Ecology

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William G Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • urban Ecology advancing science and society
    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2014
    Co-Authors: Colby J Tanner, Frederick R Adler, Nancy B Grimm, Peter M Groffman, Simon A Levin, Jason Munshisouth, Diane E Pataki, Mitchell Pavaozuckerman, William G Wilson
    Abstract:

    Urban Ecology has quickly become established as a central part of ecological thinking. As cities continue to grow in size and number, two questions serve to unify this broad and multidisciplinary research landscape: (1) how can urban Ecology contribute to the science of Ecology, and (2) how can urban Ecology be applied to make cities more livable and sustainable? In spite of the advances made thus far, there are many unexplored ways of integrating the science and application of urban Ecology. Although scientists assess and make predictions regarding the connections between environmental and socioeconomic processes, practitioners involved in real-world application deal with urban planning and with designing ecosystem services to improve living conditions for all urban inhabitants and to make cities more sustainable. Research in urban ecosystems can be developed from many different perspectives, and we suggest that each perspective has something to offer both society and the science of Ecology. We present s...

Jason R Rohr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • parasites as predators unifying natural enemy Ecology
    Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2008
    Co-Authors: Thomas R Raffel, Lynn B Martin, Jason R Rohr
    Abstract:

    Parasitism and predation have long been considered analogous interactions. Yet by and large, ecologists continue to study parasite-host and predator-prey Ecology separately. Here we discuss strengths and shortcomings of the parasite-as-predator analogy and its potential to provide new insights into both fields. Developments in predator-prey Ecology, such as temporal risk allocation and associational resistance, can drive new hypotheses for parasite-host systems. Concepts developed in parasite-host Ecology, such as threshold host densities and phylodynamics, might provide new ideas for predator-prey Ecology. Topics such as trait-mediated indirect effects and enemy-mediated facilitation provide opportunities for the two fields to work together. We suggest that greater unification of predator-prey and parasite-host Ecology would foster advances in both fields.

Colby J Tanner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • urban Ecology advancing science and society
    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2014
    Co-Authors: Colby J Tanner, Frederick R Adler, Nancy B Grimm, Peter M Groffman, Simon A Levin, Jason Munshisouth, Diane E Pataki, Mitchell Pavaozuckerman, William G Wilson
    Abstract:

    Urban Ecology has quickly become established as a central part of ecological thinking. As cities continue to grow in size and number, two questions serve to unify this broad and multidisciplinary research landscape: (1) how can urban Ecology contribute to the science of Ecology, and (2) how can urban Ecology be applied to make cities more livable and sustainable? In spite of the advances made thus far, there are many unexplored ways of integrating the science and application of urban Ecology. Although scientists assess and make predictions regarding the connections between environmental and socioeconomic processes, practitioners involved in real-world application deal with urban planning and with designing ecosystem services to improve living conditions for all urban inhabitants and to make cities more sustainable. Research in urban ecosystems can be developed from many different perspectives, and we suggest that each perspective has something to offer both society and the science of Ecology. We present s...

  • urban ecosystems ecological principles for the built environment
    2013
    Co-Authors: Frederick R Adler, Colby J Tanner
    Abstract:

    Preface 1. Urban ecosystems and the science of Ecology 2. Urban accounting 3. Urban ecosystem processes 4. The Ecology of urban organisms 5. Implications of urban Ecology Glossary Bibliography Index.

Jérôme Mathieu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a tale of four stories soil Ecology theory evolution and the publication system
    PLOS ONE, 2007
    Co-Authors: Sebastien Barot, Pascal Jouquet, Jean-christophe Lata, Sebastien Fontaine, Manuel Blouin, Jérôme Mathieu
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Soil Ecology has produced a huge corpus of results on relations between soil organisms, ecosystem processes controlled by these organisms and links between belowground and aboveground processes. However, some soil scientists think that soil Ecology is short of modelling and evolutionary approaches and has developed too independently from general Ecology. We have tested quantitatively these hypotheses through a bibliographic study (about 23000 articles) comparing soil Ecology journals, generalist Ecology journals, evolutionary Ecology journals and theoretical Ecology journals. FINDINGS: We have shown that soil Ecology is not well represented in generalist Ecology journals and that soil ecologists poorly use modelling and evolutionary approaches. Moreover, the articles published by a typical soil Ecology journal (Soil Biology and Biochemistry) are cited by and cite low percentages of articles published in generalist Ecology journals, evolutionary Ecology journals and theoretical Ecology journals. CONCLUSION: This confirms our hypotheses and suggests that soil Ecology would benefit from an effort towards modelling and evolutionary approaches. This effort should promote the building of a general conceptual framework for soil Ecology and bridges between soil Ecology and general Ecology. We give some historical reasons for the parsimonious use of modelling and evolutionary approaches by soil ecologists. We finally suggest that a publication system that classifies journals according to their Impact Factors and their level of generality is probably inadequate to integrate "particularity" (empirical observations) and "generality" (general theories), which is the goal of all natural sciences. Such a system might also be particularly detrimental to the development of a science such as Ecology that is intrinsically multidisciplinary.

Miguel Alvarez-cobelas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A plea for more Ecology in phytoplankton Ecology
    Hydrobiologia, 2000
    Co-Authors: Carmen Rojo, Miguel Alvarez-cobelas
    Abstract:

    When looking for a pattern of phytoplankton behaviour across trophic gradients, we need to cross the boundaries between different disciplinary areas, from autoEcology to systems Ecology, because eutrophication is a complex process which involves different time scales and different levels of community structure. Thus, we submit our observations to the muddled conceptual world of assemblage Ecology. These inaccuracies arise, for example, from both species and community arguments; eutrophication as a fertilization or a metabolic phenomenon; and the notions frequently interwoven of pattern, process and rules. We suggest that it is advantageous to tackle this issue from the perspective of general Ecology, rather than from a specifically planktonic orientation. In this way, useful general ecological tools, for example, time series and assembly-rule studies, can be used. Time-series study allows the dynamics of any variable to be described or to show that long term variable fluctuations may sometimes be unregulated, in response to some exogenous factor. Rules of assembly help us to resolve which traits are selectively involved during the eutrophication process. In this context, we advocate (1) the use of traits instead of morphospecies in phytoplankton studies, (2) looking for the dynamic patterns of phytoplankton with eutrophication, (3) the use of time series techniques to study phytoplankton trajectories, (4) the use of assembly rules to discern patterns in the formation of multispecies assemblages, (5) the consideration of the pelagic food-web in studies of phytoplankton dynamics and, as an overall suggestion, to borrow knowledge and inspiration from general Ecology.