydrated -- Mississippi Lime and Black River Lime. Significant differences in physical properties of these hydrates were observed. However, no relationship between the measured physical properties and the SO{sub 2} reactivity was observed. Within the scope of this work, SO{sub 2} reactivity is not a function of quicklime source. When compared with commercial hydrates prepared from the same quicklime, the hydrates produced in the bench-scale unit showed significantly lower surface areas and SO{sub 2} reactivities. As a result, the correlations developed in this study do not apply to commercial hydrates.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report no 2 subtask 2 2 design optimization
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: W A Rosenhoove, M R Stouffe, J A WithumAbstract:The objective of this research project is to develop second-generation Duct Injection technology as a cost-effective SO{sub 2} control option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Research is focused on the Advanced Coolside process, which has shown the potential for achieving the performance targets of 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization. In Subtask 2.2, Design Optimization, process improvement was sought by optimizing Sorbent recycle and by optimizing process equipment for reduced cost. The pilot plant recycle testing showed that 90% SO{sub 2} removal could be achieved at Sorbent utilizations up to 75%. This testing also showed that the Advanced Coolside process has the potential to achieve very high removal efficiency (90 to greater than 99%). Two alternative contactor designs were developed, tested and optimized through pilot plant testing; the improved designs will reduce process costs significantly, while maintaining operability and performance essential to the process. Also, Sorbent recycle handling equipment was optimized to reduce cost.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report no 4 task 3 optimized advanced process evaluation
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: W A Rosenhoove, J A Withum, M R Stouffe, J T Maskew, R A WinschelAbstract:The objective of this research project is to develop second- generation Duct Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Specific performance targets are 90% SO{sup 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization efficiency. Research focused on the Advanced Coolside process, which showed the potential for exceeding these targets. The objective of Subtask 3.1, Performance Testing, was to develop process performance and operability data for design and scale-up of the optimized Advance Coolside process. Results of long-term pilot plant testing with 24 hour/day operation provided a positive indication of process operability. The objective of Subtask 3.2, Waste Characterization, was to determine the chemical and physical properties of the waste materials for designing the waste handling and disposal systems for the process. Test results show that the combined spent Sorbent and fly ash waste is suitable for landfilling. Further, the waste management study indicated a potential for by-proDuct utilization for synthetic aggregate proDuction; a more thorough investigation of this potential is required.
F Gutierrez J Ortiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling of the in Duct Sorbent Injection process for flue gas desulfurization
Separation and Purification Technology, 2008Co-Authors: F Gutierrez J Ortiz, P OlleroAbstract:Dry scrubbing processes, especially dry Sorbent Injection technology, offer a more economical technology for retrofitting than wet or semi-wet scrubbing processes. A simple realistic model for the in-Duct desulfurization process has been developed. The model has been conceived as an approach useful for both analyzing results and aiding in design of an in-Duct desulfurization process. The model of the process involved, which is the basis for the discussion in this paper, has been evaluated by comparing the model results and the experimental data, obtained in a pilot plant study. The predicted values agree reasonably well with the available experimental data, and the relationships in the model presented have been verified. The sensitivity analysis of variables is relevant for the design and operation of the in-Duct process, allowing a parametric study that reveals the effect of the different operation and design factors. Although this model is specific to our in-Duct pilot plant, it may be used with confidence in commercial DSI (dry Sorbent Injection) units as it was designed and implemented according to widely accepted engineering rules in this field. The model has been built in an open structure to allow for rearrangements of and extensions to the process.
W A Rosenhoove - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection process for so sub 2 control
1994Co-Authors: J A Withum, W A Rosenhoove, M R StouffeAbstract:This paper describes the status of development of an advanced Duct-Sorbent-Injection process for the control of SO{sub 2} emissions from coal-fired power plants. The technical objective of the project is to develop a low-capital-cost process capable of over 90% SO{sub 2} removal as a retrofit option for compliance with the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. A complementary objective is to achieve sufficiently high Sorbent utilization (60% with hydrated lime) so that levelized costs are lower than wet limestone scrubbing costs over a wide range of coal types and plant sizes. The SO{sub 2} removal and Sorbent utilization objectives were achieved. The original performance targets of 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization were exceeded in 0.3 MWe pilot plant operations through a combination of equipment design improvements and Sorbent recycle optimization. The 90% SO{sub 2} removal target was achieved at Sorbent utilizations of 70-75%. Up to 99% SO{sub 2} removal was attained at 60% Sorbent utilization. A simplified equipment design was tested and its operability was confirmed in pilot plant operation. An interim economic evaluation was completed based on these results. Current work also includes the development and testing of improved Sorbents. The advanced Duct-Sorbent-Injection process (Advanced Coolside) involvesmore » flue gas humidification to the adiabatic saturation point using a contacting device which simultaneously removes fly ash from the flue gas. A Sorbent (hydrated lime), injected into the highly humid flue gas downstream of the contactor, captures SO{sub 2} before being removed in the existing particulate collector. The high humidity allows high SO{sub 2} removal. High Sorbent utilization is achieved by Sorbent recycle. Greater recycle is possible than for previous Duct-Sorbent-Injection processes because the fly ash is removed by the contactor prior to Sorbent Injection.« less
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control final technical report
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: M R Stouffe, W A Rosenhoove, J A Withium, J T MaskewAbstract:The objective of this research project was to develop a second generation Duct Sorbent Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Research and development work was focused on the Advanced Coolside process, which showed the potential for exceeding the original performance targets of 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization. Process development was conDucted in a 1000 acfm pilot plant. The pilot plant testing showed that the Advanced Coolside process can achieve 90% SO{sub 2} removal at Sorbent utilizations up to 75%. The testing also showed that the process has the potential to achieve very high removal efficiency (90 to >99%). By conDucting conceptual process design and economic evaluations periodically during the project, development work was focused on process design improvements which substantially lowered process capital and operating costs, A final process economic study projects capital costs less than one half of those for limestone forced oxidation wet FGD. Projected total SO{sub 2} control cost is about 25% lower than wet FGD for a 260 MWe plant burning a 2.5% sulfur coal. A waste management study showed the acceptability of landfill disposal; it also identified a potential avenue for by-proDuct utilization which should be further investigated. Based on the pilot plant performance and on the above economic projections, future work to scale up the Advanced Coolside process is recommended.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report no 5 task 4 data analysis and computer modeling
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: J T Maskew, J A Withum, W A Rosenhoove, M R StouffeAbstract:The objective of this research project is to develop a second generation in-Duct Sorbent Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Specific performance targets are 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization efficiency. After initial results indicated that the Advanced Coolside process had a potential of exceeding these targets, research focused on the Advanced Coolside process. For Task 4, Data Analysis and Computer Modeling, the objective was to develop two computer models. The first computer model would correlate Sorbent properties with hydration parameters, while the second would correlate desulfurization performance with the Sorbent properties. A two-level factorial program was undertaken to examine the effects of selected hydration process variables on some of the physical and chemical properties of the hydrates produced and on their SO{sub 2} reactivity. A bench-scale hydrator was used to convert quicklime samples to hydrated limes under controlled processing conditions. Two quicklimes were hydrated -- Mississippi Lime and Black River Lime. Significant differences in physical properties of these hydrates were observed. However, no relationship between the measured physical properties and the SO{sub 2} reactivity was observed. Within the scope of this work, SO{sub 2} reactivity is not a function of quicklime source. When compared with commercial hydrates prepared from the same quicklime, the hydrates produced in the bench-scale unit showed significantly lower surface areas and SO{sub 2} reactivities. As a result, the correlations developed in this study do not apply to commercial hydrates.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report no 2 subtask 2 2 design optimization
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: W A Rosenhoove, M R Stouffe, J A WithumAbstract:The objective of this research project is to develop second-generation Duct Injection technology as a cost-effective SO{sub 2} control option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Research is focused on the Advanced Coolside process, which has shown the potential for achieving the performance targets of 90% SO{sub 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization. In Subtask 2.2, Design Optimization, process improvement was sought by optimizing Sorbent recycle and by optimizing process equipment for reduced cost. The pilot plant recycle testing showed that 90% SO{sub 2} removal could be achieved at Sorbent utilizations up to 75%. This testing also showed that the Advanced Coolside process has the potential to achieve very high removal efficiency (90 to greater than 99%). Two alternative contactor designs were developed, tested and optimized through pilot plant testing; the improved designs will reduce process costs significantly, while maintaining operability and performance essential to the process. Also, Sorbent recycle handling equipment was optimized to reduce cost.
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advanced in Duct Sorbent Injection for so sub 2 control topical report no 4 task 3 optimized advanced process evaluation
Other Information: PBD: Dec 1994, 1994Co-Authors: W A Rosenhoove, J A Withum, M R Stouffe, J T Maskew, R A WinschelAbstract:The objective of this research project is to develop second- generation Duct Injection technology as a cost-effective compliance option for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Specific performance targets are 90% SO{sup 2} removal and 60% Sorbent utilization efficiency. Research focused on the Advanced Coolside process, which showed the potential for exceeding these targets. The objective of Subtask 3.1, Performance Testing, was to develop process performance and operability data for design and scale-up of the optimized Advance Coolside process. Results of long-term pilot plant testing with 24 hour/day operation provided a positive indication of process operability. The objective of Subtask 3.2, Waste Characterization, was to determine the chemical and physical properties of the waste materials for designing the waste handling and disposal systems for the process. Test results show that the combined spent Sorbent and fly ash waste is suitable for landfilling. Further, the waste management study indicated a potential for by-proDuct utilization for synthetic aggregate proDuction; a more thorough investigation of this potential is required.
