Economic Behaviour

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Guillaume Habert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a method for allocation according to the Economic Behaviour in the eu ets for by products used in cement industry
    International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guillaume Habert
    Abstract:

    Purpose The most efficient way to reduce the environmental impact of cement production is to replace Portland cement with alternative cementitious materials. These are most often industrial waste such as blast-furnace slags (GBFS) and coal combustion fly ashes (FA). However, a recent European directive no longer considers these products as waste but as by-products. Therefore, the impact of their production has to be considered. Within this new framework, this study develops an evaluation method of their environmental impacts.

  • a method for allocation according to the Economic Behaviour in the eu ets for by products used in cement industry
    International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guillaume Habert
    Abstract:

    The most efficient way to reduce the environmental impact of cement production is to replace Portland cement with alternative cementitious materials. These are most often industrial waste such as blast-furnace slags (GBFS) and coal combustion fly ashes (FA). However, a recent European directive no longer considers these products as waste but as by-products. Therefore, the impact of their production has to be considered. Within this new framework, this study develops an evaluation method of their environmental impacts. This paper presents pre-existing methods and underlines their limits. Through our evaluation of these methods, it has become clear that the allocation procedure is necessary; however, results depend highly on the chosen allocation procedure. This study presents a new allocation method, based on the fact that both cement and the alternative materials, GBFS and FA, are produced by energy-intensive industries (cement iron and coal) which are all subjected to the European Union Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading System. In this carbon trading system, it is Economically beneficial for industries to reduce their environmental impact, like for when, by example, by-products from one industry are used as alternative ‘green’ material by another industry. Our allocation coefficient is calculated so that the Economic gains and losses are the same for all of the industries involved in these exchanges and provides the overall environmental benefit of the exchanges. The discussion shows that whilst this method has much in common with other allocation methods, it is more accurate as it allocates the environmental costs fairly over the industries involved and is more robust because of its constant value. One of its limits is that it cannot be used for life cycle inventories; however, we test the possibility of choosing a coefficient from one impact category and applying it to all the others. Lastly, the technical term of the equation this paper presents could be employed for consequential life cycle assessment, to calculate the most environmental uses by-products could be put to.

Alexandra G Rosati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Christian Pfeifer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • religious activity risk taking preferences and financial Behaviour empirical evidence from german survey data
    Journal of Socio-economics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Anja Kobrich Leon, Christian Pfeifer
    Abstract:

    Abstract Individual preferences with respect to risk taking play an important role in financial Economic Behaviour and hence in financial markets. Using German microdata, we argue that individual religiosity accounts for differences in individual's risk preferences and private financial Behaviour. First, we find that adherents of the two main Christian religions in Germany (Protestants and Catholics) are less willing to take risks in general than non-religious people. We further find that Muslims in Germany are less risk-taking in general than Catholics, Protestants and non-religious people. Moreover, in explicitly considering a context-specific risk attitude, namely the willingness to take risks in financial matters, our results indicate that it is necessary to control for underlying general risk-taking preferences due to the heterogeneous attitudes of Christians and Muslims regarding financial risk taking. Second, while controlling for individual financial risk-taking preferences, we provide empirical evidence of differences in household financial Behaviour between religious and non-religious individuals in Germany. Our results furthermore support the view that religious participation helps to explain different individual investment Behaviour.

  • religious activity risk taking preferences and financial Behaviour empirical evidence from german survey data
    2013
    Co-Authors: Anja Kobrich Leon, Christian Pfeifer
    Abstract:

    Individual preferences with respect to risk taking play an important role in financial Economic Behaviour and, hence, in financial markets. Using German microdata, we argue that individual religiosity is a determinant of household willingness to take risks, since it shapes relevant individual values and norms. Controlling for overall level of general risk assessment, firstly, we find that different religious affiliations are associated with distinct financial risk-taking attitudes. Adherents to the two main Christian religions in Germany (Protestants and Catholics) are less risk-tolerant in general, but not in financial concerns. The same holds for Muslims. Further, religious involvement is associated with higher risk aversion. Secondly, we examine the extent to which religion-induced heterogeneity in risk-taking preferences actually influences investment decisions of individuals in Germany. We provide evidence suggesting that religious beliefs and religious involvement influence individual portfolio decisions.

Francesca De Petrillo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Stien Simen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Resource rent taxation in Norwegian salmon aquaculture : an Economic analysis of resource rent taxation in Norwegian salmon aquaculture
    2020
    Co-Authors: Stien Simen
    Abstract:

    In 2018 the Norwegian government decided that a special tax commission should look into the possibilities to introduce a resource rent tax in the Norwegian aquaculture industry. In November 2019 the commission delivered their report with the majority proposal being that the government should introduce a periodized profit-based resource rent tax of 40 % calculated from a new special tax base called net resource rent income. In May of 2020 the Ministry of Finance discarded this proposal and instead proposed to introduce a production tax of 0,4 NOK per kg of produced salmon. The goal with this thesis is to research if there will be any changes in the Economic Behaviour of the companies if one of the tax proposals are introduced. To determine if there are any Behavioural changes, I will create a bioEconomic optimization model that allows me to investigate the optimal rotation time before and after the introduction of the two tax proposals. My research suggests that both the proposed profit-based resource rent tax and the production tax will distort the optimal rotation time. In both cases the rotation time lengthens which means that it represents a decrease in the marginal value of continuing a rotation. The size of the welfare loss was relatively small; 0,35 NOK for the profit-based resource rent tax and 146,75 NOK for the production tax. Although, if the production area regulations are included in the calculations the companies will be forced to harvest the biomass before it has reached its optimal size. I find that the optimal rotation time will stay at 18,08 months for production area 1-9 and 20,96 months for production area 10-13 regardless of which one of the tax proposals that are introduced. In those cases, the introduction of the taxes will not change the Economic Behaviour of the companies.nhhma

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