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Nicole S Gibran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dermal Fibroblasts from the Red Duroc Pig Have an Inherently Fibrogenic Phenotype: An In Vitro Model of Fibroproliferative Scarring.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2015Co-Authors: Ravi F. Sood, Lara A Muffley, Max Seaton, Pornthep Sirimahachaiyakul, Anne M. Hocking, Nicole S GibranAbstract:BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of hypertrophic scarring is unknown in part because of the lack of a robust animal model. Although the red Duroc Pig has emerged as a promising in vivo model, the cellular mechanisms underlying Duroc scarring are unknown, and the size and cost of Duroc Pigs are obstacles to their use. Given the central role of the dermal fibroblast in scarring, the authors hypothesized that dermal fibroblasts from the Duroc Pig exhibit intrinsic differences in key aspects of the fibroblast response to injury compared with those from the Yorkshire Pig, a same-species control that heals normally. METHODS Duroc and Yorkshire dermal fibroblasts were isolated from uninjured dorsal skin. Actin stress fibers and focal adhesions were visualized by immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Cell migration was measured using a scratch wound-closure assay. Contractile function was assessed by collagen gel contraction. Expression of scarring-related genes was determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 protein expression was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Duroc dermal fibroblasts display increased adhesion-complex formation, impaired migration, enhanced collagen contraction, and profibrotic gene and protein expression profiles compared with Yorkshire fibroblasts at baseline. In addition, Duroc fibroblasts overexpressed TGF-β1 and were less responsive to exogenous TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS Duroc dermal fibroblasts have inherent myofibroblastic differentiation that may account for the pathologic scarring in these animals. The authors' data further validate the Duroc model and support Duroc fibroblast cell culture as a simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and biologically tractable in vitro model for the study of fibroproliferative scarring.
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093 Myofibroblasts in Female Red Duroc Pig Scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value
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093 myofibroblasts in female red Duroc Pig scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Percent Shallow 23% 3% 0 0 0 a-SMA Deep 90% 74% 10% 0 0 P value <0.05 <0.05 Conclusions: a-SMA positive fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are present in deep Duroc wounds and the temporal pattern is similar to that reported for human hypertrophic scar. This further validates the female red Duroc model of human hypertrophic scarring.
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095 comparison of collagen nodules and mast cells between human hypertrophic scar and thick scar of the female red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26 <.05 Duroc Uninjured 5 18 ± 9 Human Hypertrophic 24–30 5 251 ± 139 <.01 Human Uninjured 5 60 ± 24 Conclusion: Collagen nodules and increased numbers of mast cells are present in Duroc scar giving further validity to the female, red Duroc Pig as an animal model of hypertrophic scarring.
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095 Comparison of Collagen Nodules and Mast Cells Between Human Hypertrophic Scar and Thick Scar of the Female Red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26
Loren H Engrav - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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093 myofibroblasts in female red Duroc Pig scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Percent Shallow 23% 3% 0 0 0 a-SMA Deep 90% 74% 10% 0 0 P value <0.05 <0.05 Conclusions: a-SMA positive fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are present in deep Duroc wounds and the temporal pattern is similar to that reported for human hypertrophic scar. This further validates the female red Duroc model of human hypertrophic scarring.
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093 Myofibroblasts in Female Red Duroc Pig Scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value
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095 comparison of collagen nodules and mast cells between human hypertrophic scar and thick scar of the female red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26 <.05 Duroc Uninjured 5 18 ± 9 Human Hypertrophic 24–30 5 251 ± 139 <.01 Human Uninjured 5 60 ± 24 Conclusion: Collagen nodules and increased numbers of mast cells are present in Duroc scar giving further validity to the female, red Duroc Pig as an animal model of hypertrophic scarring.
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095 Comparison of Collagen Nodules and Mast Cells Between Human Hypertrophic Scar and Thick Scar of the Female Red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26
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review of the female Duroc yorkshire Pig model of human fibroproliferative scarring
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2007Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Frank F Isik, Nicole S Gibran, G J Carrougher, Loren H EngravAbstract:Hypertrophic scarring after burns is an unsolved problem and remains as devastating today as it was in the 40s and it may be that the main reason for this is the lack of an accepted, useful animal model. The female, red Duroc Pig was described as a model of hypertrophic scarring nearly 30 years ago but then vanished from the literature. This seemed strange since the authors reported that 12 of 12 Pigs developed thick scar. In the mid 90s we explored the model and found that, indeed, the red Duroc Pig does make thick scar. Other authors have established that the Yorkshire Pig does not heal in this fashion so there is the possibility of a same species control. We have continued to explore the Duroc/Yorkshire model and herein describe our experiences. Is it a perfect model of hypertrophic scarring? No. Is it a useful model of hypertrophic scarring? Time will tell. We have now obtained gene expression data from the Duroc/Yorkshire model and analysis is underway.
Kathy Q Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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093 Myofibroblasts in Female Red Duroc Pig Scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value
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093 myofibroblasts in female red Duroc Pig scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Percent Shallow 23% 3% 0 0 0 a-SMA Deep 90% 74% 10% 0 0 P value <0.05 <0.05 Conclusions: a-SMA positive fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are present in deep Duroc wounds and the temporal pattern is similar to that reported for human hypertrophic scar. This further validates the female red Duroc model of human hypertrophic scarring.
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095 comparison of collagen nodules and mast cells between human hypertrophic scar and thick scar of the female red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26 <.05 Duroc Uninjured 5 18 ± 9 Human Hypertrophic 24–30 5 251 ± 139 <.01 Human Uninjured 5 60 ± 24 Conclusion: Collagen nodules and increased numbers of mast cells are present in Duroc scar giving further validity to the female, red Duroc Pig as an animal model of hypertrophic scarring.
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095 Comparison of Collagen Nodules and Mast Cells Between Human Hypertrophic Scar and Thick Scar of the Female Red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26
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review of the female Duroc yorkshire Pig model of human fibroproliferative scarring
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2007Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Frank F Isik, Nicole S Gibran, G J Carrougher, Loren H EngravAbstract:Hypertrophic scarring after burns is an unsolved problem and remains as devastating today as it was in the 40s and it may be that the main reason for this is the lack of an accepted, useful animal model. The female, red Duroc Pig was described as a model of hypertrophic scarring nearly 30 years ago but then vanished from the literature. This seemed strange since the authors reported that 12 of 12 Pigs developed thick scar. In the mid 90s we explored the model and found that, indeed, the red Duroc Pig does make thick scar. Other authors have established that the Yorkshire Pig does not heal in this fashion so there is the possibility of a same species control. We have continued to explore the Duroc/Yorkshire model and herein describe our experiences. Is it a perfect model of hypertrophic scarring? No. Is it a useful model of hypertrophic scarring? Time will tell. We have now obtained gene expression data from the Duroc/Yorkshire model and analysis is underway.
G J Carrougher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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093 Myofibroblasts in Female Red Duroc Pig Scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value
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093 myofibroblasts in female red Duroc Pig scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Percent Shallow 23% 3% 0 0 0 a-SMA Deep 90% 74% 10% 0 0 P value <0.05 <0.05 Conclusions: a-SMA positive fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are present in deep Duroc wounds and the temporal pattern is similar to that reported for human hypertrophic scar. This further validates the female red Duroc model of human hypertrophic scarring.
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095 comparison of collagen nodules and mast cells between human hypertrophic scar and thick scar of the female red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26 <.05 Duroc Uninjured 5 18 ± 9 Human Hypertrophic 24–30 5 251 ± 139 <.01 Human Uninjured 5 60 ± 24 Conclusion: Collagen nodules and increased numbers of mast cells are present in Duroc scar giving further validity to the female, red Duroc Pig as an animal model of hypertrophic scarring.
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095 Comparison of Collagen Nodules and Mast Cells Between Human Hypertrophic Scar and Thick Scar of the Female Red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26
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review of the female Duroc yorkshire Pig model of human fibroproliferative scarring
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2007Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Frank F Isik, Nicole S Gibran, G J Carrougher, Loren H EngravAbstract:Hypertrophic scarring after burns is an unsolved problem and remains as devastating today as it was in the 40s and it may be that the main reason for this is the lack of an accepted, useful animal model. The female, red Duroc Pig was described as a model of hypertrophic scarring nearly 30 years ago but then vanished from the literature. This seemed strange since the authors reported that 12 of 12 Pigs developed thick scar. In the mid 90s we explored the model and found that, indeed, the red Duroc Pig does make thick scar. Other authors have established that the Yorkshire Pig does not heal in this fashion so there is the possibility of a same species control. We have continued to explore the Duroc/Yorkshire model and herein describe our experiences. Is it a perfect model of hypertrophic scarring? No. Is it a useful model of hypertrophic scarring? Time will tell. We have now obtained gene expression data from the Duroc/Yorkshire model and analysis is underway.
Paul M Muangman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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093 myofibroblasts in female red Duroc Pig scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Percent Shallow 23% 3% 0 0 0 a-SMA Deep 90% 74% 10% 0 0 P value <0.05 <0.05 Conclusions: a-SMA positive fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are present in deep Duroc wounds and the temporal pattern is similar to that reported for human hypertrophic scar. This further validates the female red Duroc model of human hypertrophic scarring.
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093 Myofibroblasts in Female Red Duroc Pig Scars
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Kathy Q Zhu, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: Myofibroblasts are a subtype of fibroblasts, which appear temporally during wound healing. Young hypertrophic scar contains a large number of myofibroblasts and the number declines over time. It has been shown that deep partial-thickness wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars, which is similar to hypertrophic scar. As part of our validation of the Duroc model of hypertrophic scarring, we evaluated myofibroblasts in wounds on the Duroc Pigs. Methods: Superficial (0.015″ to 0.030″) and deep (0.045″ to 0.060″) wounds were created on the backs of 12 Durocs. Biopsies were taken at weeks 1, 2, 4, 15, and 21 postwounding. Samples were analyzed by immunochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, for myofibroblasts) and heat-shock protein (HSP47, for fibroblasts). HSP47 positive cells were counted at 40X and the fraction of a-SMA positive cells out of fibroblasts was evaluated at 10X. Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The counts of HSP47 and a-SMA positive cells are shown in the table below. In brief, in deep wounds most of the HSP47 positive cells were a-SMA positive at 1 and 2 weeks but this declined rapidly thereafter. In shallow wounds there were far fewer cells positive for a-SMA and the decline was even more rapid. 1W 2W 4W 15W 21W Number Shallow 105 ± 22 151 ± 59 106 ± 23 57 ± 20 44 ± 4 HSP47 Deep 524 ± 45 449 ± 35 231 ± 73 108 ± 30 55 ± 8 P value
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095 comparison of collagen nodules and mast cells between human hypertrophic scar and thick scar of the female red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26 <.05 Duroc Uninjured 5 18 ± 9 Human Hypertrophic 24–30 5 251 ± 139 <.01 Human Uninjured 5 60 ± 24 Conclusion: Collagen nodules and increased numbers of mast cells are present in Duroc scar giving further validity to the female, red Duroc Pig as an animal model of hypertrophic scarring.
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095 Comparison of Collagen Nodules and Mast Cells Between Human Hypertrophic Scar and Thick Scar of the Female Red Duroc Pig
Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Loren H Engrav, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Nicole S GibranAbstract:Introduction: There are several proposed animal models of hypertrophic scarring. However, most are quite dissimilar from the actual human event. It has been shown that wounds on the female, red Duroc Pig heal with thick scars. We are attempting to fully validate this model. A fourfold increase in mast cells and formation of collagen nodules have been described as characteristics of human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized the occurrence of nodules and mast cells in Duroc scars is similar. Methods: For nodules, we biopsied human hypertrophic scars (47 cases) taken 5 to 67 months from injury and Duroc scars (six animals) taken 0 to 5 months from injury. For mast cells, we biopsied human hypertrophic scar (five cases) taken 24 to 30 months from injury and Duroc scars (five animals) taken 5 months from injury. We stained the sections with hematoxylin and eosin (nodules) and Giemsa (mast cells) and counted intact mast cells in the upper papillary dermis in 20 and recorded nodules as present or absent. Results: The results are included the table below. Tissue Month n Nodules mean ± SD P Duroc Scar 0–3 10 0 4–5 6 50% NODULES Human Hypertrophic 5–12 9 33% 12–24 22 36% 24–67 16 81% MAST CELLS Duroc Scar 4–5 5 41 ± 26
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histology of the thick scar on the female red Duroc Pig final similarities to human hypertrophic scar
Burns, 2006Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Harunari, Nicole S Gibran, Frank F Isik, G J Carrougher, Paul M Muangman, Kathy Q Zhu, Rebecca T Armendariz, Heike Deubner, Loren H EngravAbstract:The etiology and treatment of hypertrophic scar remain puzzles even after decades of research. A significant reason is the lack of an accepted animal model of the process. The female, red Duroc Pig model was described long ago. Since the skin of the Pig is similar to that of humans, we are attempting to validate this model and found it to be encouraging. In this project we quantified myofibroblasts, mast cells and collagen nodules in the thick scar of the Duroc Pig and compared these to the values for human hypertrophic scar. We found the results to be quite similar and so further validated the model. In addition, we observed that soon after wounding an inflammatory cell layer forms. The thickness of the inflammatory layer approaches the thickness of the skin removed as if the remaining dermis “knows” how much dermis is gone. In deep wounds this inflammatory layer thickens and this thickness is predictive of the thickness of the ultimate scar.
