The Experts below are selected from a list of 240 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Walter M. Boyce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEarCH ARTICLE Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA
2016Co-Authors: Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Uro-cyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)—48.9 % of the dead foxes examined from 2001–2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature ( 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007–2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with ea
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Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, T. Winston Vickers, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) and Ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nEarly all foxes examined were found to be infected with Ear Mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes ≥ 4 yEars of age. We hypothesized that reduction of Ear Mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG and IgE antibody levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating Mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evidence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing Ear Mites, and that Mite removal in turn reduces Ear lesions and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels in Santa Catalina Island foxes. This study has advanced our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis which results in ceruminous gland tumors, and has helped inform management decisions that impact species conservation.
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Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: T. Winston Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)--48.9% of the dead foxes examined from 2001-2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature (≥ 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007-2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with Ear Mites, and an innate, over exuberant inflammatory and hyperplastic response of SCA foxes to these Mites. Foxes on SCA are now opportunistically treated with acaricides in an attempt to reduce Mite infections and the morbidity and mortality associated with this highly prevalent tumor.
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Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection in treated and untreated Island foxes.
2015Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:Prevalence: number of foxes with Mites/total number of foxes. Intensity of infection: median Ear Mite count. Number of treated and untreated foxes (t0: 59, 58; t1: 39, 42; t2: 24, 36; t3: 40, 36). Range of values for Mite intensity shown in parentheses above each bar. Foxes excluded from analysis: one untreated fox at t1 and t2 (missing Mite count), one untreated fox at t3 (accidentally treated at t2). a, b, c Significant difference (PEarson’s chi-square test, p < 0.001). d Significant difference (McNemar’s chi-square test, p< 0.001). e, f, g Significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001). h, i Significant difference (Friedman test, p < 0.001, p = 0.02).
Julie L. King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ear Mite infection is associated with altered microbial communities in genetically depauperate Santa Catalina Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae)
Molecular ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Alexandra L. Decandia, Julie L. King, Lara J. Brenner, Bridgett M. VonholdtAbstract:The host-associated microbiome is increasingly recognized as a critical player in health and immunity. Recent studies have shown that disruption of commensal microbial communities can contribute to disease pathogenesis and severity. Santa Catalina Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) present a compelling system in which to examine microbial dynamics in wildlife due to their depauperate genomic structure and extremely high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors. Although the precise cause is yet unknown, infection with Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) has been linked to chronic inflammation, which is associated with abnormal cell growth and tumor development. Given the paucity of genomic variation in these foxes, other dimensions of molecular diversity, such as commensal microbes, may be critical to host response and disease pathology. We characterized the host-associated microbiome across six body sites of Santa Catalina Island foxes, and performed differential abundance testing between healthy and Mite-infected Ear canals. We found that Mite infection was significantly associated with reduced microbial diversity and evenness, with the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius dominating the Ear canal community. These results suggest that secondary bacterial infection may contribute to the sustained inflammation associated with tumor development. As the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains remains a concern of the medical, veterinary, and conservation communities, uncovering high relative abundance of S. pseudintermedius provides critical insight into the pathogenesis of this complex system. Through use of culture-independent sequencing techniques, this study contributes to the broader effort of applying a more inclusive understanding of molecular diversity to questions within wildlife disease ecology.
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RESEarCH ARTICLE Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA
2016Co-Authors: Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Uro-cyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)—48.9 % of the dead foxes examined from 2001–2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature ( 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007–2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with ea
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RESEarCH ARTICLE Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development
2016Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, M. BoyceAbstract:Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) and Ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nEarly all foxes examined were found to be infected with Ear Mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes 4 yEars of age. We hypothe-sized that reduction of Ear Mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG and IgE anti-body levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating Mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evi-dence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing Ear Mites, and that mit
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Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, T. Winston Vickers, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) and Ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nEarly all foxes examined were found to be infected with Ear Mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes ≥ 4 yEars of age. We hypothesized that reduction of Ear Mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG and IgE antibody levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating Mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evidence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing Ear Mites, and that Mite removal in turn reduces Ear lesions and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels in Santa Catalina Island foxes. This study has advanced our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis which results in ceruminous gland tumors, and has helped inform management decisions that impact species conservation.
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Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: T. Winston Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)--48.9% of the dead foxes examined from 2001-2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature (≥ 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007-2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with Ear Mites, and an innate, over exuberant inflammatory and hyperplastic response of SCA foxes to these Mites. Foxes on SCA are now opportunistically treated with acaricides in an attempt to reduce Mite infections and the morbidity and mortality associated with this highly prevalent tumor.
Deana L. Clifford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEarCH ARTICLE Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA
2016Co-Authors: Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Uro-cyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)—48.9 % of the dead foxes examined from 2001–2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature ( 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007–2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with ea
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RESEarCH ARTICLE Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development
2016Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, M. BoyceAbstract:Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) and Ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nEarly all foxes examined were found to be infected with Ear Mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes 4 yEars of age. We hypothe-sized that reduction of Ear Mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG and IgE anti-body levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating Mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evi-dence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing Ear Mites, and that mit
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Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, T. Winston Vickers, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) and Ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nEarly all foxes examined were found to be infected with Ear Mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes ≥ 4 yEars of age. We hypothesized that reduction of Ear Mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG and IgE antibody levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating Mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evidence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing Ear Mites, and that Mite removal in turn reduces Ear lesions and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels in Santa Catalina Island foxes. This study has advanced our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis which results in ceruminous gland tumors, and has helped inform management decisions that impact species conservation.
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Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: T. Winston Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)--48.9% of the dead foxes examined from 2001-2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature (≥ 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007-2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with Ear Mites, and an innate, over exuberant inflammatory and hyperplastic response of SCA foxes to these Mites. Foxes on SCA are now opportunistically treated with acaricides in an attempt to reduce Mite infections and the morbidity and mortality associated with this highly prevalent tumor.
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Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection in treated and untreated Island foxes.
2015Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:Prevalence: number of foxes with Mites/total number of foxes. Intensity of infection: median Ear Mite count. Number of treated and untreated foxes (t0: 59, 58; t1: 39, 42; t2: 24, 36; t3: 40, 36). Range of values for Mite intensity shown in parentheses above each bar. Foxes excluded from analysis: one untreated fox at t1 and t2 (missing Mite count), one untreated fox at t3 (accidentally treated at t2). a, b, c Significant difference (PEarson’s chi-square test, p < 0.001). d Significant difference (McNemar’s chi-square test, p< 0.001). e, f, g Significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001). h, i Significant difference (Friedman test, p < 0.001, p = 0.02).
David K. Garcelon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEarCH ARTICLE Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA
2016Co-Authors: Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Uro-cyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)—48.9 % of the dead foxes examined from 2001–2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature ( 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007–2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with ea
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RESEarCH ARTICLE Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development
2016Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, M. BoyceAbstract:Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) and Ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nEarly all foxes examined were found to be infected with Ear Mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes 4 yEars of age. We hypothe-sized that reduction of Ear Mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG and IgE anti-body levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating Mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evi-dence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing Ear Mites, and that mit
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Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, T. Winston Vickers, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) and Ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nEarly all foxes examined were found to be infected with Ear Mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes ≥ 4 yEars of age. We hypothesized that reduction of Ear Mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG and IgE antibody levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating Mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evidence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing Ear Mites, and that Mite removal in turn reduces Ear lesions and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels in Santa Catalina Island foxes. This study has advanced our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis which results in ceruminous gland tumors, and has helped inform management decisions that impact species conservation.
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Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: T. Winston Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)--48.9% of the dead foxes examined from 2001-2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature (≥ 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007-2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with Ear Mites, and an innate, over exuberant inflammatory and hyperplastic response of SCA foxes to these Mites. Foxes on SCA are now opportunistically treated with acaricides in an attempt to reduce Mite infections and the morbidity and mortality associated with this highly prevalent tumor.
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Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection in treated and untreated Island foxes.
2015Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:Prevalence: number of foxes with Mites/total number of foxes. Intensity of infection: median Ear Mite count. Number of treated and untreated foxes (t0: 59, 58; t1: 39, 42; t2: 24, 36; t3: 40, 36). Range of values for Mite intensity shown in parentheses above each bar. Foxes excluded from analysis: one untreated fox at t1 and t2 (missing Mite count), one untreated fox at t3 (accidentally treated at t2). a, b, c Significant difference (PEarson’s chi-square test, p < 0.001). d Significant difference (McNemar’s chi-square test, p< 0.001). e, f, g Significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001). h, i Significant difference (Friedman test, p < 0.001, p = 0.02).
Patricia M. Gaffney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEarCH ARTICLE Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA
2016Co-Authors: Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Uro-cyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)—48.9 % of the dead foxes examined from 2001–2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature ( 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007–2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with ea
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RESEarCH ARTICLE Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development
2016Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, M. BoyceAbstract:Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) and Ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nEarly all foxes examined were found to be infected with Ear Mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes 4 yEars of age. We hypothe-sized that reduction of Ear Mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG and IgE anti-body levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating Mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evi-dence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing Ear Mites, and that mit
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Ear Mite Removal in the Santa Catalina Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis catalinae): Controlling Risk Factors for Cancer Development
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, T. Winston Vickers, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis) and Ear canal tumors are highly prevalent among federally endangered Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) living on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of Southern California. Since studies began in the 1990s, nEarly all foxes examined were found to be infected with Ear Mites, and ceruminous gland tumors (carcinomas and adenomas) were detected in approximately half of all foxes ≥ 4 yEars of age. We hypothesized that reduction of Ear Mite infection would reduce otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, a risk factor for tumor development. In this study, we conducted a randomized field trial to assess the impact of acaricide treatment on Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection, otitis externa, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG and IgE antibody levels. Treatment was highly effective at eliminating Mites and reducing otitis externa and ceruminous gland hyperplasia, and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels were significantly lower among uninfected foxes. Ceruminous gland hyperplasia increased in the chronically infected, untreated foxes during the six month study. Our results provide compelling evidence that acaricide treatment is an effective means of reducing Ear Mites, and that Mite removal in turn reduces Ear lesions and Mite-specific IgG antibody levels in Santa Catalina Island foxes. This study has advanced our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis which results in ceruminous gland tumors, and has helped inform management decisions that impact species conservation.
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Pathology and Epidemiology of Ceruminous Gland Tumors among Endangered Santa Catalina Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) in the Channel Islands, USA.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: T. Winston Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:In this study, we examined the prevalence, pathology, and epidemiology of tumors in free-ranging island foxes occurring on three islands in the California Channel Islands, USA. We found a remarkably high prevalence of ceruminous gland tumors in endangered foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) occurring on Santa Catalina Island (SCA)--48.9% of the dead foxes examined from 2001-2008 had tumors in their Ears, and tumors were found in 52.2% of randomly-selected mature (≥ 4 yEars) foxes captured in 2007-2008, representing one of the highest prevalences of tumors ever documented in a wildlife population. In contrast, no tumors were detected in foxes from San Nicolas Island or San Clemente Island, although Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis), a predisposing factor for ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats, were highly prevalent on all three islands. On SCA, otitis externa secondary to Ear Mite infection was highly correlated with ceruminous gland hyperplasia (CGH), and tumors were significantly associated with the severity of CGH, ceruminous gland dysplasia, and age group (older foxes). We propose a conceptual model for the formation of ceruminous gland tumors in foxes on SCA that is based on persistent, ubiquitous infection with Ear Mites, and an innate, over exuberant inflammatory and hyperplastic response of SCA foxes to these Mites. Foxes on SCA are now opportunistically treated with acaricides in an attempt to reduce Mite infections and the morbidity and mortality associated with this highly prevalent tumor.
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Ear Mite prevalence and intensity of infection in treated and untreated Island foxes.
2015Co-Authors: Megan E. Moriarty, Winston T. Vickers, Deana L. Clifford, David K. Garcelon, Patricia M. Gaffney, Kenneth W. Lee, Julie L. King, Calvin L. Duncan, Walter M. BoyceAbstract:Prevalence: number of foxes with Mites/total number of foxes. Intensity of infection: median Ear Mite count. Number of treated and untreated foxes (t0: 59, 58; t1: 39, 42; t2: 24, 36; t3: 40, 36). Range of values for Mite intensity shown in parentheses above each bar. Foxes excluded from analysis: one untreated fox at t1 and t2 (missing Mite count), one untreated fox at t3 (accidentally treated at t2). a, b, c Significant difference (PEarson’s chi-square test, p < 0.001). d Significant difference (McNemar’s chi-square test, p< 0.001). e, f, g Significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001). h, i Significant difference (Friedman test, p < 0.001, p = 0.02).
