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Shirong Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The responses of dominant tree species to climate warming at the treeline on the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau
Forest Ecology and Management, 2018Co-Authors: Mingming Guo, Fengxue Gu, Xiaochun Wang, Yuandong Zhang, Shirong LiuAbstract:Tree growth at boreal/alpine treelines is generally expected to be stimulated by climate warming. However, tree growth has been shown to have changed insignificantly or reduced in numerous studies. Tree response to climate warming also varies among species in the same eco-region. The Tibetan Plateau has experienced rapid warming in the past several decades. It remains unknown how the dominant species in this region have responded to this warming, which is expected to significantly influence treeline dynamics. We obtained 288 tree cores from fir (Abies faxoniana and Abies squamata) and spruce (Picea purpurea and Picea baifouriana) at six treeline sites on the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau to detect their growth trends and climate responses. The results showed that the growth of fir did not change significantly at any site, whereas spruce growth increased, especially at the Songpan and Luhuo sites. The strong negative temperature or positive moisture controls of April on fir growth indicated spring drought stress. The radial growth of spruce was positively related to June and July temperature; at the Songpan and Luhuo sites, it was also positively related to the temperature from February to April. The results indicate that both pre-growing season temperature and growing season temperature accelerate spruce growth, whereas pre-growing season temperature causes drought stress to fir. The tree species composition at the alpine treeline on the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau will change as warming continues.
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spatial analysis of remnant tree effects in a secondary abies betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the qinghai tibetan plateau china
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Ning Miao, Shirong Liu, Timothy Moermond, Zuomin Shi, Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract Remnant trees, remaining after large-scale disturbance of forests, have been shown to exhibit noticeable ecological effects on the recovery of ecosystem functions. Although it is well known that remnant trees may serve as dispersal foci, their effects on the spatial pattern of later stages of dominant tree species in natural secondary forest have not been fully appreciated. To explore the spatial influences of remnant trees on later stages of dominant tree species of a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we mapped all the trees in a 200 m × 200 m plot. We used spatial point pattern analysis including O-ring statistics to analyze the spatial associations between old-growth remnant trees and two dominant tree species of later stages. Abies faxoniana and Betula albo-sinensis, comparing different size-classes at different spatial scales. Our results showed that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of the shade-tolerant species, A. faxoniana, showed significantly positive associations to the old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that remnant trees provided favourable sites for the regeneration of shade-tolerant species. In contrast, small, and medium trees of the shade-intolerant species, B. albo-sinensis, showed significantly negative associations to old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that the remnant trees hinder their regeneration. For old-growth remnant trees, the O12(r) function value (density) of their seedlings, saplings, small trees, and medium trees was calculated at increasingly greater concentric scales (with radius from 0 to 100 m from the remnant trees). Tree density first increased rapidly from 0 to 10 m or 20 m radius (distance from remnant tree) and then decreased continually away from remnant trees, consistent in part with the population recruitment curve proposed by the Janzen–Connell model. We found that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of A. faxoniana tended to distribute within a particular range of annuli around the remnant trees of A. faxoniana, with the densities of the three largest size-classes reaching a maximum within 3–6 m of the remnant tree. The densities beyond the parent remnant trees continued to show an increasingly expanding zone of attraction around the remnant tree. In effect, the small and medium A. faxoniana trees coalesced around remnant trees to create increasingly enlarged canopy cover areas, which served simultaneously as protected zones for A. faxoniana regeneration and extended exclusion zones for B. albo-sinensis and similar shade intolerant species.
Yu Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatial analysis of remnant tree effects in a secondary abies betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the qinghai tibetan plateau china
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Ning Miao, Shirong Liu, Timothy Moermond, Zuomin Shi, Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract Remnant trees, remaining after large-scale disturbance of forests, have been shown to exhibit noticeable ecological effects on the recovery of ecosystem functions. Although it is well known that remnant trees may serve as dispersal foci, their effects on the spatial pattern of later stages of dominant tree species in natural secondary forest have not been fully appreciated. To explore the spatial influences of remnant trees on later stages of dominant tree species of a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we mapped all the trees in a 200 m × 200 m plot. We used spatial point pattern analysis including O-ring statistics to analyze the spatial associations between old-growth remnant trees and two dominant tree species of later stages. Abies faxoniana and Betula albo-sinensis, comparing different size-classes at different spatial scales. Our results showed that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of the shade-tolerant species, A. faxoniana, showed significantly positive associations to the old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that remnant trees provided favourable sites for the regeneration of shade-tolerant species. In contrast, small, and medium trees of the shade-intolerant species, B. albo-sinensis, showed significantly negative associations to old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that the remnant trees hinder their regeneration. For old-growth remnant trees, the O12(r) function value (density) of their seedlings, saplings, small trees, and medium trees was calculated at increasingly greater concentric scales (with radius from 0 to 100 m from the remnant trees). Tree density first increased rapidly from 0 to 10 m or 20 m radius (distance from remnant tree) and then decreased continually away from remnant trees, consistent in part with the population recruitment curve proposed by the Janzen–Connell model. We found that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of A. faxoniana tended to distribute within a particular range of annuli around the remnant trees of A. faxoniana, with the densities of the three largest size-classes reaching a maximum within 3–6 m of the remnant tree. The densities beyond the parent remnant trees continued to show an increasingly expanding zone of attraction around the remnant tree. In effect, the small and medium A. faxoniana trees coalesced around remnant trees to create increasingly enlarged canopy cover areas, which served simultaneously as protected zones for A. faxoniana regeneration and extended exclusion zones for B. albo-sinensis and similar shade intolerant species.
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Spatial analysis of remnant tree effects in a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Ning Miao, Liu Shirong, Shi Zuomin, Timothy Moermond, Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract Remnant trees, remaining after large-scale disturbance of forests, have been shown to exhibit noticeable ecological effects on the recovery of ecosystem functions. Although it is well known that remnant trees may serve as dispersal foci, their effects on the spatial pattern of later stages of dominant tree species in natural secondary forest have not been fully appreciated. To explore the spatial influences of remnant trees on later stages of dominant tree species of a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we mapped all the trees in a 200 m × 200 m plot. We used spatial point pattern analysis including O-ring statistics to analyze the spatial associations between old-growth remnant trees and two dominant tree species of later stages. Abies faxoniana and Betula albo-sinensis, comparing different size-classes at different spatial scales. Our results showed that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of the shade-tolerant species, A. faxoniana, showed significantly positive associations to the old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that remnant trees provided favourable sites for the regeneration of shade-tolerant species. In contrast, small, and medium trees of the shade-intolerant species, B. albo-sinensis, showed significantly negative associations to old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that the remnant trees hinder their regeneration. For old-growth remnant trees, the O12(r) function value (density) of their seedlings, saplings, small trees, and medium trees was calculated at increasingly greater concentric scales (with radius from 0 to 100 m from the remnant trees). Tree density first increased rapidly from 0 to 10 m or 20 m radius (distance from remnant tree) and then decreased continually away from remnant trees, consistent in part with the population recruitment curve proposed by the Janzen–Connell model. We found that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of A. faxoniana tended to distribute within a particular range of annuli around the remnant trees of A. faxoniana, with the densities of the three largest size-classes reaching a maximum within 3–6 m of the remnant tree. The densities beyond the parent remnant trees continued to show an increasingly expanding zone of attraction around the remnant tree. In effect, the small and medium A. faxoniana trees coalesced around remnant trees to create increasingly enlarged canopy cover areas, which served simultaneously as protected zones for A. faxoniana regeneration and extended exclusion zones for B. albo-sinensis and similar shade intolerant species.
Christophe Maes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reinvigorating research on the Western Pacific warm pool – first workshop
2012Co-Authors: Jaclyn N. Brown, Christophe Maes, A. Sen Gupta, Richard J. Matear, Sophie Cravatte, Clothilde Langlais, F GrahamAbstract:The first workshop of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) took place in Hobart, Australia, on 4-8th March, 2013. The main objective of the workshop was to revisit some of the fundamental mechanisms driving the dynamics of the WPWP, particularly at its equatorial Eastern Edge, to determine whether further research was warranted and what form this should take. The WPWP was the topic of extensive research in the Tropical Ocean – Global Atmosphere (TOGA) – Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) international programme (Webster and Lukas 1992). The program led to many papers characterising the WPWP and discussing the implications of its existence and behaviour. Picaut et al. (2001) reviews some of these findings and pointed out the importance of its Eastern Edge along the equator.
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Detection of the Eastern Edge of the western Pacific warm pool
2011Co-Authors: Christophe Maes, Joël SudreAbstract:The eastward advection of warm and less saline water from the western Pacific together with the westward advection of cold and more saline water from the central-Eastern Pacific induces a convergence of water masses at the Eastern Edge of the so called western Pacific warm pool. The simultaneous zonal migrations of the western Pacific warm pool and atmospheric deep convection are essential precursors of the warming associated with the arrival of El Nino conditions in the Eastern Pacific. These zonal displacements, ranging over about one fifth of the equatorial circumference of the Earth, are in phase with the Southern Oscillation and the characteristics of the main parameters involved in the air-sea interactions have been shown to be nearly constant on each side of such convergence zone. The zonal displacements associated with the western Pacific warm pool are at the origin of a notable modification of the delayed action oscillator theory, the leading theory for the El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. The variability of the Eastern Edge of the warm pool is thus crucial to understand and to monitor within the context of seasonal-to-interannual climate variations. The analysis of satellite-based ocean color data shows that low concentrations of surface chlorophyll-a found in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean varies in phase with the Eastern Edge of the western Pacific warm pool. As is true for high sea surface temperatures, the existence and maintenance of these low concentrations are linked to the upper ocean stratification due to salinity. The present study also establishes the quasi permanence of a frontal zone in chlorophyll-a separating the regimes of the western region and the Eastern-central cold tongue and, through the identification of this front in satellite-based ocean color data, it provides, for the first time, a reliable method for locating the Eastern Edge of the warm pool from surface observations only. Finally, the recognition of this front offers the opportunity to define a simple and robust index of the horizontal extension of the western Pacific warm pool within the context of ENSO variability. These results suggest that coupled models used for El Nino research and forecasting should be able to reproduce these important features.
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Detection of the Eastern Edge of the Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool Using Satellite-Based Ocean Color Observations
SOLA, 2010Co-Authors: Christophe Maes, Joël Sudre, Véronique GarçonAbstract:The analysis of satellite-based ocean color data shows that low concentrations of surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) found in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean varies in phase with the Eastern Edge of the warm pool. As is true for high sea surface temperatures, the existence and maintenance of these low concentrations are linked to the upper ocean stratification due to salinity. The present study also establishes the quasi permanence of a frontal zone in chlorophyll-a separating the regimes of the western region and the Eastern-central cold tongue and, through the identification of this front in satellite-based ocean color data, it provides, for the first time, a reliable method for locating the Eastern Edge of the warm pool from surface observations only. Finally, the recognition of this front offers the opportunity to define a simple and robust index of the horizontal extension of the equatorial Pacific warm pool within the context of the ENSO variability.
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On the ocean salinity stratification observed at the Eastern Edge of the equatorial Pacific warm pool
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008Co-Authors: Christophe MaesAbstract:[1] The observations collected during a series of three oceanographic cruises dedicated to the study of the frontal zone at the Eastern Edge of the equatorial Pacific warm pool are used to study the role of salinity in the static stratification of the ocean upper layers. By combining physical and biogeochemical data, the position of the frontal zone at the surface could be accurately determined between 157.5°E and 173.4°E. A multiparameter approach is required due to the uncertainty that may result when one parameter is only considered. In the subsurface the thermohaline structures around the frontal zone reveal the predominant role of the ocean salinity stratification within the isothermal layers. However, the actual methods to determine the salinity barrier layer thickness cannot separate in detail the different dynamical regimes near the frontal zone and another variable to identify the role of the salinity in the static vertical stratification is then proposed and tested on several data sets. This method takes into account the thermal and the saline dependencies in the Brunt-Vaisala frequency in order to isolate the specific role of the salinity stratification in the layers above the main thermocline. The results show that the equatorial western Pacific is characterized by an increasing east-west gradient in salinity stratification whereas the stronger values are found westward of the Eastern Edge of the warm pool. This diagnostic then provides the basis for an examination of the dynamical mechanisms involved in the formation of the salinity stratification. It also confirms the importance of the ocean salinity in the variability of the equatorial Pacific warm pool. The potentially important implications for the El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability are discussed.
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Observed correlation of surface salinity, temperature and barrier layer at the Eastern Edge of the western Pacific warm pool
Geophysical Research Letters, 2006Co-Authors: Christophe Maes, Kentaro Ando, Thierry Delcroix, William S. Kessler, Michael J. Mcphaden, Dean RoemmichAbstract:[1] Recent theory suggests that ocean-atmosphere interactions in the western Pacific warm pool are of fundamental importance to interannual variations associated with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The warm pool encompasses the highest mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the world ocean, intense atmospheric deep convection and heavy rainfall, and the formation of thick salt-stratified barrier layers that help to sustain the high SSTs. This study shows that the Eastern Edge of the warm pool is characterized by a strong zonal salinity front throughout 2002–2004. The analysis also indicates a tighter empirical relationship than previously observed between the Eastern Edge of the warm pool, high SSTs, the presence of barrier layers, and the fetch of westerly wind bursts. These results suggest that such a frontal region is a critical in controlling ocean-atmosphere interactions in the western Pacific warm pool and highlight the importance of the upper ocean salinity in climate variability.
Ning Miao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatial analysis of remnant tree effects in a secondary abies betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the qinghai tibetan plateau china
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Ning Miao, Shirong Liu, Timothy Moermond, Zuomin Shi, Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract Remnant trees, remaining after large-scale disturbance of forests, have been shown to exhibit noticeable ecological effects on the recovery of ecosystem functions. Although it is well known that remnant trees may serve as dispersal foci, their effects on the spatial pattern of later stages of dominant tree species in natural secondary forest have not been fully appreciated. To explore the spatial influences of remnant trees on later stages of dominant tree species of a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we mapped all the trees in a 200 m × 200 m plot. We used spatial point pattern analysis including O-ring statistics to analyze the spatial associations between old-growth remnant trees and two dominant tree species of later stages. Abies faxoniana and Betula albo-sinensis, comparing different size-classes at different spatial scales. Our results showed that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of the shade-tolerant species, A. faxoniana, showed significantly positive associations to the old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that remnant trees provided favourable sites for the regeneration of shade-tolerant species. In contrast, small, and medium trees of the shade-intolerant species, B. albo-sinensis, showed significantly negative associations to old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that the remnant trees hinder their regeneration. For old-growth remnant trees, the O12(r) function value (density) of their seedlings, saplings, small trees, and medium trees was calculated at increasingly greater concentric scales (with radius from 0 to 100 m from the remnant trees). Tree density first increased rapidly from 0 to 10 m or 20 m radius (distance from remnant tree) and then decreased continually away from remnant trees, consistent in part with the population recruitment curve proposed by the Janzen–Connell model. We found that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of A. faxoniana tended to distribute within a particular range of annuli around the remnant trees of A. faxoniana, with the densities of the three largest size-classes reaching a maximum within 3–6 m of the remnant tree. The densities beyond the parent remnant trees continued to show an increasingly expanding zone of attraction around the remnant tree. In effect, the small and medium A. faxoniana trees coalesced around remnant trees to create increasingly enlarged canopy cover areas, which served simultaneously as protected zones for A. faxoniana regeneration and extended exclusion zones for B. albo-sinensis and similar shade intolerant species.
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Spatial analysis of remnant tree effects in a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Ning Miao, Liu Shirong, Shi Zuomin, Timothy Moermond, Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract Remnant trees, remaining after large-scale disturbance of forests, have been shown to exhibit noticeable ecological effects on the recovery of ecosystem functions. Although it is well known that remnant trees may serve as dispersal foci, their effects on the spatial pattern of later stages of dominant tree species in natural secondary forest have not been fully appreciated. To explore the spatial influences of remnant trees on later stages of dominant tree species of a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we mapped all the trees in a 200 m × 200 m plot. We used spatial point pattern analysis including O-ring statistics to analyze the spatial associations between old-growth remnant trees and two dominant tree species of later stages. Abies faxoniana and Betula albo-sinensis, comparing different size-classes at different spatial scales. Our results showed that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of the shade-tolerant species, A. faxoniana, showed significantly positive associations to the old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that remnant trees provided favourable sites for the regeneration of shade-tolerant species. In contrast, small, and medium trees of the shade-intolerant species, B. albo-sinensis, showed significantly negative associations to old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that the remnant trees hinder their regeneration. For old-growth remnant trees, the O12(r) function value (density) of their seedlings, saplings, small trees, and medium trees was calculated at increasingly greater concentric scales (with radius from 0 to 100 m from the remnant trees). Tree density first increased rapidly from 0 to 10 m or 20 m radius (distance from remnant tree) and then decreased continually away from remnant trees, consistent in part with the population recruitment curve proposed by the Janzen–Connell model. We found that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of A. faxoniana tended to distribute within a particular range of annuli around the remnant trees of A. faxoniana, with the densities of the three largest size-classes reaching a maximum within 3–6 m of the remnant tree. The densities beyond the parent remnant trees continued to show an increasingly expanding zone of attraction around the remnant tree. In effect, the small and medium A. faxoniana trees coalesced around remnant trees to create increasingly enlarged canopy cover areas, which served simultaneously as protected zones for A. faxoniana regeneration and extended exclusion zones for B. albo-sinensis and similar shade intolerant species.
Timothy Moermond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatial analysis of remnant tree effects in a secondary abies betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the qinghai tibetan plateau china
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Ning Miao, Shirong Liu, Timothy Moermond, Zuomin Shi, Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract Remnant trees, remaining after large-scale disturbance of forests, have been shown to exhibit noticeable ecological effects on the recovery of ecosystem functions. Although it is well known that remnant trees may serve as dispersal foci, their effects on the spatial pattern of later stages of dominant tree species in natural secondary forest have not been fully appreciated. To explore the spatial influences of remnant trees on later stages of dominant tree species of a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we mapped all the trees in a 200 m × 200 m plot. We used spatial point pattern analysis including O-ring statistics to analyze the spatial associations between old-growth remnant trees and two dominant tree species of later stages. Abies faxoniana and Betula albo-sinensis, comparing different size-classes at different spatial scales. Our results showed that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of the shade-tolerant species, A. faxoniana, showed significantly positive associations to the old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that remnant trees provided favourable sites for the regeneration of shade-tolerant species. In contrast, small, and medium trees of the shade-intolerant species, B. albo-sinensis, showed significantly negative associations to old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that the remnant trees hinder their regeneration. For old-growth remnant trees, the O12(r) function value (density) of their seedlings, saplings, small trees, and medium trees was calculated at increasingly greater concentric scales (with radius from 0 to 100 m from the remnant trees). Tree density first increased rapidly from 0 to 10 m or 20 m radius (distance from remnant tree) and then decreased continually away from remnant trees, consistent in part with the population recruitment curve proposed by the Janzen–Connell model. We found that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of A. faxoniana tended to distribute within a particular range of annuli around the remnant trees of A. faxoniana, with the densities of the three largest size-classes reaching a maximum within 3–6 m of the remnant tree. The densities beyond the parent remnant trees continued to show an increasingly expanding zone of attraction around the remnant tree. In effect, the small and medium A. faxoniana trees coalesced around remnant trees to create increasingly enlarged canopy cover areas, which served simultaneously as protected zones for A. faxoniana regeneration and extended exclusion zones for B. albo-sinensis and similar shade intolerant species.
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Spatial analysis of remnant tree effects in a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Ning Miao, Liu Shirong, Shi Zuomin, Timothy Moermond, Yu LiuAbstract:Abstract Remnant trees, remaining after large-scale disturbance of forests, have been shown to exhibit noticeable ecological effects on the recovery of ecosystem functions. Although it is well known that remnant trees may serve as dispersal foci, their effects on the spatial pattern of later stages of dominant tree species in natural secondary forest have not been fully appreciated. To explore the spatial influences of remnant trees on later stages of dominant tree species of a secondary Abies-Betula forest on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we mapped all the trees in a 200 m × 200 m plot. We used spatial point pattern analysis including O-ring statistics to analyze the spatial associations between old-growth remnant trees and two dominant tree species of later stages. Abies faxoniana and Betula albo-sinensis, comparing different size-classes at different spatial scales. Our results showed that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of the shade-tolerant species, A. faxoniana, showed significantly positive associations to the old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that remnant trees provided favourable sites for the regeneration of shade-tolerant species. In contrast, small, and medium trees of the shade-intolerant species, B. albo-sinensis, showed significantly negative associations to old-growth remnant trees of both dominant species, suggesting that the remnant trees hinder their regeneration. For old-growth remnant trees, the O12(r) function value (density) of their seedlings, saplings, small trees, and medium trees was calculated at increasingly greater concentric scales (with radius from 0 to 100 m from the remnant trees). Tree density first increased rapidly from 0 to 10 m or 20 m radius (distance from remnant tree) and then decreased continually away from remnant trees, consistent in part with the population recruitment curve proposed by the Janzen–Connell model. We found that saplings, small trees, and medium trees of A. faxoniana tended to distribute within a particular range of annuli around the remnant trees of A. faxoniana, with the densities of the three largest size-classes reaching a maximum within 3–6 m of the remnant tree. The densities beyond the parent remnant trees continued to show an increasingly expanding zone of attraction around the remnant tree. In effect, the small and medium A. faxoniana trees coalesced around remnant trees to create increasingly enlarged canopy cover areas, which served simultaneously as protected zones for A. faxoniana regeneration and extended exclusion zones for B. albo-sinensis and similar shade intolerant species.