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Gary N Powell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Torbjorn Akerstedt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • work and sleep a prospective study of psychosocial work factors physical work factors and work scheduling
    Sleep, 2015
    Co-Authors: Torbjorn Akerstedt, Hugo Westerlund, Johanna Garefelt, Anne Richter, Linda Magnusson L Hanson, Magnus Sverke, Goran Kecklund
    Abstract:

    Study Objectives: There is limited knowledge about the prospective relationship between major work characteristics (psychosocial, physical, scheduling) and disturbed sleep. The current study sought to provide such knowledge. Design: Prospective cohort, with measurements on two occasions (T1 and T2) separated by two years. Setting: Naturalistic study, Sweden. Participants: There were 4,827 participants forming a representative sample of the working population. Measurements and Results: Questionnaire data on work factors obtained on two occasions were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Competing models were compared in order to investigate temporal relationships. A reciprocal model was found to fit the data best. Sleep disturbances at T2 were predicted by higher work demands at T1 and by lower perceived stress at T1. In addition, sleep disturbances at T1 predicted subsequent higher perception of stress, higher work demands, lower degree of control, and less social support at work at T2. A cross-sectional mediation analysis showed that (higher) perceived stress mediated the relationship between (higher) work demands and sleep disturbances; however, no such association was found longitudinally. Conclusions: Higher work demands predicted disturbed sleep, whereas physical work characteristics, shift work, and overtime did not. In addition, disturbed sleep predicted subsequent higher work demands, perceived stress, less social support, and lower degree of control. The results suggest that remedial interventions against sleep disturbances should focus on psychosocial factors, and that such remedial interventions may improve the psychosocial work situation in the long run.

  • sleep disturbances work stress and work hours a cross sectional study
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2002
    Co-Authors: Torbjorn Akerstedt, Anders Knutsson, Peter Westerholm, T Theorell, Lars Alfredsson, Goran Kecklund
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective: The study examined the multivariate relationship between disturbed sleep and different work-related and background/life style factors. Methods: 5720 healthy employed men and women living in the greater Stockholm area participated. A factor analysis of eight items provided one main factor: “disturbed sleep.” The data were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression analysis against the index disturbed sleep as well as the separate items “not well rested” and “difficulties awakening.” Results: The results showed that high work demands [odds ratio (OR)=2.15] and physical effort at work (OR=1.94) are risk indicators for disturbed sleep, while high social support is associated with reduced risk (OR=0.44). In addition, higher age (45+), female gender, a high body mass index (BMI) and lack of exercise are background/life style risk indicators. Introducing into the model an item representing inability to stop thinking about work during free time yielded the highest OR (3.20) and forced work demands out of the regression. With regard to not feeling well rested, the same significant predictors, except physical effort, were obtained, as well as for having night work and being married. In addition, the age effect was reversed—high age predicted reduced risk of not feeling well rested. Difficulties awakening was predicted by high work demands, low social support, being male, low age and smoking. It is notable that, whereas subjective sleep quality decreased with age, the difficulties awakening and feelings of not being well rested after sleep increased with age. Conclusion: It was concluded that stress and the social situation at work are strongly linked to disturbed sleep and impaired awakening, that gender and, even more so, age may modify this and that the inability to stop worrying about work during free time may be an important link in the relation between stress and sleep.

Goran Kecklund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • work and sleep a prospective study of psychosocial work factors physical work factors and work scheduling
    Sleep, 2015
    Co-Authors: Torbjorn Akerstedt, Hugo Westerlund, Johanna Garefelt, Anne Richter, Linda Magnusson L Hanson, Magnus Sverke, Goran Kecklund
    Abstract:

    Study Objectives: There is limited knowledge about the prospective relationship between major work characteristics (psychosocial, physical, scheduling) and disturbed sleep. The current study sought to provide such knowledge. Design: Prospective cohort, with measurements on two occasions (T1 and T2) separated by two years. Setting: Naturalistic study, Sweden. Participants: There were 4,827 participants forming a representative sample of the working population. Measurements and Results: Questionnaire data on work factors obtained on two occasions were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Competing models were compared in order to investigate temporal relationships. A reciprocal model was found to fit the data best. Sleep disturbances at T2 were predicted by higher work demands at T1 and by lower perceived stress at T1. In addition, sleep disturbances at T1 predicted subsequent higher perception of stress, higher work demands, lower degree of control, and less social support at work at T2. A cross-sectional mediation analysis showed that (higher) perceived stress mediated the relationship between (higher) work demands and sleep disturbances; however, no such association was found longitudinally. Conclusions: Higher work demands predicted disturbed sleep, whereas physical work characteristics, shift work, and overtime did not. In addition, disturbed sleep predicted subsequent higher work demands, perceived stress, less social support, and lower degree of control. The results suggest that remedial interventions against sleep disturbances should focus on psychosocial factors, and that such remedial interventions may improve the psychosocial work situation in the long run.

  • sleep disturbances work stress and work hours a cross sectional study
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2002
    Co-Authors: Torbjorn Akerstedt, Anders Knutsson, Peter Westerholm, T Theorell, Lars Alfredsson, Goran Kecklund
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective: The study examined the multivariate relationship between disturbed sleep and different work-related and background/life style factors. Methods: 5720 healthy employed men and women living in the greater Stockholm area participated. A factor analysis of eight items provided one main factor: “disturbed sleep.” The data were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression analysis against the index disturbed sleep as well as the separate items “not well rested” and “difficulties awakening.” Results: The results showed that high work demands [odds ratio (OR)=2.15] and physical effort at work (OR=1.94) are risk indicators for disturbed sleep, while high social support is associated with reduced risk (OR=0.44). In addition, higher age (45+), female gender, a high body mass index (BMI) and lack of exercise are background/life style risk indicators. Introducing into the model an item representing inability to stop thinking about work during free time yielded the highest OR (3.20) and forced work demands out of the regression. With regard to not feeling well rested, the same significant predictors, except physical effort, were obtained, as well as for having night work and being married. In addition, the age effect was reversed—high age predicted reduced risk of not feeling well rested. Difficulties awakening was predicted by high work demands, low social support, being male, low age and smoking. It is notable that, whereas subjective sleep quality decreased with age, the difficulties awakening and feelings of not being well rested after sleep increased with age. Conclusion: It was concluded that stress and the social situation at work are strongly linked to disturbed sleep and impaired awakening, that gender and, even more so, age may modify this and that the inability to stop worrying about work during free time may be an important link in the relation between stress and sleep.

Zeynep Aycan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nurses work demands and work family conflict a questionnaire survey
    International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2008
    Co-Authors: Dilek Yildirim, Zeynep Aycan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Work–family conflict is a type of interrole conflict that occurs as a result of incompatible role pressures from the work and family domains. Work role characteristics that are associated with work demands refer to pressures arising from excessive workload and time pressures. Literature suggests that work demands such as number of hours worked, workload, shift work are positively associated with work–family conflict, which, in turn is related to poor mental health and negative organizational attitudes. The role of social support has been an issue of debate in the literature. This study examined social support both as a moderator and a main effect in the relationship among work demands, work-to-family conflict, and satisfaction with job and life. Objectives This study examined the extent to which work demands (i.e., work overload, irregular work schedules, long hours of work, and overtime work) were related to work-to-family conflict as well as life and job satisfaction of nurses in Turkey. The role of supervisory support in the relationship among work demands, work-to-family conflict, and satisfaction with job and life was also investigated. Design and methods The sample was comprised of 243 participants: 106 academic nurses (43.6%) and 137 clinical nurses (56.4%). All of the respondents were female. The research instrument was a questionnaire comprising nine parts. The variables were measured under four categories: work demands, work support (i.e., supervisory support), work-to-family conflict and its outcomes (i.e., life and job satisfaction). Results The structural equation modeling results showed that work overload and irregular work schedules were the significant predictors of work-to-family conflict and that work-to-family conflict was associated with lower job and life satisfaction. Moderated multiple regression analyses showed that social support from the supervisor did not moderate the relationships among work demands, work-to-family conflict, and satisfaction with job and life. Exploratory analyses suggested that social support could be best conceptualized as the main effect directly influencing work-to-family conflict and job satisfaction. Conclusion Nurses' psychological well-being and organizational attitudes could be enhanced by rearranging work conditions to reduce excessive workload and irregular work schedule. Also, leadership development programs should be implemented to increase the instrumental and emotional support of the supervisors.

Sue Campbell Clark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • work family border theory a new theory of work family balance
    Human Relations, 2000
    Co-Authors: Sue Campbell Clark
    Abstract:

    This article introduces work/family border theory - a new theory about work/family balance. According to the theory, people are daily border-crossers between the domains of work and family. The theory addresses how domain integration and segmentation, border creation and management, border-crosser participation, and relationships between border-crossers and others at work and home influence work/family balance. Propositions are given to guide future research.