The Experts below are selected from a list of 38613 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Carl Erik Nord - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of new antimicrobial agents on the Ecological Balance of human microflora
Anaerobe, 2012Co-Authors: Mamunur Rashid, Andrej Weintraub, Carl Erik NordAbstract:The human normal microflora is relatively stable at each Ecological habitat under normal circumstances and acts as a barrier against colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms and against overgrowth of already present opportunistic microorganisms. Administration of antimicrobial agents causes disturbances in the Ecological Balance between the host and the normal microflora. The risk of emergence and spread of resistant strains between patients and dissemination of resistant determinants between microorganisms is reduced if colonization resistance is not disturbed by antimicrobial agents. In this article, the potential Ecological effects of administration of new antimicrobial agents on the intestinal and oropharyngeal microflora are summarized. The review is based on clinical studies published during the past 10 years.
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effect of antimicrobial agents on the Ecological Balance of human microflora
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2001Co-Authors: Asa Sullivan, Charlotta Edlund, Carl Erik NordAbstract:Summary The normal microflora acts as a barrier against colonisation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms and against overgrowth of already present opportunistic microorganisms. Control of growth of opportunistic microorganisms is termed colonisation resistance. Administration of antimicrobial agents, therapeutically or as prophylaxis, causes disturbances in the Ecological Balance between the host and the normal microflora. Most studies on the impact of antimicrobial agents on normal microflora have been carried out on the intestinal flora. Less is known on the effects on oropharyngeal, skin, and vaginal microflora. Disturbances in the microflora depend on the properties of the agents as well as of the absorption, route of elimination, and possible enzymatic inactivation and/or binding to faecal material of the agents. The clinically most common disturbances in the intestinal microflora are diarrhoea and fungal infections that usually cease after the end of treatment. A well-Balanced microflora prevents establishment of resistant microbial strains. By using antimicrobial agents that do not disturb colonisation resistance, the risk of emergence and spread of resistant strains between patients and dissemination of resistant determinants between microorganisms is reduced. In this article, the potential Ecological effects of administration of antimicrobial agents on the intestinal, oropharyngeal, and vaginal microflora are summarised. The review is based on clinical studies published during the past 10 years.
Dale A Fisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antimicrobial agents – optimising the Ecological Balance
BMC medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Sze-ann Woon, Dale A FisherAbstract:There is no more challenging a group of pharmaceuticals than antimicrobials. With the antibiotic era came great optimism as countless deaths were prevented from what were previously fatal conditions. Although antimicrobial resistance was quickly identified, the abundance of antibiotics entering the market helped cement attitudes of arrogance as the “battle against pestilence appeared won”. Opposite emotions soon followed as many heralded the return of the pre-antibiotic era, suggesting that the “antibiotic pipeline had dried up” and that our existing armament would soon be rendered worthless. In reality, humans overrate their Ecological importance. For millions of years there has been a Balance between factors promoting bacterial survival and those disturbing it. The first half century of the “antibiotic era” was characterised by a cavalier attitude disturbing the natural Balance; however, recent efforts have been made through several mechanisms to respond and re-strengthen the antimicrobial armament. Such mechanisms include a variety of incentives, educational efforts and negotiations. Today, there are many more “man-made” factors that will determine a new Balance or state of Ecological harmony. Antibiotics are not a panacea nor will they ever be inutile. New resistance mechanisms will be identified and new antibiotics will be discovered, but most importantly, we must optimise our application of these extraordinary “biological tools”; therein lays our greatest challenge – creating a society that understands and respects the determinants of the effectiveness of antibiotics.
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antimicrobial agents optimising the Ecological Balance
BMC Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Sze-ann Woon, Dale A FisherAbstract:There is no more challenging a group of pharmaceuticals than antimicrobials. With the antibiotic era came great optimism as countless deaths were prevented from what were previously fatal conditions. Although antimicrobial resistance was quickly identified, the abundance of antibiotics entering the market helped cement attitudes of arrogance as the “battle against pestilence appeared won”. Opposite emotions soon followed as many heralded the return of the pre-antibiotic era, suggesting that the “antibiotic pipeline had dried up” and that our existing armament would soon be rendered worthless. In reality, humans overrate their Ecological importance. For millions of years there has been a Balance between factors promoting bacterial survival and those disturbing it. The first half century of the “antibiotic era” was characterised by a cavalier attitude disturbing the natural Balance; however, recent efforts have been made through several mechanisms to respond and re-strengthen the antimicrobial armament. Such mechanisms include a variety of incentives, educational efforts and negotiations. Today, there are many more “man-made” factors that will determine a new Balance or state of Ecological harmony. Antibiotics are not a panacea nor will they ever be inutile. New resistance mechanisms will be identified and new antibiotics will be discovered, but most importantly, we must optimise our application of these extraordinary “biological tools”; therein lays our greatest challenge – creating a society that understands and respects the determinants of the effectiveness of antibiotics.
Zhenji Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ICNC (1) - Symbiotic Virtual Enterprise Cluster Ecological Balance Model and Stability Analysis
2008 Fourth International Conference on Natural Computation, 2008Co-Authors: Zhenji Zhang, Mengze Gao, Runtong Zhang, Dan ChangAbstract:Symbiotic Virtual Enterprise Cluster (SVEC) is a dynamic alliance, and there is a relative Balance between enterprises. Some similarities are exhibited between species in nature and SVEC, such as Ecological Balance and evolution. In this paper, logistic equation, from biology, is borrowed to construct Ecological Balance Model, conditions for SVEC to reach its Ecological Balance and the optimal solutions are also analyzed. This paper provides a new method for enterprisepsilas reasonable alliance strategy establishment.
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Research on the Ecological Balance Model of the Virtual Enterprise Cluster and Its Symbiotic Mode
2008 International Seminar on Business and Information Management, 2008Co-Authors: Dongpo Xiao, Xiaolan Guan, Zhenji ZhangAbstract:As the development of bionics, there are more and more Ecological theories and methods applied to the research of economics. The virtual enterprise cluster is a special kind of dynamic alliance in the cyber-society. Through the course of clustering, the enterprises can reduce the cost of production and transaction; form a stable and solid relationship of professional production and cooperation, and share information and related technologies. There is both collaboration and competition among the cluster enterprises. There is also a relative Balance and it is similar to the phenomenon of biological and Ecological Balance and symbiotic evolution in the nature. Using the logistic equation in the ecology, this paper is going to build an Ecological Balance model of the virtual enterprise cluster, and discuss the condition and optimal solution when the cluster can achieve steady state. And it will provide a new way for the enterprises to develop a reasonable strategic alliance.
Mamunur Rashid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of new antimicrobial agents on the Ecological Balance of human microflora
Anaerobe, 2012Co-Authors: Mamunur Rashid, Andrej Weintraub, Carl Erik NordAbstract:The human normal microflora is relatively stable at each Ecological habitat under normal circumstances and acts as a barrier against colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms and against overgrowth of already present opportunistic microorganisms. Administration of antimicrobial agents causes disturbances in the Ecological Balance between the host and the normal microflora. The risk of emergence and spread of resistant strains between patients and dissemination of resistant determinants between microorganisms is reduced if colonization resistance is not disturbed by antimicrobial agents. In this article, the potential Ecological effects of administration of new antimicrobial agents on the intestinal and oropharyngeal microflora are summarized. The review is based on clinical studies published during the past 10 years.
Seref Bozoklu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of Ecological Balance in oecd countries sustainable or unsustainable
Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2020Co-Authors: Burcu Ozcan, Danish Khan, Seref BozokluAbstract:Abstract This paper analyzes the sustainability of the per capita Ecological Balance for 27 OECD countries between 1961 and 2016. In the framework of a quantile unit root test allowing for nonlinearities and asymmetries, we found that, out of the 27 OECD countries, only Germany, Israel, and Mexico have a sustainable Ecological Balance, while the remaining 24 countries have an unsustainable Ecological Balance. In addition, the quantile-based results indicate that 13 OECD countries; namely Australia, Austria, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Poland, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States have a sustainable Ecological Balance either at lower or higher quantiles. The sustainability of Ecological Balance in most OECD countries is likely to become a serious environmental hazard in the near future. Based on the empirical results, some important political actions and steps should be taken to achieve a consensus between economic growth and environmental quality.
