Ear Canal

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Stephen T Neely - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Air-Leak Effects on Ear-Canal Acoustic Absorbance
    Ear and hearing, 2015
    Co-Authors: Katherine A. Groon, Daniel M. Rasetshwane, Judy G. Kopun, Michael P. Gorga, Stephen T Neely
    Abstract:

    Objective:Accurate Ear-Canal acoustic measurements, such as wideband acoustic admittance, absorbance, and otoacoustic emissions, require that the measurement probe be tightly sealed in the Ear Canal. Air leaks can compromise the validity of the measurements, interfere with calibrations, and increase

  • comparison of nine methods to estimate Ear Canal stimulus levels
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014
    Co-Authors: Natalie N Souza, Stephen T Neely, Sumitrajit Dhar, Jonathan H Siegel
    Abstract:

    The reliability of nine measures of the stimulus level in the human Ear Canal was compared by measuring the sensitivity of behavioral hEaring thresholds to changes in the depth of insertion of an otoacoustic emission probe. Four measures were the Ear-Canal pressure, the Eardrum pressure estimated from it and the pressure measured in an Ear simulator with and without compensation for insertion depth. The remaining five quantities were derived from the Ear-Canal pressure and the Thevenin-equivalent source characteristics of the probe: Forward pressure, initial forward pressure, the pressure transmitted into the middle Ear, Eardrum sound pressure estimated by summing the magnitudes of the forward and reverse pressure (integrated pressure) and absorbed power. Two sets of behavioral thresholds were measured in 26 subjects from 0.125 to 20 kHz, with the probe inserted at relatively deep and shallow positions in the Ear Canal. The greatest dependence on insertion depth was for transmitted pressure and absorbed power. The measures with the least dependence on insertion depth throughout the frequency range (best performance) included the depth-compensated simulator, Eardrum, forward, and integrated pressures. Among these, forward pressure is advantageous because it quantifies stimulus phase.

  • factors that introduce intrasubject variability into Ear Canal absorbance measurements
    Ear and Hearing, 2013
    Co-Authors: Susan E Voss, Stephen T Neely, Stefan Stenfelt, John J Rosowski
    Abstract:

    Wideband immittance measures can be useful in analyzing acoustic sound flow through the Ear and also have diagnostic potential for the identification of conductive hEaring loss as well as causes of conductive hEaring loss. To interpret individual measurements, the variability in test–retest data must be described and quantified. Contributors to variability in Ear-Canal absorbance–based measurements are described in this article. These include assumptions related to methodologies and issues related to the probe fit within the Ear and potential acoustic leaks. Evidence suggests that variations in Ear-Canal cross-sectional area or measurement location are small relative to variability within a population. Data are shown to suggest that the determination of the Thevenin equivalent of the ER-10C probe introduces minimal variability and is independent of the foam Ear tip itself. It is suggested that acoustic leaks in the coupling of the Ear tip to the Ear Canal lead to substantial variations and that this issue needs further work in terms of potential criteria to identify an acoustic leak. In addition, test–retest data from the literature are reviewed.

  • Alternative Ear-Canal measures related to absorbance.
    Ear and hearing, 2013
    Co-Authors: Stephen T Neely, Stefan Stenfelt, Kim S Schairer
    Abstract:

    Several alternative Ear-Canal measures are similar to absorbance in their requirement for prior determination of a Thévenin-equivalent sound source. Examples are (1) sound intensity level, (2) forward pressure level, (3) time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance, and (4) cochlEar reflectance. These four related measures are similar to absorbance in their utilization of wideband stimuli and their focus on recording Ear-Canal sound pressure. The related measures differ from absorbance in how the Ear-Canal pressure is analyzed and in the type of information that is extracted from the recorded response. Sound intensity level and forward pressure level have both been shown to be better as measures of sound level in the Ear Canal compared with sound pressure level because they reduced calibration errors due to standing waves in studies of behavioral thresholds and otoacoustic emissions. Time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance may be used to estimate Ear-Canal geometry and may have the potential to assess middle Ear pathology. CochlEar reflectance reveals information about the inner Ear that is similar to what is provided by other types of otoacoustic emissions, and may have theoretical advantages that strengthen its interpretation.

  • Alternative Ear-Canal measures related to absorbance.
    Ear and Hearing, 2013
    Co-Authors: Stephen T Neely, Stefan Stenfelt, Kim S Schairer
    Abstract:

    Several alternative Ear-Canal measures are similar to absorbance in their requirement for prior determination of a Thevenin-equivalent sound source. Examples are (1) sound intensity level, (2) forward pressure level, (3) time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance, and (4) cochlEar reflectance. These four related measures are similar to absorbance in their utilization of wideband stimuli and their focus on recording Ear-Canal sound pressure. The related measures differ from absorbance in how the Ear-Canal pressure is analyzed and in the type of information that is extracted from the recorded response. Sound intensity level and forward pressure level have both been shown to be better as measures of sound level in the Ear Canal compared with sound pressure level because they reduced calibration errors due to standing waves in studies of behavioral thresholds and otoacoustic emissions. Time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance may be used to estimate Ear-Canal geometry and may have the potential to assess middle Ear pathology. CochlEar reflectance reveals information about the inner Ear that is similar to what is provided by other types of otoacoustic emissions, and may have theoretical advantages that strengthen its interpretation.

Stefan Stenfelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • factors that introduce intrasubject variability into Ear Canal absorbance measurements
    Ear and Hearing, 2013
    Co-Authors: Susan E Voss, Stephen T Neely, Stefan Stenfelt, John J Rosowski
    Abstract:

    Wideband immittance measures can be useful in analyzing acoustic sound flow through the Ear and also have diagnostic potential for the identification of conductive hEaring loss as well as causes of conductive hEaring loss. To interpret individual measurements, the variability in test–retest data must be described and quantified. Contributors to variability in Ear-Canal absorbance–based measurements are described in this article. These include assumptions related to methodologies and issues related to the probe fit within the Ear and potential acoustic leaks. Evidence suggests that variations in Ear-Canal cross-sectional area or measurement location are small relative to variability within a population. Data are shown to suggest that the determination of the Thevenin equivalent of the ER-10C probe introduces minimal variability and is independent of the foam Ear tip itself. It is suggested that acoustic leaks in the coupling of the Ear tip to the Ear Canal lead to substantial variations and that this issue needs further work in terms of potential criteria to identify an acoustic leak. In addition, test–retest data from the literature are reviewed.

  • Alternative Ear-Canal measures related to absorbance.
    Ear and hearing, 2013
    Co-Authors: Stephen T Neely, Stefan Stenfelt, Kim S Schairer
    Abstract:

    Several alternative Ear-Canal measures are similar to absorbance in their requirement for prior determination of a Thévenin-equivalent sound source. Examples are (1) sound intensity level, (2) forward pressure level, (3) time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance, and (4) cochlEar reflectance. These four related measures are similar to absorbance in their utilization of wideband stimuli and their focus on recording Ear-Canal sound pressure. The related measures differ from absorbance in how the Ear-Canal pressure is analyzed and in the type of information that is extracted from the recorded response. Sound intensity level and forward pressure level have both been shown to be better as measures of sound level in the Ear Canal compared with sound pressure level because they reduced calibration errors due to standing waves in studies of behavioral thresholds and otoacoustic emissions. Time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance may be used to estimate Ear-Canal geometry and may have the potential to assess middle Ear pathology. CochlEar reflectance reveals information about the inner Ear that is similar to what is provided by other types of otoacoustic emissions, and may have theoretical advantages that strengthen its interpretation.

  • Alternative Ear-Canal measures related to absorbance.
    Ear and Hearing, 2013
    Co-Authors: Stephen T Neely, Stefan Stenfelt, Kim S Schairer
    Abstract:

    Several alternative Ear-Canal measures are similar to absorbance in their requirement for prior determination of a Thevenin-equivalent sound source. Examples are (1) sound intensity level, (2) forward pressure level, (3) time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance, and (4) cochlEar reflectance. These four related measures are similar to absorbance in their utilization of wideband stimuli and their focus on recording Ear-Canal sound pressure. The related measures differ from absorbance in how the Ear-Canal pressure is analyzed and in the type of information that is extracted from the recorded response. Sound intensity level and forward pressure level have both been shown to be better as measures of sound level in the Ear Canal compared with sound pressure level because they reduced calibration errors due to standing waves in studies of behavioral thresholds and otoacoustic emissions. Time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance may be used to estimate Ear-Canal geometry and may have the potential to assess middle Ear pathology. CochlEar reflectance reveals information about the inner Ear that is similar to what is provided by other types of otoacoustic emissions, and may have theoretical advantages that strengthen its interpretation.

Kim S Schairer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Alternative Ear-Canal measures related to absorbance.
    Ear and hearing, 2013
    Co-Authors: Stephen T Neely, Stefan Stenfelt, Kim S Schairer
    Abstract:

    Several alternative Ear-Canal measures are similar to absorbance in their requirement for prior determination of a Thévenin-equivalent sound source. Examples are (1) sound intensity level, (2) forward pressure level, (3) time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance, and (4) cochlEar reflectance. These four related measures are similar to absorbance in their utilization of wideband stimuli and their focus on recording Ear-Canal sound pressure. The related measures differ from absorbance in how the Ear-Canal pressure is analyzed and in the type of information that is extracted from the recorded response. Sound intensity level and forward pressure level have both been shown to be better as measures of sound level in the Ear Canal compared with sound pressure level because they reduced calibration errors due to standing waves in studies of behavioral thresholds and otoacoustic emissions. Time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance may be used to estimate Ear-Canal geometry and may have the potential to assess middle Ear pathology. CochlEar reflectance reveals information about the inner Ear that is similar to what is provided by other types of otoacoustic emissions, and may have theoretical advantages that strengthen its interpretation.

  • Alternative Ear-Canal measures related to absorbance.
    Ear and Hearing, 2013
    Co-Authors: Stephen T Neely, Stefan Stenfelt, Kim S Schairer
    Abstract:

    Several alternative Ear-Canal measures are similar to absorbance in their requirement for prior determination of a Thevenin-equivalent sound source. Examples are (1) sound intensity level, (2) forward pressure level, (3) time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance, and (4) cochlEar reflectance. These four related measures are similar to absorbance in their utilization of wideband stimuli and their focus on recording Ear-Canal sound pressure. The related measures differ from absorbance in how the Ear-Canal pressure is analyzed and in the type of information that is extracted from the recorded response. Sound intensity level and forward pressure level have both been shown to be better as measures of sound level in the Ear Canal compared with sound pressure level because they reduced calibration errors due to standing waves in studies of behavioral thresholds and otoacoustic emissions. Time-domain Ear-Canal reflectance may be used to estimate Ear-Canal geometry and may have the potential to assess middle Ear pathology. CochlEar reflectance reveals information about the inner Ear that is similar to what is provided by other types of otoacoustic emissions, and may have theoretical advantages that strengthen its interpretation.

Jun Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Estimating Ear Canal geometry and Eardrum reflection coefficient from Ear Canal input impedance
    2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2016
    Co-Authors: Huiqun Deng, Jun Yang
    Abstract:

    Based on the signal model of Ear Canals, a novel method for solving the inverse problem of estimating the unique solution of the Ear Canal area function and the Eardrum reflection coefficient given the acoustic input impedance at the entrance of an Ear Canal is presented. Up-sampling techniques to improve the accuracy of the estimates are also presented. The performance of this method and factors affecting the accuracy of the estimates are investigated via simulations. It is found that the accuracy of the estimates is limited by the measurement bandwidth of the given Ear Canal input impedance. In the audio frequency range, the estimates obtained approximate well to the true ones. To obtain more accurate estimates, a wider measurement bandwidth of the Ear Canal input impedance is required.

  • ICASSP - Estimating Ear Canal geometry and Eardrum reflection coefficient from Ear Canal input impedance
    2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2016
    Co-Authors: Huiqun Deng, Jun Yang
    Abstract:

    Based on the signal model of Ear Canals, a novel method for solving the inverse problem of estimating the unique solution of the Ear Canal area function and the Eardrum reflection coefficient given the acoustic input impedance at the entrance of an Ear Canal is presented. Up-sampling techniques to improve the accuracy of the estimates are also presented. The performance of this method and factors affecting the accuracy of the estimates are investigated via simulations. It is found that the accuracy of the estimates is limited by the measurement bandwidth of the given Ear Canal input impedance. In the audio frequency range, the estimates obtained approximate well to the true ones. To obtain more accurate estimates, a wider measurement bandwidth of the Ear Canal input impedance is required.

Huiqun Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • MMSP - Measuring Ear-Canal Reflectance and Estimating Ear-Canal Area Functions and Eardrum Reflectance
    2018 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), 2018
    Co-Authors: Huiqun Deng
    Abstract:

    Ear-Canal reflectance contains information about Ear-Canal cross-sectional area functions and Eardrum reflectance. These are important in audiology and the design of modern hEaring aids and headphones. This paper investigates the inversion method for jointly estimating Ear-Canal cross-sectional area function and Eardrum reflectance, given the acoustic reflectance measured at the entrance of the Ear Canal. It is found through physical experiments and simulations that the estimated cross-sectional area function is spatially band-limited to $2F_{c}/c$, where $\pmb{F}_{c}$ is the frequency bandwidth of the low-pass filtered reflectance used in the inversion, and $c$ is the speed of sound. If the actual spatial bandwidth of the area function under estimation is higher than this, then Gibbs ripples appEar in the estimated area function. A method is presented for the accurate measurements of Ear-Canal reflectance, and results are presented for two subjects along with the estimated Ear-Canal area functions and Eardrum reflectance.

  • Estimating Ear Canal geometry and Eardrum reflection coefficient from Ear Canal input impedance
    2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2016
    Co-Authors: Huiqun Deng, Jun Yang
    Abstract:

    Based on the signal model of Ear Canals, a novel method for solving the inverse problem of estimating the unique solution of the Ear Canal area function and the Eardrum reflection coefficient given the acoustic input impedance at the entrance of an Ear Canal is presented. Up-sampling techniques to improve the accuracy of the estimates are also presented. The performance of this method and factors affecting the accuracy of the estimates are investigated via simulations. It is found that the accuracy of the estimates is limited by the measurement bandwidth of the given Ear Canal input impedance. In the audio frequency range, the estimates obtained approximate well to the true ones. To obtain more accurate estimates, a wider measurement bandwidth of the Ear Canal input impedance is required.

  • ICASSP - Estimating Ear Canal geometry and Eardrum reflection coefficient from Ear Canal input impedance
    2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2016
    Co-Authors: Huiqun Deng, Jun Yang
    Abstract:

    Based on the signal model of Ear Canals, a novel method for solving the inverse problem of estimating the unique solution of the Ear Canal area function and the Eardrum reflection coefficient given the acoustic input impedance at the entrance of an Ear Canal is presented. Up-sampling techniques to improve the accuracy of the estimates are also presented. The performance of this method and factors affecting the accuracy of the estimates are investigated via simulations. It is found that the accuracy of the estimates is limited by the measurement bandwidth of the given Ear Canal input impedance. In the audio frequency range, the estimates obtained approximate well to the true ones. To obtain more accurate estimates, a wider measurement bandwidth of the Ear Canal input impedance is required.